{"data":{"sci_version": "1.0", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:25318463", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 4, "content_hash": "sha256:31237a965faab2e5c1b7f2d54783067a0f396f2990303da54ec1ce71d97faaef", "created_at": "2026-11-01T15:40:06Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T21:19:53Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Dissecting the mechanism of carotid atherosclerosis from the perspective of regulation.", "doi": "10.3892/ijmm.2014.1960", "pmid": "25318463", "authors": ["Min Lin", "Lin Zhao", "Wenlong Zhao", "Jing Weng"], "journal": "International journal of molecular medicine", "year": 2014, "abstract": "Carotid atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall. The present study aimed to identify changes in the gene expression and regulatory factors for atherosclerotic plaques of carotid atherosclerosis from an early to an advanced stage. The original data were downloaded from the NCBI GEO database under accession no. GSE28829. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected by the Robust Multiarray Average (RMA). The enriched Gene Ontology (GO) terms and pathways for DEGs using DAVID were subsequently identified. The transcriptional and microRNA (miRNA) regulatory network were constructed for the DEGs. Cis-regulatory signals were also investigated. More genes were activated in the advanced stage compared with the early stage. IGHG1 and SPP1 were upregulated, while MYBL1 and PLD were downregulated. The upregulated genes in the advanced stage were involved in atherosclerosis‑related GO terms such as immune, vascular and cell movement homeostasis. The DEGs were significantly enriched in cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and the focal adhesion pathway. MMP9 and CFL2 played key roles in the transcriptional regulatory network. Moreover, miR-328 was identified as one of the hubs in the miRNA regulatory network. The results may therefore be used to determine the mechanism involved in carotid atherosclerosis.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "Criteria for a differential probe included: i) signal strength of one probe is >1.5-fold between the two groups; ii) t-test P-value of ≤0.01; and iii) plier ≥100 in at least 2/3 of the samples.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:25318463", "locator": "sections[4] \"Identifying differentially expressed genes\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Criteria for a differential probe included: i) signal strength of one probe is >1.5-fold between the two groups; ii) t-test P-value of ≤0.01; and iii) plier ≥100 in at least 2/3 of the samples."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The original data were downloaded from the National Center for Biotechnology Gene Expression Omnibus (NCBI GEO) database for atherosclerotic plaques of carotid atherosclerosis under accession no. GSE28829 (23), including 13 chips at early stage (EAR, pathological, intimal thickening and intimal xanthoma) and 16 chips at advanced stage (ADV, thin or thick fibrous cap atheroma).", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:25318463", "locator": "sections[3] \"Data preprocessing\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The original data were downloaded from the National Center for Biotechnology Gene Expression Omnibus (NCBI GEO) database for atherosclerotic plaques of carotid atherosclerosis under accession no. GSE28829 (23), including 13 chips at early stage (EAR, pathological, intimal thickening and intimal xanthoma) and 16 chips at advanced stage (ADV, thin or thick fibrous cap atheroma)."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "Headline result: More genes were activated in the advanced stage compared with the early stage. The statistical method was the Robust Multiarray Average (RMA), and the source-data route was download from the NCBI GEO database under accession no. GSE28829. No numerical result was reported for this registered target.", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:25318463", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 1", "quote": "More genes were activated in the advanced stage compared with the early stage."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:25318463", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 1", "quote": "Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected by the Robust Multiarray Average (RMA)."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:25318463", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 1", "quote": "The original data were downloaded from the NCBI GEO database under accession no. GSE28829."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "Headline result: More genes were activated in the advanced stage compared with the early stage. The statistical method was the Robust Multiarray Average (RMA), and the source-data route was download from the NCBI GEO database under accession no. GSE28829. No numerical result was reported for this registered target.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:25318463"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE28829"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE28829"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": []}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:25318463", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2014.1960", "sha256": "sha256:c45db7029ad6450c4a48f97e05cc9c08110fe1c93c91edc80d3eade1a46d010b", "bytes": 20437, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "10.3892/ijmm.2014.1960", "version": null, "note": "Full article fetched from PMC; the checksum covers the rendered section body, not the original XML bytes.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC4214333", "source": "europe_pmc_fulltext", "coverage": "whole_body_without_references", "text_hash_scope": "rendered_section_body"}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE28829", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE28829", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE28829", "version": null, "note": "The original data were downloaded from the National Center for Biotechnology Gene Expression Omnibus (NCBI GEO) database for atherosclerotic plaques of carotid atherosclerosis under accession no. 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Evidence bands order textual support; method agreement intervals are null (n=0), never probabilities. Work-type validation does not validate methods.","Operation coverage describes only explicitly named methods. It does not prove a complete protocol, compatible parameters, successful compilation or re-execution. Unrecognised or ambiguous methods require review.","Data reachability is a textual accession or public-data statement. No dataset was downloaded or checked for access, completeness or licence.","Capabilities are planning states seeded from the dated equipment register. No bench ownership, completed quote or partner booking is inferred. Procurement counts are dependencies, not guaranteed replications or financial returns.","Tier and blocker counts are deterministic assessments of this corpus, not measured agreement. R3 is reserved for procurement; unresolved methods and data require human work (R4). The most restrictive axis wins, with capability, method, data as tie-breaks. Resolving one blocker can leave another at the same tier."],"engine":"corpus_engine","engine_provider":"rule_based_v1+lex99e1195c7d6f","run_id":"run-20261023T122449232913","source":"esearch","source_detail":"PubMed mirror biomed_pubmed (read-only)","run_status":"complete","imported_at":"2026-11-03T20:16:52+00:00","generated_at":"2026-11-04T02:12:36+00:00","total_papers":5529,"total_assays_tracked":29,"automatable_assay_families":6,"validated":true,"caveat_count":9,"blocking_caveats":5,"caveats":[{"code":"low_evidence_dominates","basis":["4,152 of 5,529 classifications (75.1%) matched no cue evidence and sit at the 0.05 floor.","34 of 230 data_only calls (14.8%) are in that group."],"claim":"Work type and confidence bands","gloss":"Most records were classified from their title and framing alone, with assay-cue coverage at zero.","detail":"Most classifications in this run rest on no matched evidence at all. At the evidence floor the work type comes from title framing and a fixed prior, not from anything in the paper, so the published work-type split should be read as a rough triage signal rather than a measured distribution. The impact is bounded but not removed: since 2026-10-23 the engine excludes floor-confidence records from the shortlist entirely and publishes them separately as held out, so the recommendation is unaffected even though the census is.","status":"unverified","severity":"high"},{"code":"runtime_is_modelled","basis":["Runtime is summed from published per-assay hour figures. Timing awaits the first executed replication.","4,407 of 5,529 records (79.7%) model to 0.00 hours because no assay was matched, which the ranking then reads as \"cheapest\".","0 of 10 shortlisted records carry a 0.00-hour estimate."],"claim":"Estimated replication runtime","gloss":"The hour figures are estimates built from assay mentions; timing awaits the first executed replication.","detail":"The hour figures are a cost model derived from the bench steps implied by each matched assay family. The first executed replication will supply measured timing. Records without an assay match currently receive a zero-hour model value.","status":"unverified","severity":"high"},{"code":"signal_score_without_citations","basis":["5,529 of 5,529 records (100.0%) have no citation count from the source metadata."],"claim":"Signal score","gloss":"The signal score uses publication-type weight because the mirror supplied zero citation counts.","detail":"The source supplied no citation counts for any record in this run, so the signal score is publication-type weight only. The citation term of the ranking is inert here, and the shortlist is ordered by publication type alone.","status":"unverified","severity":"high"},{"code":"abstract_absent","basis":["1,667 of 5,529 records (30.2%) carry no abstract at all."],"claim":"Evidence base for classification","gloss":"Some records contain a title and publication type only, defining the available classification evidence.","detail":"Where the mirror contains a title and publication types only, those fields define the classifier evidence. A methods section is required for fuller automated and human review.","status":"unverified","severity":"medium"},{"code":"classifier_agreement_measured","basis":["Published two-way decision agreement 77.7% (310 of 399 decidable records) from a stratified hand-check of 438 real records.","Three-way diagnostic agreement 73.9% (288 of 390 decidable records).","data_only agreement 75.2% (100 of 133 decidable).","48 record(s) could not be decided from title and abstract and were excluded from the denominator.","56 analysis-only records were published under another work type, so the data_only share is not an upper bound."],"claim":"Published automatable decision","gloss":"This figure has been checked against a human reading the same papers, so we know how often it is right.","detail":"The published automatable / not-automatable distribution comes from a rule-based classifier that was hand-checked against a fixed ground-truth definition. The agreement rates below are measured, not estimated. The three-way work type remains a diagnostic and is reported separately.","status":"measured","severity":"high"},{"code":"llm_comparison_not_measured","basis":["rule_based_v1+lex99e1195c7d6f produced 5,529 of 5,529 classifications.","Measured on 438 labelled records; these are RULE-BASED figures, not model results."],"claim":"Rule-based versus LLM agreement","gloss":"Every number here is the rule engine’s own. Model comparison begins when a working API credential is connected and measured.","detail":"The published two-way decision agreed with a human reading on 310 of 399 decidable records (77.7%). The diagnostic three-way label agreed on 288 of 390 decidable records (73.9%). Every percentage in this run belongs to the rule engine. Model comparison begins when a working API credential is connected and measured.","status":"not_measured","severity":"high"},{"code":"confidence_is_a_band","basis":["low band: 135 of 210 hand-judged records were correct, 64.3% [57.6, 70.5] (95% CI).","medium band: 80 of 104 hand-judged records were correct, 76.9% [68.0, 84.0] (95% CI).","high band: 73 of 76 hand-judged records were correct, 96.0% [89.0, 98.7] (95% CI).","A fitted calibrated probability was built, measured and withdrawn: it overstated held-out accuracy and reorders nothing."],"claim":"Confidence band and evidence score","gloss":"The confidence band carries a measured accuracy interval; 0.85 represents relative rank strength.","detail":"Confidence on this run is a BAND plus its measured accuracy interval. The number stored alongside each record is a monotone evidence score that orders records; 0.85 represents relative rank strength. A fitted probability was withdrawn after it overstated held-out accuracy. Threshold on the band.","status":"measured","severity":"medium"},{"code":"three_way_split_is_diagnostic","basis":["The corpus is published at the two-way decision: automatable or not-automatable. The three-way split (data_only / physical / mixed) is published as a diagnostic with its measured reliability attached, not as a claim, because the rule engine's `mixed` call cannot be defended.","The engine called 22 record(s) mixed; 10 matched the human judgement (45.5%, 95% CI 26.9-65.3).","The engine's `mixed` call is right on 10/22 hand-judged records (45.5%, 95% CI 26.9%-65.3%); a constant `physical` guess scores 36.4%.","The engine's `mixed` call does not reliably beat a constant `physical` guess on the hand-judged records it labels mixed.","The sign of that difference flips between two independent samples, so the three-way refinement is not demonstrably informative.","The mixed stratum contributes a disproportionate share of errors relative to its size.","At title-only depth the physical/mixed split collapses: a title says that work was done, not whether it was also analysed."],"claim":"The published decision is two-way","gloss":"The three-way split is shown for diagnosis only. The published split is two ways.","detail":"Count and filter the corpus on automatable versus not-automatable. The data_only / physical / mixed split remains an internal engine diagnostic because the mixed call has lower measured reliability.","status":"measured","severity":"medium"},{"code":"automatable_flag_unproven","basis":["6 of 29 assay families are marked automatable now: meta_analysis, machine_learning, survival_analysis, pca, molecular_docking, differential_expression.","The flag is a rule over assay family and work type; validation begins with the first executed replication.","It inherits the 75.2% data_only agreement rate, because the flag requires the record to be analysis-only."],"claim":"Automatable now","gloss":"This flag marks assay families the rules classify as data-only. The first executed replication will validate it.","detail":"This flag marks families the rules consider replicable from data alone. Its validity depends on the analysis-only classification and will be measured through an executed replication.","status":"unverified","severity":"medium"}],"confidence_policy":"band_with_measured_interval","confidence_contract":{"policy":"band_with_measured_interval","summary":"Confidence is reported as a BAND with a measured accuracy interval. The raw evidence score supplies monotone ordering. A fitted point estimate was withdrawn after it overstated held-out accuracy.","evidence_score":"A monotone evidence score in [0,1] built from cue mass, axis separation and text coverage. Use it to order records. Interpret 0.85 as relative rank strength.","confidence_band":"low | medium | high. Consumers threshold on this value.","band_accuracy":"Wilson 95% interval on the measured agreement of the hand-judged records in this band.","calibrated_confidence":"WITHDRAWN. 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