{"data":{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:26484228", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 6, "content_hash": "sha256:861dc73db3b21059ed02333895d0db0a45e53b582e608576c2b0f108b417944b", "created_at": "2026-11-01T15:40:12Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T21:20:12Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Whole transcriptome microarrays identify long non-coding RNAs associated with cardiac hypertrophy.", "doi": "10.1016/j.gdata.2015.05.014", "pmid": "26484228", "authors": ["Lu Zhang", "Eman A Hamad", "Mélanie Vausort", "Hajime Funakoshi", "Nathalie Nicot", "Petr V Nazarov", "Laurent Vallar", "Arthur M Feldman", "Daniel R Wagner", "Yvan Devaux"], "journal": "Genomics data", "year": 2015, "abstract": "Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently emerged as a novel group of non-coding RNAs able to regulate gene expression. While their role in cardiac disease is only starting to be understood, their involvement in cardiac hypertrophy is poorly known. We studied the association between lncRNAs and left ventricular hypertrophy using whole transcriptome microarrays. Wild-type mice and mice overexpressing the adenosine A2A receptor were subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) to induce left ventricular hypertrophy. Expression profiles of lncRNAs in the heart were characterized using genome-wide microarrays. An analytical pipeline was specifically developed to extract lncRNA data from microarrays. We identified 2 lncRNAs up-regulated and 3 lncRNAs down-regulated in the hearts of A2A-receptor overexpressing-mice subjected to TAC compared to wild-type mice. Differential expression of these 2 lncRNAs was validated by quantitative PCR. Complete microarray dataset is available at Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/) under the accession number GSE45423. Here, we describe in details the experimental design, microarray performance and analysis.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "Normalized data were analyzed using the t-test procedure within Significance Analysis of Microarrays software (version 3.09) [3] to identify differentially expressed transcripts.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:26484228", "locator": "sections[6] \"Differential expression\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Normalized data were analyzed using the t-test procedure within Significance Analysis of Microarrays software (version 3.09) [3] to identify differentially expressed transcripts."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "Complete microarray dataset is available at Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/) under the accession number GSE45423.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:26484228", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 1", "quote": "Complete microarray dataset is available at Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/) under the accession number GSE45423."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "Using a t-test within Significance Analysis of Microarrays (q-value < 5%), the study identified 2 lncRNAs up-regulated and 3 down-regulated in TAC-treated A2A-receptor-overexpressing mice, with the complete dataset available through GEO under accession GSE45423.", "kind": "quantitative", "target": {"value": 5.0, "unit": "per cent", "tolerance": null, "source": "Normalized data were analyzed using the t-test procedure within Significance Analysis of Microarrays software (version 3.09) [3] to identify differentially expressed transcripts. Transcripts with q-value < 5% were considered as statistically significant."}, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:26484228", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 1", "quote": "We identified 2 lncRNAs up-regulated and 3 lncRNAs down-regulated in the hearts of A2A-receptor overexpressing-mice subjected to TAC compared to wild-type mice."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:26484228", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 1", "quote": "Complete microarray dataset is available at Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/) under the accession number GSE45423."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:26484228", "locator": "sections[6] \"Differential expression\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Normalized data were analyzed using the t-test procedure within Significance Analysis of Microarrays software (version 3.09) [3] to identify differentially expressed transcripts. Transcripts with q-value < 5% were considered as statistically significant."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:26484228", "locator": "sections[2] \"Direct link to deposited data\" paragraph 2", "quote": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?&acc=GSE45423."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "Using a t-test within Significance Analysis of Microarrays (q-value < 5%), the study identified 2 lncRNAs up-regulated and 3 down-regulated in TAC-treated A2A-receptor-overexpressing mice, with the complete dataset available through GEO under accession GSE45423.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:26484228"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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Hearts were harvested after 14 weeks. Affymetrix Mouse Gene 1.0 ST Array which contains 28,853 transcripts was used to identify differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) between wild type and A2A receptor transgenic mice."], ["Consent", "Not applicable"], ["Sample source location", "Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA"]], "row_count": 9, "column_count": 2, "numeric_cells": 2, "header_rows": 1, "locator": "section[1]/table-wrap[1]#t0015"}}], "gaps": ["asset:data:geo:GSE45423 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE45423 licence not read"]}, "analysis": {"state": "partial", "methods": [{"id": "method-1", "family": null, "specific": null, "label": "t-test procedure within Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM) software", "dsl_operations": [], "missing_operations": [], "expressible": null, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": [], "evidence": {"score": 1.0, "band": "verbatim", "quote": "Normalized data were analyzed using the t-test procedure within Significance Analysis of Microarrays software (version 3.09) [3] to identify differentially expressed transcripts."}}], "targets": [{"id": "target-published-estimate", "claim_id": "claim-target-result", "operation": null, "expected_value": 5.0, "unit": "per cent", "tolerance": null, "state": "complete", "note": "The published estimate as the reader quoted it from the paper. 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Complete microarray dataset is available at Gene Expression Omni", "describe in details the experimental design, microarray performance and analysis."], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:1016", "id": "assay:1"}, {"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "animal_model", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.99, "evidence": ["a 27-gauge needle as a guide. After 4 weeks, mice were sacrificed and hearts were harvested and deep frozen. A", "and methods Biological samples Six male FVB mice were subjected to transverse aortic constriction", "ne A2A receptor (A2A-Tg) and the three other mice were wild type (Wt) littermates. Generation of th", "a 27-gauge needle as a guide. 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Procurement counts are dependencies, not guaranteed replications or financial returns.","Tier and blocker counts are deterministic assessments of this corpus, not measured agreement. R3 is reserved for procurement; unresolved methods and data require human work (R4). The most restrictive axis wins, with capability, method, data as tie-breaks. Resolving one blocker can leave another at the same tier."],"engine":"corpus_engine","engine_provider":"rule_based_v1+lex99e1195c7d6f","run_id":"run-20261023T122449232913","source":"esearch","source_detail":"PubMed mirror biomed_pubmed (read-only)","run_status":"complete","imported_at":"2026-11-03T20:16:52+00:00","generated_at":"2026-11-04T02:15:47+00:00","total_papers":5529,"total_assays_tracked":29,"automatable_assay_families":6,"validated":true,"caveat_count":9,"blocking_caveats":5,"caveats":[{"code":"low_evidence_dominates","basis":["4,152 of 5,529 classifications (75.1%) matched no cue evidence and sit at the 0.05 floor.","34 of 230 data_only calls (14.8%) are in that group."],"claim":"Work type and confidence bands","gloss":"Most records were classified from their title and framing alone, with assay-cue coverage at zero.","detail":"Most classifications in this run rest on no matched evidence at all. At the evidence floor the work type comes from title framing and a fixed prior, not from anything in the paper, so the published work-type split should be read as a rough triage signal rather than a measured distribution. The impact is bounded but not removed: since 2026-10-23 the engine excludes floor-confidence records from the shortlist entirely and publishes them separately as held out, so the recommendation is unaffected even though the census is.","status":"unverified","severity":"high"},{"code":"runtime_is_modelled","basis":["Runtime is summed from published per-assay hour figures. Timing awaits the first executed replication.","4,407 of 5,529 records (79.7%) model to 0.00 hours because no assay was matched, which the ranking then reads as \"cheapest\".","0 of 10 shortlisted records carry a 0.00-hour estimate."],"claim":"Estimated replication runtime","gloss":"The hour figures are estimates built from assay mentions; timing awaits the first executed replication.","detail":"The hour figures are a cost model derived from the bench steps implied by each matched assay family. The first executed replication will supply measured timing. Records without an assay match currently receive a zero-hour model value.","status":"unverified","severity":"high"},{"code":"signal_score_without_citations","basis":["5,529 of 5,529 records (100.0%) have no citation count from the source metadata."],"claim":"Signal score","gloss":"The signal score uses publication-type weight because the mirror supplied zero citation counts.","detail":"The source supplied no citation counts for any record in this run, so the signal score is publication-type weight only. The citation term of the ranking is inert here, and the shortlist is ordered by publication type alone.","status":"unverified","severity":"high"},{"code":"abstract_absent","basis":["1,667 of 5,529 records (30.2%) carry no abstract at all."],"claim":"Evidence base for classification","gloss":"Some records contain a title and publication type only, defining the available classification evidence.","detail":"Where the mirror contains a title and publication types only, those fields define the classifier evidence. A methods section is required for fuller automated and human review.","status":"unverified","severity":"medium"},{"code":"classifier_agreement_measured","basis":["Published two-way decision agreement 77.7% (310 of 399 decidable records) from a stratified hand-check of 438 real records.","Three-way diagnostic agreement 73.9% (288 of 390 decidable records).","data_only agreement 75.2% (100 of 133 decidable).","48 record(s) could not be decided from title and abstract and were excluded from the denominator.","56 analysis-only records were published under another work type, so the data_only share is not an upper bound."],"claim":"Published automatable decision","gloss":"This figure has been checked against a human reading the same papers, so we know how often it is right.","detail":"The published automatable / not-automatable distribution comes from a rule-based classifier that was hand-checked against a fixed ground-truth definition. The agreement rates below are measured, not estimated. The three-way work type remains a diagnostic and is reported separately.","status":"measured","severity":"high"},{"code":"llm_comparison_not_measured","basis":["rule_based_v1+lex99e1195c7d6f produced 5,529 of 5,529 classifications.","Measured on 438 labelled records; these are RULE-BASED figures, not model results."],"claim":"Rule-based versus LLM agreement","gloss":"Every number here is the rule engine’s own. Model comparison begins when a working API credential is connected and measured.","detail":"The published two-way decision agreed with a human reading on 310 of 399 decidable records (77.7%). The diagnostic three-way label agreed on 288 of 390 decidable records (73.9%). Every percentage in this run belongs to the rule engine. Model comparison begins when a working API credential is connected and measured.","status":"not_measured","severity":"high"},{"code":"confidence_is_a_band","basis":["low band: 135 of 210 hand-judged records were correct, 64.3% [57.6, 70.5] (95% CI).","medium band: 80 of 104 hand-judged records were correct, 76.9% [68.0, 84.0] (95% CI).","high band: 73 of 76 hand-judged records were correct, 96.0% [89.0, 98.7] (95% CI).","A fitted calibrated probability was built, measured and withdrawn: it overstated held-out accuracy and reorders nothing."],"claim":"Confidence band and evidence score","gloss":"The confidence band carries a measured accuracy interval; 0.85 represents relative rank strength.","detail":"Confidence on this run is a BAND plus its measured accuracy interval. The number stored alongside each record is a monotone evidence score that orders records; 0.85 represents relative rank strength. A fitted probability was withdrawn after it overstated held-out accuracy. Threshold on the band.","status":"measured","severity":"medium"},{"code":"three_way_split_is_diagnostic","basis":["The corpus is published at the two-way decision: automatable or not-automatable. The three-way split (data_only / physical / mixed) is published as a diagnostic with its measured reliability attached, not as a claim, because the rule engine's `mixed` call cannot be defended.","The engine called 22 record(s) mixed; 10 matched the human judgement (45.5%, 95% CI 26.9-65.3).","The engine's `mixed` call is right on 10/22 hand-judged records (45.5%, 95% CI 26.9%-65.3%); a constant `physical` guess scores 36.4%.","The engine's `mixed` call does not reliably beat a constant `physical` guess on the hand-judged records it labels mixed.","The sign of that difference flips between two independent samples, so the three-way refinement is not demonstrably informative.","The mixed stratum contributes a disproportionate share of errors relative to its size.","At title-only depth the physical/mixed split collapses: a title says that work was done, not whether it was also analysed."],"claim":"The published decision is two-way","gloss":"The three-way split is shown for diagnosis only. The published split is two ways.","detail":"Count and filter the corpus on automatable versus not-automatable. The data_only / physical / mixed split remains an internal engine diagnostic because the mixed call has lower measured reliability.","status":"measured","severity":"medium"},{"code":"automatable_flag_unproven","basis":["6 of 29 assay families are marked automatable now: meta_analysis, machine_learning, survival_analysis, pca, molecular_docking, differential_expression.","The flag is a rule over assay family and work type; validation begins with the first executed replication.","It inherits the 75.2% data_only agreement rate, because the flag requires the record to be analysis-only."],"claim":"Automatable now","gloss":"This flag marks assay families the rules classify as data-only. The first executed replication will validate it.","detail":"This flag marks families the rules consider replicable from data alone. Its validity depends on the analysis-only classification and will be measured through an executed replication.","status":"unverified","severity":"medium"}],"confidence_policy":"band_with_measured_interval","confidence_contract":{"policy":"band_with_measured_interval","summary":"Confidence is reported as a BAND with a measured accuracy interval. The raw evidence score supplies monotone ordering. A fitted point estimate was withdrawn after it overstated held-out accuracy.","evidence_score":"A monotone evidence score in [0,1] built from cue mass, axis separation and text coverage. Use it to order records. Interpret 0.85 as relative rank strength.","confidence_band":"low | medium | high. Consumers threshold on this value.","band_accuracy":"Wilson 95% interval on the measured agreement of the hand-judged records in this band.","calibrated_confidence":"WITHDRAWN. 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