{"data":{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:26474480", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 6, "content_hash": "sha256:af86971bc5b8b72618fd8aab3613c046c3496410d48c59e867112c0a11bf59a9", "created_at": "2026-11-01T15:40:11Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T21:20:08Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Accuracy and Reproducibility in Quantification of Plasma Protein Concentrations by Mass Spectrometry without the Use of Isotopic Standards.", "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0140097", "pmid": "26474480", "authors": ["Gertjan Kramer", "Yvonne Woolerton", "Jan P van Straalen", "Johannes P C Vissers", "Nick Dekker", "James I Langridge", "Robert J Beynon", "Dave Speijer", "Auguste Sturk", "Johannes M F G Aerts"], "journal": "PloS one", "year": 2015, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Quantitative proteomic analysis with mass spectrometry holds great promise for simultaneously quantifying proteins in various biosamples, such as human plasma. Thus far, studies addressing the reproducible measurement of endogenous protein concentrations in human plasma have focussed on targeted analyses employing isotopically labelled standards. Non-targeted proteomics, on the other hand, has been less employed to this end, even though it has been instrumental in discovery proteomics, generating large datasets in multiple fields of research.\nRESULTS: Using a non-targeted mass spectrometric assay (LCMSE), we quantified abundant plasma proteins (43 mg/mL-40 ug/mL range) in human blood plasma specimens from 30 healthy volunteers and one blood serum sample (ProteomeXchange: PXD000347). Quantitative results were obtained by label-free mass spectrometry using a single internal standard to estimate protein concentrations. This approach resulted in quantitative results for 59 proteins (cut off ≥11 samples quantified) of which 41 proteins were quantified in all 31 samples and 23 of these with an inter-assay variability of ≤ 20%. Results for 7 apolipoproteins were compared with those obtained using isotope-labelled standards, while 12 proteins were compared to routine immunoassays. Comparison of quantitative data obtained by LCMSE and immunoassays showed good to excellent correlations in relative protein abundance (r = 0.72-0.96) and comparable median concentrations for 8 out of 12 proteins tested. Plasma concentrations of 56 proteins determined by LCMSE were of similar accuracy as those reported by targeted studies and 7 apolipoproteins quantified by isotope-labelled standards, when compared to reference concentrations from literature.\nCONCLUSIONS: This study shows that LCMSE offers good quantification of relative abundance as well as reasonable estimations of concentrations of abundant plasma proteins.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "Ordinary least square linear regression was used to ascertain whether there was a linear correlation between protein amount loaded and protein amount quantified on column. The mass spectrometry data, and protein and peptide identification data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org) via the PRIDE partner repository with the dataset identifier PXD000347.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:26474480", "locator": "sections[9] \"Determination of linearity, LOD/LOQ, digestion efficiency and assay variability\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Ordinary least square linear regression was used to ascertain whether there was a linear correlation between protein amount loaded and protein amount quantified on column."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:26474480", "locator": "sections[24] \"Data Availability\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The mass spectrometry data, and protein and peptide identification data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org) via the PRIDE partner repository with the dataset identifier PXD000347."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The mass spectrometry data, and protein and peptide identification data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org) via the PRIDE partner repository with the dataset identifier PXD000347.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:26474480", "locator": "sections[24] \"Data Availability\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The mass spectrometry data, and protein and peptide identification data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org) via the PRIDE partner repository with the dataset identifier PXD000347."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "Spearman correlation analysis showed good-to-excellent agreement between LCMSE/HI3 peptide quantification and clinical immunoassays, and the underlying mass-spectrometry data were deposited in ProteomeXchange under identifier PXD000347.", "kind": "quantitative", "target": {"value": 0.72, "unit": "correlation coefficient", "tolerance": null, "source": "Comparison of quantitative data obtained by LCMSE and immunoassays showed good to excellent correlations in relative protein abundance (r = 0.72–0.96) and comparable median concentrations for 8 out of 12 proteins tested."}, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:26474480", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Comparison of quantitative data obtained by LCMSE and immunoassays showed good to excellent correlations in relative protein abundance (r = 0.72–0.96) and comparable median concentrations for 8 out of 12 proteins tested."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:26474480", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Using a non-targeted mass spectrometric assay (LCMSE), we quantified abundant plasma proteins (43 mg/mL—40 ug/mL range) in human blood plasma specimens from 30 healthy volunteers and one blood serum sample (ProteomeXchange: PXD000347)."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "Spearman correlation analysis showed good-to-excellent agreement between LCMSE/HI3 peptide quantification and clinical immunoassays, and the underlying mass-spectrometry data were deposited in ProteomeXchange under identifier PXD000347.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:26474480"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:PXD000347"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:PXD000347"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": []}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:26474480", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140097", "sha256": "sha256:3ee69066e6f1ea97b7dd903d0ed13a2836f11a8ff54e1286be5d8216557ae873", "bytes": 65692, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "10.1371/journal.pone.0140097", "version": null, "note": "Full article fetched from PMC; the checksum covers the rendered section body, not the original XML bytes.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC4608811", "source": "europe_pmc_fulltext", "coverage": "whole_body", "text_hash_scope": "rendered_section_body"}}, {"id": "data:geo:PXD000347", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=PXD000347", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "PXD000347", "version": null, "note": "The mass spectrometry data, and protein and peptide identification data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org) via the PRIDE partner repository with the dataset identifier PXD000347.", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "The mass spectrometry data, and protein and peptide identification data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org) via the PRIDE partner repository with the dataset identifier PXD000347.", "access_statement_kind": "data_availability_statement", "sample_accessions": [], "sample_count": null, "group_sizes": null, "group_sizes_basis": null, "platform": null, "taxon": null, "title": "Quantitation of plasma protein concentrations by mass spectrometry without the use of isotopic standards. C4PR_LIV", "resolution_checked_at": "2026-10-31T18:35:55Z", "resolution_check": "identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}, {"id": "asset:table:pmid:26474480:1", "role": "table", "format": "jats-table", "media_type": "application/vnd.jats.table+json", "uri": null, "sha256": "sha256:5eb7fc8f61e384097771afbea5796b5865faec72d0c49177d800ba7d3ab6620f", "bytes": 815, "access": "open", "state": "verified", "reader": "read_table", "reader_status": "available", "identifier": "section[4]/table-wrap[1]#pone.0140097.t001", "version": null, "note": "Reference and assay ranges clinical assays.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC4608811", "section_index": 4, "section_title": "Clinical Assays, reference range and assay range", "row_count": 13, "column_count": 3}, "table": {"label": "Table 1", "caption": "Reference and assay ranges clinical assays.", "rows": [["Assay", "Reference range (x106 ng/mL)", "Assay range 1 (x106 ng/mL)"], ["Albumin", "35–50", "2–60"], ["Immunoglobulin Gamma", "7.0–16.0", "3.0–50.0"], ["Serotransferrin", "2.0–3.6", "0.10–5.2"], ["Fibrinogen", "1.5–4.0", "0.3–10.0"], ["Complement C3", "0.9–1.8", "0.03–3.32"], ["Apolipoprotein A-I", "1.0–2.1", "0.03–3.32"], ["Haptoglobin", "0.3–2.0", "0.1–5.7"], ["Apolipoprotein B-100", "0.55–1.2", "0.03–2.76"], ["Immunoglobulin Alpha", "0.7–4.0", "0.5–8.0"], ["Complement C4", "0.1–0.4", "0.01–0.8"], ["Ceruloplasmin", "0.20–0.55", "0.07–2.20"], ["Immunoglobulin Mu", "0.40–2.3", "0.25–6.50"]], "row_count": 13, "column_count": 3, "numeric_cells": 27, "header_rows": 1, "locator": "section[4]/table-wrap[1]#pone.0140097.t001"}}, {"id": "asset:table:pmid:26474480:2", "role": "table", "format": "jats-table", "media_type": "application/vnd.jats.table+json", "uri": null, "sha256": "sha256:3dcf57c09887bd03d9d4039fcbc00e5d68671b69f03c90a22180a350cb70c922", "bytes": 5723, "access": "open", "state": "verified", "reader": "read_table", "reader_status": "available", "identifier": "section[9]/table-wrap[1]#pone.0140097.t002", "version": null, "note": "Hi3 peptide quantitative analysis of abundant plasma proteins.(50:1 substrate:enzyme, 20 hours digestion, 0.21 ug on column injection).", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC4608811", "section_index": 9, "section_title": "Determination of linearity, LOD/LOQ, digestion efficiency and assay variability", "row_count": 61, "column_count": 11}, "table": {"label": "Table 2", "caption": "Hi3 peptide quantitative analysis of abundant plasma proteins.(50:1 substrate:enzyme, 20 hours digestion, 0.21 ug on column injection).", "rows": [["No", "Protein name", "median (ng/mL)", "IRV", "IAV", "AV", "LIN", "ST", "LOQ", "n", "FN"], ["1", "Albumin", "7.4 x107", "12", "15", "11", "0.992", "0.955", "6.0 x103", "31", "1"], ["2", "Ig gamma", "4.8 x106", "30", "17", "5", "0.985", "0.998", "8.5 x104", "31", "2"], ["3", "Serotransferrin", "2.7 x106", "19", "19", "9", "0.991", "0.976", "2.6 x105", "31", "3"], ["4", "Fibrinogen", "2.6 x106", "14", "15", "9", "0.995", "0.991", "7.0 x104", "30", "4"], ["5", "Complement C3", "2.3 x106", "17", "16", "7", "0.987", "0.974", "5.6 x104", "31", "5"], ["6", "Alpha-2-macroglobulin", "1.8 x106", "16", "11", "4", "0.990", "0.993", "5.2 x104", "31", "6"], ["7", "Apolipoprotein A-I", "1.7 x106", "29", "14", "8", "0.991", "0.976", "2.2 x104", "31", "7"], ["8", "Alpha-1-antitrypsin", "1.6 x106", "14", "16", "15", "0.985", "0.964", "2.7 x104", "31", "8"], ["9", "Haptoglobin", "1.3 x106", "26", "20", "9", "0.993", "0.991", "3.2 x104", "31", "9"], ["10", "Ig kappa chain C region", "1.0 x106", "25", "14", "8", "0.989", "0.985", "1.7 x104", "31", "10"], ["11", "Apolipoprotein B-100", "9.7 x105", "14", "15", "9", "0.966", "0.999", "2.5 x105", "31", "11"], ["12", "Hemopexin", "9.1 x105", "12", "12", "4", "0.999", "0.960", "2.1 x104", "31", "12"], ["13", "Ig alpha", "7.3 x105", "18", "17", "8", "0.998", "0.982", "2.3 x104", "31", "13"], ["14", "Complement C4", "6.8 x105", "16", "16", "14", "0.979", "-", "1.3 x105", "31", "14"], ["15", "Fibronectin", "5.0 x105", "-", "-", "32", "-", "-", "-", "22", "15"], ["16", "Ig lambda chain C region", "4.0 x105", "22", "17", "7", "0.989", "0.976", "1.5 x104", "31", "16"], ["17", "Ceruloplasmin", "3.5 x105", "22", "16", "8", "0.990", "0.992", "1.8 x104", "31", "17"], ["18", "Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor hc H2", "3.5 x105", "14", "18", "14", "0.991", "0.965", "2.4 x104", "31", "18"], ["19", "Complement factor H", "2.7 x105", "20", "20", "5", "0.991", "0.990", "3.3 x104", "31", "19"], ["20", "Vitamin D-binding protein", "2.7 x105", "15", "15", "9", "0.994", "0.993", "3.3 x104", "31", "20"], ["21", "Kininogen-1", "2.6 x105", "17", "14", "10", "0.989", "0.963", "3.6 x104", "31", "21"], ["22", "Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein", "2.4 x105", "16", "13", "12", "0.990", "0.961", "4.0 x103", "31", "22"], ["23", "Plasminogen", "2.2 x105", "22", "20", "11", "0.991", "0.983", "4.7 x104", "31", "23"], ["24", "Ig mu chain C region", "2.2 x105", "26", "14", "17", "0.993", "0.997", "1.4 x104", "31", "24"], ["25", "Apolipoprotein A-II", "2.0 x105", "27", "17", "6", "0.995", "0.988", "2.4 x104", "31", "25"], ["26", "Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin", "1.8 x105", "16", "6", "6", "0.989", "0.961", "6.0 x103", "31", "26"], ["27", "Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor hc H1", "1.8 x105", "16", "-", "18", "0.993", "-", "4.4 x104", "31", "27"], ["28", "Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1", "1.7 x105", "41", "16", "10", "0.990", "0.971", "6.0 x103", "31", "28"], ["29", "Beta-2-glycoprotein 1", "1.7 x105", "11", "31", "7", "0.993", "0.966", "7.2 x104", "31", "29"], ["30", "Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor hc H4", "1.7 x105", "43", "10", "7", "0.993", "0.995", "2.0 x104", "31", "30"], ["31", "Complement factor B", "1.5 x105", "25", "52", "11", "0.995", "0.974", "2.5 x104", "31", "31"], ["32", "Clusterin", "1.5 x105", "10", "17", "10", "0.990", "0.958", "1.7 x104", "31", "32"], ["33", "Alpha-1B-glycoprotein", "1.4 x105", "18", "12", "9", "0.989", "0.955", "1.0 x104", "31", "33"], ["34", "Prothrombin", "1.4 x105", "16", "23", "51", "0.993", "0.974", "1.7 x104", "31", "34"], ["35", "Antithrombin-III", "1.4 x105", "20", "19", "7", "0.984", "0.962", "5.0 x103", "31", "35"], ["36", "Plasma protease C1 inhibitor", "1.3 x105", "19", "18", "10", "0.964", "0.966", "1.1 x104", "31", "36"], ["37", "Vitronectin", "1.1 x105", "13", "13", "10", "0.995", "0.982", "1.4 x104", "28", "37"], ["38", "Apolipoprotein A-IV", "1.0 x105", "18", "16", "9", "0.994", "0.972", "9.0 x103", "31", "38"], ["39", "C4b-binding protein alpha chain", "1.0 x105", "18", "13", "35", "0.996", "0.997", "1.5 x104", "31", "39"], ["40", "Histidine-rich glycoprotein", "9.0 x104", "21", "13", "10", "0.976", "0.958", "8.0 x103", "31", "40"], ["No", "Protein name", "median (ng/mL)", "IRV", "IAV", "AV", "LIN", "ST", "LOQ", "n", "FN"], ["41", "Gelsolin", "7.0 x104", "23", "36", "11", "0.990", "-", "3.5 x104", "22", "41"], ["42", "Heparin cofactor 2", "6.6 x104", "17", "-", "100", "0.991", "-", "1.1 x104", "11", "42"], ["43", "Afamin", "5.7 x104", "16", "12", "15", "0.998", "0.954", "1.0 x105", "18", "43"], ["44", "Angiotensinogen", "5.7 x104", "19", "16", "5", "0.989", "0.992", "1.1 x104", "30", "44"], ["45", "Paraoxonase/arylesterase 1", "5.1 x104", "22", "-", "22", "0.982", "0.999", "7.0 x103", "23", "45"], ["46", "Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 2", "5.0 x104", "44", "15", "13", "0.999", "0.958", "4.0 x103", "31", "46"], ["47", "Hemoglobin subunit alpha", "4.1 x104", "40", "-", "7", "0.991", "-", "3.0 x103", "31", "47"], ["48", "Apolipoprotein C-III", "3.9 x104", "32", "27", "20", "-", "0.978", "1.4 x104", "31", "48"], ["49", "Protein AMBP", "3.9 x104", "26", "10", "16", "0.825", "0.949", "7.0 x103", "22", "49"], ["50", "Hemoglobin subunit beta", "3.8 x104", "17", "42", "8", "0.992", "0.983", "4.0 x103", "31", "50"], ["51", "Pregnancy zone protein", "3.6 x104", "64", "64", "75", "0.959", "0.998", "7.0 x103", "15", "-"], ["52", "Zinc alpha 2 glycoprotein", "3.3 x104", "24", "12", "212", "0.772", "0.971", "4.0 x103", "20", "51"], ["53", "Apolipoprotein E", "3.1 x104", "19", "6", "11", "0.996", "0.964", "1.7 x104", "27", "52"], ["54", "CD5 antigen like protein", "2.5 x104", "8", "7", "15", "-", "0.997", "1.3 x104", "19", "-"], ["55", "Haptoglobin-related protein", "2.3 x104", "24", "24", "21", "0.968", "0.995", "3.0 x103", "16", "53"], ["56", "Retinol-binding protein 4", "2.2 x104", "20", "-", "27", "-", "-", "-", "14", "54"], ["57", "Apolipoprotein D", "2.1 x104", "-", "-", "13", "-", "-", "-", "20", "55"], ["58", "Apolipoprotein C-I", "1.6 x104", "-", "-", "11", "-", "-", "-", "26", "56"], ["59", "Apolipoprotein C-II", "1.6 x104", "-", "23", "7", "-", "0.922", "-", "19", "57"]], "row_count": 61, "column_count": 11, "numeric_cells": 569, "header_rows": 0, "locator": "section[9]/table-wrap[1]#pone.0140097.t002"}}, {"id": "asset:table:pmid:26474480:3", "role": "table", "format": "jats-table", "media_type": "application/vnd.jats.table+json", "uri": null, "sha256": "sha256:ecce183fc31e1f304cb5ada09210ca2cab76f08a1988b10d9f738cf8a1a8c33b", "bytes": 847, "access": "open", "state": "verified", "reader": "read_table", "reader_status": "available", "identifier": "section[18]/table-wrap[1]#pone.0140097.t003", "version": null, "note": "Intra-assay variation comparison of Hi3 peptide quantitation to targeted proteomics studies of plasma proteins.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC4608811", "section_index": 18, "section_title": "HI3 peptide quantitation: reliability", "row_count": 7, "column_count": 4}, "table": {"label": "Table 3", "caption": "Intra-assay variation comparison of Hi3 peptide quantitation to targeted proteomics studies of plasma proteins.", "rows": [["Source of Data", "Intra-assay CV", "CV≤ 20%", "CV≤ 30%"], ["HI3 peptide quantitation data from this study.", "16% (6–64%)", "82%", "90%"], ["Targeted Proteomics study [12] using isotopic labels.", "8% (7–12%)", "100%", "100%"], ["Targeted Proteomics study [16] using isotopic labels.", "6% (1–18%)", "100%", "100%"], ["Targeted Proteomics study [15] using isotopic labels.", "5% (1–20%)", "100%", "100%"], ["Targeted Proteomics study [13] using isotopic labels.", "9% (5–60%)", "93%", "98%"], ["Targeted Proteomics study [14] without isotopic labels.", "12% (5–40%)", "76%", "88%"]], "row_count": 7, "column_count": 4, "numeric_cells": 25, "header_rows": 1, "locator": "section[18]/table-wrap[1]#pone.0140097.t003"}}, {"id": "asset:table:pmid:26474480:4", "role": "table", "format": "jats-table", "media_type": "application/vnd.jats.table+json", "uri": null, "sha256": "sha256:300d6ddc503fa17f900bdc8e8fd30cdc8674f7506fa67853383868a5b725da53", "bytes": 1305, "access": "open", "state": "verified", "reader": "read_table", "reader_status": "available", "identifier": "section[19]/table-wrap[1]#pone.0140097.t004", "version": null, "note": "Comparison of quantification of abundant plasma proteins by HI3 peptide quantitation and clinical immunoassays.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC4608811", "section_index": 19, "section_title": "Comparing HI3 peptide with standard clinical immunoassay quantitation", "row_count": 14, "column_count": 9}, "table": {"label": "Table 4", "caption": "Comparison of quantification of abundant plasma proteins by HI3 peptide quantitation and clinical immunoassays.", "rows": [["Protein", "HI3 peptide quantitation", "Immunoassay", "r"], ["median (ng/mL)", "intra-assay CV1(%)", "inter-assay CV2(%)", "n1", "median (ng/mL)", "inter-assay CV3(%)", "n2"], ["Albumin", "7.4 x107", "15", "12", "31", "4.7 x107", "2", "31", "0.72"], ["Immunoglobulin γ", "4.8 x106", "17", "30", "31", "9.6 x106", "2", "31", "0.86"], ["Transferrin", "2.7 x106", "19", "19", "31", "2.7 x106", "2", "31", "0.75"], ["Fibrinogen", "2.6 x106", "15", "14", "30", "1.6 x106", "3", "30", "0.81*"], ["Complement C3", "2.3 x106", "16", "17", "31", "1.0 x106", "2", "31", "0.86"], ["Apolipoprotein A-I", "1.7 x106", "14", "29", "31", "1.5 x106", "4", "31", "0.86"], ["Haptoglobin", "1.3 x106", "20", "26", "31", "1.2 x106", "2", "31", "0.92"], ["Apolipoprotein B-100", "1.0 x106", "15", "14", "31", "0.9 x106", "3", "31", "0.85"], ["Immunoglobulin α", "0.7 x106", "17", "18", "31", "1.8 x106", "1", "31", "0.93"], ["Complement C4", "0.7 x106", "16", "16", "29", "0.2 x106", "3", "31", "0.76"], ["Ceruloplasmin", "0.4 x106", "16", "22", "31", "0.3 x106", "5", "31", "0.89"], ["Immunoglobulin μ", "0.2 x106", "14", "26", "31", "1.0 x106", "3", "31", "0.96"]], "row_count": 14, "column_count": 9, "numeric_cells": 97, "header_rows": 2, "locator": "section[19]/table-wrap[1]#pone.0140097.t004"}}], "gaps": ["asset:data:geo:PXD000347 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:PXD000347 licence not read"]}, "analysis": {"state": "complete", "methods": [{"id": "method-1", "family": "regression_modelling", "specific": "ols", "label": "Regression modelling", "dsl_operations": ["ols_fit"], "missing_operations": [], "expressible": true, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": ["predictors_and_outcome"], "evidence": {"score": 1.0, "band": "reordered", "quote": "Ordinary least square linear regression was used to ascertain whether there was a linear correlation between protein amount loaded and protein amount quantified on column. The mass spectrometry data, and protein and peptide identification data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org) via the PRIDE partner repository with the dataset identifier PXD000347."}}], "targets": [{"id": "target-published-estimate", "claim_id": "claim-target-result", "operation": "ols_fit", "expected_value": 0.72, "unit": "correlation coefficient", "tolerance": null, "state": "complete", "note": "The published estimate as the reader quoted it from the paper. No tolerance is published because the paper states none."}], "gaps": []}, "capability": {"state": "complete", "requirements": [{"capability_id": "capability:computational_analysis", "label": "Computational analysis platform", "assay_families": ["meta_analysis", "machine_learning", "survival_analysis", "statistical_regression", "pca", "molecular_docking", "network_analysis", "differential_expression", "gwas"], "availability_state": "owned", "tier_unlocked": "R1", "candidate": "Automated Assays Laravel application and simulated adapters"}], "gaps": []}, "readiness": {"state": "complete", "tier": "R1", "blocking_axis": "none", "blocked_on": "nothing:replicable_now", "axes": {"method": {"tier": "R1", "expressible": true, "required_operations": ["ols_fit"], "missing_operations": [], "basis": "The paper names the method it used and the corpus's method extractor maps it onto the DSL catalogue: ols."}, "capability": {"tier": "R1", "capability_id": "capability:computational_analysis", "availability_state": "owned", "basis": "The computational analysis is owned. The physical bench the paper used is not, so a physical validation cannot be run here."}, "data": {"tier": "R1", "reachable": true, "accessions": ["PXD000347"], "resolved_accessions": ["PXD000347"], "statements": ["The mass spectrometry data, and protein and peptide identification data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org) via the PRIDE partner repository with the dataset identifier PXD000347."], "basis": "The paper names PXD000347 in ProteomeXchange Consortium via PRIDE and the accession resolves in the repository. No dataset was downloaded and no licence was read."}}, "can_run": {"dsl_operations": ["ols_fit"], "assets": ["source:pmid:26474480", "data:geo:PXD000347", "asset:table:pmid:26474480:1", "asset:table:pmid:26474480:2", "asset:table:pmid:26474480:3", "asset:table:pmid:26474480:4"], "steps": ["run_analysis"]}, "must_build": {"dsl_operations": [], "converters": [], "readers": [], "capabilities": [], "data_gaps": ["data:geo:PXD000347"]}, "gaps": []}, "review": {"state": "partial", "machine_critique": {"kind": "extraction_review", "reader": {"model": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "provider": "minimax", "provider_family": "minimax", "read_at": "2026-10-31T18:25:08Z", "independence": "same_provider"}, "evidence_check": {"method": "reordered", "availability": "verbatim"}, "calls": 8, "usage": {"prompt_tokens": 131580, "completion_tokens": 3647, "cached_tokens": 1680}}, "human_critique": null, "stages": [{"id": "extraction", "state": "complete", "reader": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "provider": "minimax"}], "gaps": ["review.independent_reader", "review.machine_critique", "review.human_critique"]}, "execution": {"state": "absent", "status": "not_run", "mode": null, "runs": [], "gaps": ["execution.not_run"]}, "provenance": {"entities": [{"id": "pmid:26474480", "type": "paper", "label": "pmid:26474480"}, {"id": "source:pmid:26474480", "type": "manuscript", "label": "PMID 26474480 full text"}, {"id": "data:geo:PXD000347", "type": "dataset", "label": "GEO PXD000347"}], "activities": [{"id": "activity-reading-sci-2026-11-01", "type": "classification", "used": [{"id": "pmid:26474480", "type": "paper", "label": "pmid:26474480"}, {"id": "source:pmid:26474480", "type": "manuscript", "label": "PMID 26474480 full text"}, {"id": "data:geo:PXD000347", "type": "dataset", "label": "GEO PXD000347"}], "agent": "agent:corpus-assay-engine"}, {"id": "activity-read-26474480", "type": "extraction", "used": ["source:pmid:26474480"], "agent": "agent:minimax-reader"}, {"id": "activity-resolve-PXD000347", "type": "accession_resolution", "used": ["data:geo:PXD000347"], "agent": "agent:corpus-assay-engine"}], "agents": [{"id": "agent:corpus-assay-engine", "type": "software", "label": "Corpus assay engine"}, {"id": "agent:minimax-reader", "type": "software", "label": "MiniMax literature reader"}], "source_run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01", "dsl_catalogue_fingerprint": "343fb30756ba6ec3", "capability_table_fingerprint": "2cb3e42f047d2ecf", "snapshot_id": "ba34b49490d9bfaf"}, "lineage": {"parent_id": "pmid:26474480", "parent_hash": "sha256:4d6c4f25100b08fef5877a28556ff06d0ebdbcd22b678fbbce2ffeb66e54babd", "fork_of": null, "generation": 5}, "gaps": ["asset:data:geo:PXD000347 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:PXD000347 not downloaded", "execution.not_run", "review.human_critique", "review.independent_reader", "review.machine_critique"], "assays": [{"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "mass_spectrometry", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.99, "evidence": ["fication of Plasma Protein Concentrations by Mass Spectrometry without the Use of Isotopic Standards.", "GROUND: Quantitative proteomic analysis with mass spectrometry holds great promise for simultaneously quant", "s of research. RESULTS: Using a non-targeted mass spectrometric assay (LCMSE), we quantified abundant plasma", "titative results were obtained by label-free mass spectrometry using a single internal standard to estimate"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:38", "id": "assay:1"}, {"role": "analysis", "definition_id": "regression_modelling", "definition_version": "f2132e96ae6c7a4e", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": ["ols_fit"], "support_state": "supported", "source_hashes": {"dsl_catalogue": "f2132e96ae6c7a4e"}, "confidence": 1.0, "evidence": ["Ordinary least square linear regression was used to ascertain whether there was a linear correlation between protein amount loaded and protein amount quantified on column. The mass spectrometry data, and protein and peptide identification data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org) via the PRIDE partner repository with the dataset identifier PXD000347."], "order_basis": "consumes_earlier_output", "id": "assay:2"}]},"meta":{"api_version":"v1","automation_ladder_snapshot":"ba34b49490d9bfaf","automation_ladder_caveats":["Method extraction is rule-based and has no hand-judged accuracy sample. Evidence bands order textual support; method agreement intervals are null (n=0), never probabilities. Work-type validation does not validate methods.","Operation coverage describes only explicitly named methods. It does not prove a complete protocol, compatible parameters, successful compilation or re-execution. Unrecognised or ambiguous methods require review.","Data reachability is a textual accession or public-data statement. No dataset was downloaded or checked for access, completeness or licence.","Capabilities are planning states seeded from the dated equipment register. No bench ownership, completed quote or partner booking is inferred. Procurement counts are dependencies, not guaranteed replications or financial returns.","Tier and blocker counts are deterministic assessments of this corpus, not measured agreement. R3 is reserved for procurement; unresolved methods and data require human work (R4). The most restrictive axis wins, with capability, method, data as tie-breaks. Resolving one blocker can leave another at the same tier."],"engine":"corpus_engine","engine_provider":"rule_based_v1+lex99e1195c7d6f","run_id":"run-20261023T122449232913","source":"esearch","source_detail":"PubMed mirror biomed_pubmed (read-only)","run_status":"complete","imported_at":"2026-11-03T20:16:52+00:00","generated_at":"2026-11-04T03:16:00+00:00","total_papers":5529,"total_assays_tracked":29,"automatable_assay_families":6,"validated":true,"caveat_count":9,"blocking_caveats":5,"caveats":[{"code":"low_evidence_dominates","basis":["4,152 of 5,529 classifications (75.1%) matched no cue evidence and sit at the 0.05 floor.","34 of 230 data_only calls (14.8%) are in that group."],"claim":"Work type and confidence bands","gloss":"Most records were classified from their title and framing alone, with assay-cue coverage at zero.","detail":"Most classifications in this run rest on no matched evidence at all. At the evidence floor the work type comes from title framing and a fixed prior, not from anything in the paper, so the published work-type split should be read as a rough triage signal rather than a measured distribution. The impact is bounded but not removed: since 2026-10-23 the engine excludes floor-confidence records from the shortlist entirely and publishes them separately as held out, so the recommendation is unaffected even though the census is.","status":"unverified","severity":"high"},{"code":"runtime_is_modelled","basis":["Runtime is summed from published per-assay hour figures. Timing awaits the first executed replication.","4,407 of 5,529 records (79.7%) model to 0.00 hours because no assay was matched, which the ranking then reads as \"cheapest\".","0 of 10 shortlisted records carry a 0.00-hour estimate."],"claim":"Estimated replication runtime","gloss":"The hour figures are estimates built from assay mentions; timing awaits the first executed replication.","detail":"The hour figures are a cost model derived from the bench steps implied by each matched assay family. The first executed replication will supply measured timing. Records without an assay match currently receive a zero-hour model value.","status":"unverified","severity":"high"},{"code":"signal_score_without_citations","basis":["5,529 of 5,529 records (100.0%) have no citation count from the source metadata."],"claim":"Signal score","gloss":"The signal score uses publication-type weight because the mirror supplied zero citation counts.","detail":"The source supplied no citation counts for any record in this run, so the signal score is publication-type weight only. The citation term of the ranking is inert here, and the shortlist is ordered by publication type alone.","status":"unverified","severity":"high"},{"code":"abstract_absent","basis":["1,667 of 5,529 records (30.2%) carry no abstract at all."],"claim":"Evidence base for classification","gloss":"Some records contain a title and publication type only, defining the available classification evidence.","detail":"Where the mirror contains a title and publication types only, those fields define the classifier evidence. A methods section is required for fuller automated and human review.","status":"unverified","severity":"medium"},{"code":"classifier_agreement_measured","basis":["Published two-way decision agreement 77.7% (310 of 399 decidable records) from a stratified hand-check of 438 real records.","Three-way diagnostic agreement 73.9% (288 of 390 decidable records).","data_only agreement 75.2% (100 of 133 decidable).","48 record(s) could not be decided from title and abstract and were excluded from the denominator.","56 analysis-only records were published under another work type, so the data_only share is not an upper bound."],"claim":"Published automatable decision","gloss":"This figure has been checked against a human reading the same papers, so we know how often it is right.","detail":"The published automatable / not-automatable distribution comes from a rule-based classifier that was hand-checked against a fixed ground-truth definition. The agreement rates below are measured, not estimated. The three-way work type remains a diagnostic and is reported separately.","status":"measured","severity":"high"},{"code":"llm_comparison_not_measured","basis":["rule_based_v1+lex99e1195c7d6f produced 5,529 of 5,529 classifications.","Measured on 438 labelled records; these are RULE-BASED figures, not model results."],"claim":"Rule-based versus LLM agreement","gloss":"Every number here is the rule engine’s own. Model comparison begins when a working API credential is connected and measured.","detail":"The published two-way decision agreed with a human reading on 310 of 399 decidable records (77.7%). The diagnostic three-way label agreed on 288 of 390 decidable records (73.9%). Every percentage in this run belongs to the rule engine. Model comparison begins when a working API credential is connected and measured.","status":"not_measured","severity":"high"},{"code":"confidence_is_a_band","basis":["low band: 135 of 210 hand-judged records were correct, 64.3% [57.6, 70.5] (95% CI).","medium band: 80 of 104 hand-judged records were correct, 76.9% [68.0, 84.0] (95% CI).","high band: 73 of 76 hand-judged records were correct, 96.0% [89.0, 98.7] (95% CI).","A fitted calibrated probability was built, measured and withdrawn: it overstated held-out accuracy and reorders nothing."],"claim":"Confidence band and evidence score","gloss":"The confidence band carries a measured accuracy interval; 0.85 represents relative rank strength.","detail":"Confidence on this run is a BAND plus its measured accuracy interval. The number stored alongside each record is a monotone evidence score that orders records; 0.85 represents relative rank strength. A fitted probability was withdrawn after it overstated held-out accuracy. Threshold on the band.","status":"measured","severity":"medium"},{"code":"three_way_split_is_diagnostic","basis":["The corpus is published at the two-way decision: automatable or not-automatable. The three-way split (data_only / physical / mixed) is published as a diagnostic with its measured reliability attached, not as a claim, because the rule engine's `mixed` call cannot be defended.","The engine called 22 record(s) mixed; 10 matched the human judgement (45.5%, 95% CI 26.9-65.3).","The engine's `mixed` call is right on 10/22 hand-judged records (45.5%, 95% CI 26.9%-65.3%); a constant `physical` guess scores 36.4%.","The engine's `mixed` call does not reliably beat a constant `physical` guess on the hand-judged records it labels mixed.","The sign of that difference flips between two independent samples, so the three-way refinement is not demonstrably informative.","The mixed stratum contributes a disproportionate share of errors relative to its size.","At title-only depth the physical/mixed split collapses: a title says that work was done, not whether it was also analysed."],"claim":"The published decision is two-way","gloss":"The three-way split is shown for diagnosis only. The published split is two ways.","detail":"Count and filter the corpus on automatable versus not-automatable. The data_only / physical / mixed split remains an internal engine diagnostic because the mixed call has lower measured reliability.","status":"measured","severity":"medium"},{"code":"automatable_flag_unproven","basis":["6 of 29 assay families are marked automatable now: meta_analysis, machine_learning, survival_analysis, pca, molecular_docking, differential_expression.","The flag is a rule over assay family and work type; validation begins with the first executed replication.","It inherits the 75.2% data_only agreement rate, because the flag requires the record to be analysis-only."],"claim":"Automatable now","gloss":"This flag marks assay families the rules classify as data-only. The first executed replication will validate it.","detail":"This flag marks families the rules consider replicable from data alone. Its validity depends on the analysis-only classification and will be measured through an executed replication.","status":"unverified","severity":"medium"}],"confidence_policy":"band_with_measured_interval","confidence_contract":{"policy":"band_with_measured_interval","summary":"Confidence is reported as a BAND with a measured accuracy interval. The raw evidence score supplies monotone ordering. A fitted point estimate was withdrawn after it overstated held-out accuracy.","evidence_score":"A monotone evidence score in [0,1] built from cue mass, axis separation and text coverage. Use it to order records. Interpret 0.85 as relative rank strength.","confidence_band":"low | medium | high. Consumers threshold on this value.","band_accuracy":"Wilson 95% interval on the measured agreement of the hand-judged records in this band.","calibrated_confidence":"WITHDRAWN. Reintroduction requires held-out evidence demonstrating reliable estimates across every bin."},"band_accuracy":{"low":{"n":210,"low":0.576,"band":"low","high":0.7046,"agree":135,"accuracy":0.6429},"high":{"n":76,"low":0.8903,"band":"high","high":0.9865,"agree":73,"accuracy":0.9605},"medium":{"n":104,"low":0.6795,"band":"medium","high":0.8397,"agree":80,"accuracy":0.7692}},"provider":"rule_based_v1+lex99e1195c7d6f","lexicon_id":"99e1195c7d6f","contract_published_at":"2026-10-23T12:25:29.022232+00:00","confidence_is_band":true,"confidence_is_probability":false,"decision_taxonomy":"two_way","decidable_fraction_two_way":0.8854,"decidable_fraction_two_way_low":0.8565,"decidable_fraction_two_way_high":0.9143,"decidable_fraction_three_way":0.8586,"decidable_fraction_three_way_low":0.8287,"decidable_fraction_three_way_high":0.8884,"decidable_population":5529,"validation_sample_size":438,"three_way_cost_fraction":0.0268,"three_way_cost_records":148,"decision_counts":{"automatable":230,"not_automatable":5299},"decision_split":{"automatable":{"count":230,"share":0.04159884246699222},"not_automatable":{"count":5299,"share":0.9584011575330078}},"diagnostic_work_type_counts":{"mixed":24,"physical":5275,"data_only":230}}}