{"data":{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:31616474", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 7, "content_hash": "sha256:4a9d7bfdaa9c1acc7d653309d945c9bbc47414f27d8a1d6f2c0eeb80a6696906", "created_at": "2026-11-01T15:40:50Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:00:54Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "MUDENG Expression Profiling in Cohorts and Brain Tumor Biospecimens to Evaluate Its Role in Cancer.", "doi": "10.3389/fgene.2019.00884", "pmid": "31616474", "authors": ["Juhyun Shin", "Jun-Ha Choi", "Seunghwa Jung", "Somi Jeong", "Jeongheon Oh", "Do-Young Yoon", "Man Hee Rhee", "Jaehong Ahn", "Se-Hyuk Kim", "Jae-Wook Oh"], "journal": "Frontiers in genetics", "year": 2019, "abstract": "Mu-2-related death-inducing gene (MUDENG, MuD) has been reported to be involved in the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-associated apoptotic pathway of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells; however, its expression level, interactors, and role in tumors are yet to be discovered. To investigate whether MuD expression correlates with cancer progression, we analyzed The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database using UALCAN and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). Differential expression of MuD was detected in 6 and 10 cancer types, respectively. Validation performed using data from the Gene Expression Omnibus database showed that MuD expression is downregulated in KIRC tumor and correlate with higher chance of survival. Upregulation of MuD expression in GBM tumors was detected through GEPIA and high MuD expression correlated with higher survival in proneural GBM, whereas the opposite was observed in classical GBM subtype. GBM biospecimens analysis shows that MuD protein level was upregulated in three of six specimens, whereas mRNA level remained relatively unaltered. Therefore, MuD may exert differential effects according to subtypes, and/or be subjected to post-translational regulation in GBM. Correlation analysis between GBM cohort database and experiments using GBM cell lines revealed its positive effect on regulation of protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B'Epsilon (PPP2R5E) and son of sevenless homolog 2 (SOS2). STRING database analysis indicated that the components of adaptor protein complexes putatively interacted with MuD but showed no correlation in terms of survival of patients with different GBM subtypes. In summary, we analyzed the expression of MuD in publicly available cancer patient data sets, GBM cell lines, and biospecimens to demonstrate its potential role as a biomarker for cancer prognosis and identified its candidate interacting molecules.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "Cox proportional hazard analysis was performed with GBM-BioDP provided at the Glioblastoma Bio Discovery Portal (https://gbm-biodp.nci.nih.gov/) (Celiku et al., 2014).", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:31616474", "locator": "sections[4] \"Statistical Analysis\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Cox proportional hazard analysis was performed with GBM-BioDP provided at the Glioblastoma Bio Discovery Portal (https://gbm-biodp.nci.nih.gov/) (Celiku et al., 2014)."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The datasets generated for this study are available on request to the corresponding author.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:31616474", "locator": "sections[18] \"Data Availability\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The datasets generated for this study are available on request to the corresponding author."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "partial", "objective": null, "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:31616474"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "blocked", "blocked_on": "data:accession_absent", "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": [], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": [], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": ["step:obtain_source_data blocked on data:accession_absent"]}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:31616474", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2019.00884", "sha256": "sha256:b87909c971ff44c51732d0c3548302ba8a3430c5ef8a42ecef2341a77a4826db", "bytes": 50143, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "10.3389/fgene.2019.00884", "version": null, "note": "Full article fetched from PMC; the checksum covers the rendered section body, not the original XML bytes.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC6763691", "source": "europe_pmc_fulltext", "coverage": "whole_body", "text_hash_scope": "rendered_section_body"}}, {"id": "asset:table:pmid:31616474:1", "role": "table", "format": "jats-table", "media_type": "application/vnd.jats.table+json", "uri": null, "sha256": "sha256:415074d77153faad007696ca352403c85eb19bc1ce902fc2542c648e77764706", "bytes": 2088, "access": "open", "state": "verified", "reader": "read_table", "reader_status": "available", "identifier": "section[5]/table-wrap[1]#T1", "version": null, "note": "Differential MuD expression and survival correlation revealed by UALCAN and GEPIA.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC6763691", "section_index": 5, "section_title": "Sample Collection From Human Brain Tumors", "row_count": 33, "column_count": 8}, "table": {"label": "Table 1", "caption": "Differential MuD expression and survival correlation revealed by UALCAN and GEPIA.", "rows": [["", "Project name", "UALCAN", "GEPIA", "GR(U)", "GRG)", "S (U)", "S (G)"], ["BRCA", "Breast invasive carcinoma", "N (n = 114)", "N (n = 291)", "NS", "NS", "C", "No"], ["T (n = 1094)", "T (n = 1085)", "(HL)"], ["CHOL", "Cholengiocarcinoma", "N (n = 9)", "N (n = 9)", "Up", "NS", "No", "No"], ["T (n = 36)", "T (n = 36)"], ["COAD", "Colon adenocarcinoma", "N (n = 41)", "N (n = 349)", "Down", "NS", "No", "No"], ["T (n = 286)", "T (n = 275)"], ["DLBC", "Lymphoid neoplasm diffuse large B-cell lymphoma", "–", "N (n = 337)", "–", "Up", "No", "No"], ["T (n = 47)"], ["ESCA", "Esophageal carcinoma", "N (n = 11)", "N (n = 286)", "Up", "Up", "No", "No"], ["T (n = 184)", "T (n = 182)"], ["GBM", "Glioblastoma multiforme", "N (n = 5)", "N (n = 207)", "–", "Up", "No", "No"], ["T (n = 156)", "T (n = 163)"], ["KICH", "Kidney chromophobe", "N (n = 25)", "N (n = 53)", "NS", "Up", "No", "No"], ["T (n = 67)", "T (n = 66)"], ["KIRC", "Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma", "N (n = 72)", "N (n = 100)", "Down", "Down", ".C", "C"], ["T (n = 533)", "T (n = 523)", "(HH)", "(HH)"], ["KIRP", "Kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma", "N (n = 32)", "N (n = 60)", "Down", "NS", "No", "No"], ["T (n = 290)", "T (n = 286)"], ["LGG", "Lower-grade glioma", "N (n = 248)", "N (n = 207)", "NS", "Up", "No", "No"], ["T (n = 265)", "T (n = 518)"], ["LUAD", "Lung adenocarcinoma", "N (n = 29)", "N (n = 347)", "NS", "NS", "C", "No"], ["T (n = 519)", "T (n = 483)", "(HL)"], ["OV", "Ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma", "–", "N (n = 88)", "–", "Up", "No", "No"], ["T (n = 426)"], ["PAAD", "Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma", "N (n = 4)", "N (n = 171)", "NS", "Up", "No", "No"], ["T (n = 178)", "T (n = 179)"], ["READ", "Rectum adenocarcinoma", "N (n = 11)", "N (n = 92)", "Down", "NS", "No", "No"], ["T (n = 166)", "T (n = 318)"], ["STAD", "Stomach adenocarcinoma", "N (n = 34)", "N (n = 34)", "NS", "Up", "No", "No"], ["T (n = 415)", "T (n = 415)"], ["THYM", "Thymoma", "N (n = 2)", "N (n = 339)", "NS", "Up", "No", "No"], ["T (n = 120)", "T (n = 118)"]], "row_count": 33, "column_count": 8, "numeric_cells": 60, "header_rows": 1, "locator": "section[5]/table-wrap[1]#T1"}}, {"id": "asset:table:pmid:31616474:2", "role": "table", "format": "jats-table", "media_type": "application/vnd.jats.table+json", "uri": null, "sha256": "sha256:3dac197bb1793d5d0337b1e9ff78511cf48fbccc7730e54311fdb4006982a6b0", "bytes": 1272, "access": "open", "state": "verified", "reader": "read_table", "reader_status": "available", "identifier": "section[16]/table-wrap[1]#T2", "version": null, "note": "Clinical characteristics of patients with brain tumor in this study. GB, glioblastoma; ODG, oligodendroglioma; ED, ependymoma.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC6763691", "section_index": 16, "section_title": "Expression Analysis Revealed Putative Post-Translational Regulation of MuD", "row_count": 13, "column_count": 9}, "table": {"label": "Table 2", "caption": "Clinical characteristics of patients with brain tumor in this study. GB, glioblastoma; ODG, oligodendroglioma; ED, ependymoma.", "rows": [["Patients", "Tissue", "Tissue bcode", "Diagnosis", "WHO grade", "Age", "Gender", "Tissue", "Comment"], ["1", "ANC-13-0005", "25502083", "GB", "4", "81–85", "Male", "Pair", "High necrosis rate"], ["2", "ANC-13-0028", "25502722", "GB", "4", "81–85", "Female", "Pair", "–"], ["3", "ANC-13-0018", "25680967", "GB", "4", "61–65", "Female", "Pair", "–"], ["4", "ANC-13-0019", "25371685", "GB", "4", "61–65", "Male", "Pair", "–"], ["5", "ANC-13-0027", "25333994", "GB", "4", "71–75", "Female", "Pair", "–"], ["6", "ANC-13-0052", "25072638", "GB", "4", "56–60", "Female", "Pair", "–"], ["7", "ANC-13-0014", "25502189", "GB", "4", "71–75", "Male", "Tumor", "–"], ["8", "ANC-13-0022", "25502458", "GB", "4", "76–80", "Female", "Tumor", "–"], ["9", "ANC-14-0032", "25756981", "GB", "4", "41–45", "Male", "Tumor", "–"], ["10", "ANC-15-0009", "25227244", "GB", "4", "56–60", "Male", "Tumor", "–"], ["11", "ANC-14-0041", "25537678", "ODG", "2", "36–40", "Female", "Tumor", "Low tumor cells percentage"], ["12", "ANC-15-0061", "25022741", "ED", "2", "51–55", "Female", "Tumor", "–"]], "row_count": 13, "column_count": 9, "numeric_cells": 60, "header_rows": 1, "locator": "section[16]/table-wrap[1]#T2"}}], "gaps": []}, "analysis": {"state": "partial", "methods": [{"id": "method-1", "family": "principal_component_analysis", "specific": "pca", "label": "Principal component analysis", "dsl_operations": ["pca_fit"], "missing_operations": [], "expressible": true, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": ["wide_numeric_matrix"], "evidence": {"score": 0.8, "band": "high", "quote": "PCA"}}, {"id": "method-2", "family": "differential_expression", "specific": "limma_voom", "label": "Differential expression analysis", "dsl_operations": ["normalise_counts", "differential_expression_fit", "fdr_bh"], "missing_operations": [], "expressible": true, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": ["count_matrix_with_condition"], "evidence": {"score": 0.8, "band": "high", "quote": "limma"}}, {"id": "method-3", "family": null, "specific": null, "label": "Cox proportional hazard analysis", "dsl_operations": [], "missing_operations": [], "expressible": null, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": [], "evidence": {"score": 1.0, "band": "verbatim", "quote": "Cox proportional hazard analysis was performed with GBM-BioDP provided at the Glioblastoma Bio Discovery Portal (https://gbm-biodp.nci.nih.gov/) (Celiku et al., 2014)."}}], "targets": [], "gaps": ["method.reader_named_unmapped"]}, "capability": {"state": "complete", "requirements": [{"capability_id": "capability:computational_analysis", "label": "Computational analysis platform", "assay_families": ["meta_analysis", "machine_learning", "survival_analysis", "statistical_regression", "pca", "molecular_docking", "network_analysis", "differential_expression", "gwas"], "availability_state": "owned", "tier_unlocked": "R1", "candidate": "Automated Assays Laravel application and simulated adapters"}], "gaps": []}, "readiness": {"state": "blocked", "tier": "R4", "blocking_axis": "data", "blocked_on": "data:accession_absent", "axes": {"method": {"tier": "R1", "expressible": true, "required_operations": ["pca_fit"], "missing_operations": [], "basis": "The paper names the method it used and the corpus's method extractor maps it onto the DSL catalogue: pca."}, "capability": {"tier": "R1", "capability_id": "capability:computational_analysis", "availability_state": "owned", "basis": "The computational analysis is owned. 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The microarray data from E-GEOD-53757 and E-GEOD-070951 pro"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:2855", "id": "assay:2"}, {"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "qpcr", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.99, "evidence": ["time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunoblot data. Sample Collection From", "e quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunoblot data. Sample Collection From"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:3644", "id": "assay:3"}, {"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "western_blot", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.93, "evidence": ["tive polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunoblot data. Sample Collection From Human Brain Tum"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:3657", "id": "assay:4"}, {"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "transfection", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.99, "evidence": ["e (C1) and GFP-MuD (C1MuD) were generated by transfection using Lipofectamine 2000 and subsequently se", "larly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 plasmid SpCas9-2A-puro (PX459) V 2.0 p", "RNA 5′-ACACTAATTAGTGGCGGACG-3′ designed with CRISPR DESIGN (http://crispr.mit.edu/). U251-MG cel", "GGACG-3′ designed with CRISPR DESIGN (http://crispr.mit.edu/). 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Unrecognised or ambiguous methods require review.","Data reachability is a textual accession or public-data statement. No dataset was downloaded or checked for access, completeness or licence.","Capabilities are planning states seeded from the dated equipment register. No bench ownership, completed quote or partner booking is inferred. Procurement counts are dependencies, not guaranteed replications or financial returns.","Tier and blocker counts are deterministic assessments of this corpus, not measured agreement. R3 is reserved for procurement; unresolved methods and data require human work (R4). The most restrictive axis wins, with capability, method, data as tie-breaks. 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At the evidence floor the work type comes from title framing and a fixed prior, not from anything in the paper, so the published work-type split should be read as a rough triage signal rather than a measured distribution. The impact is bounded but not removed: since 2026-10-23 the engine excludes floor-confidence records from the shortlist entirely and publishes them separately as held out, so the recommendation is unaffected even though the census is.","status":"unverified","severity":"high"},{"code":"runtime_is_modelled","basis":["Runtime is summed from published per-assay hour figures. Timing awaits the first executed replication.","4,407 of 5,529 records (79.7%) model to 0.00 hours because no assay was matched, which the ranking then reads as \"cheapest\".","0 of 10 shortlisted records carry a 0.00-hour estimate."],"claim":"Estimated replication runtime","gloss":"The hour figures are estimates built from assay mentions; timing awaits the first executed replication.","detail":"The hour figures are a cost model derived from the bench steps implied by each matched assay family. The first executed replication will supply measured timing. Records without an assay match currently receive a zero-hour model value.","status":"unverified","severity":"high"},{"code":"signal_score_without_citations","basis":["5,529 of 5,529 records (100.0%) have no citation count from the source metadata."],"claim":"Signal score","gloss":"The signal score uses publication-type weight because the mirror supplied zero citation counts.","detail":"The source supplied no citation counts for any record in this run, so the signal score is publication-type weight only. The citation term of the ranking is inert here, and the shortlist is ordered by publication type alone.","status":"unverified","severity":"high"},{"code":"abstract_absent","basis":["1,667 of 5,529 records (30.2%) carry no abstract at all."],"claim":"Evidence base for classification","gloss":"Some records contain a title and publication type only, defining the available classification evidence.","detail":"Where the mirror contains a title and publication types only, those fields define the classifier evidence. A methods section is required for fuller automated and human review.","status":"unverified","severity":"medium"},{"code":"classifier_agreement_measured","basis":["Published two-way decision agreement 77.7% (310 of 399 decidable records) from a stratified hand-check of 438 real records.","Three-way diagnostic agreement 73.9% (288 of 390 decidable records).","data_only agreement 75.2% (100 of 133 decidable).","48 record(s) could not be decided from title and abstract and were excluded from the denominator.","56 analysis-only records were published under another work type, so the data_only share is not an upper bound."],"claim":"Published automatable decision","gloss":"This figure has been checked against a human reading the same papers, so we know how often it is right.","detail":"The published automatable / not-automatable distribution comes from a rule-based classifier that was hand-checked against a fixed ground-truth definition. The agreement rates below are measured, not estimated. The three-way work type remains a diagnostic and is reported separately.","status":"measured","severity":"high"},{"code":"llm_comparison_not_measured","basis":["rule_based_v1+lex99e1195c7d6f produced 5,529 of 5,529 classifications.","Measured on 438 labelled records; these are RULE-BASED figures, not model results."],"claim":"Rule-based versus LLM agreement","gloss":"Every number here is the rule engine’s own. Model comparison begins when a working API credential is connected and measured.","detail":"The published two-way decision agreed with a human reading on 310 of 399 decidable records (77.7%). The diagnostic three-way label agreed on 288 of 390 decidable records (73.9%). Every percentage in this run belongs to the rule engine. Model comparison begins when a working API credential is connected and measured.","status":"not_measured","severity":"high"},{"code":"confidence_is_a_band","basis":["low band: 135 of 210 hand-judged records were correct, 64.3% [57.6, 70.5] (95% CI).","medium band: 80 of 104 hand-judged records were correct, 76.9% [68.0, 84.0] (95% CI).","high band: 73 of 76 hand-judged records were correct, 96.0% [89.0, 98.7] (95% CI).","A fitted calibrated probability was built, measured and withdrawn: it overstated held-out accuracy and reorders nothing."],"claim":"Confidence band and evidence score","gloss":"The confidence band carries a measured accuracy interval; 0.85 represents relative rank strength.","detail":"Confidence on this run is a BAND plus its measured accuracy interval. The number stored alongside each record is a monotone evidence score that orders records; 0.85 represents relative rank strength. A fitted probability was withdrawn after it overstated held-out accuracy. Threshold on the band.","status":"measured","severity":"medium"},{"code":"three_way_split_is_diagnostic","basis":["The corpus is published at the two-way decision: automatable or not-automatable. The three-way split (data_only / physical / mixed) is published as a diagnostic with its measured reliability attached, not as a claim, because the rule engine's `mixed` call cannot be defended.","The engine called 22 record(s) mixed; 10 matched the human judgement (45.5%, 95% CI 26.9-65.3).","The engine's `mixed` call is right on 10/22 hand-judged records (45.5%, 95% CI 26.9%-65.3%); a constant `physical` guess scores 36.4%.","The engine's `mixed` call does not reliably beat a constant `physical` guess on the hand-judged records it labels mixed.","The sign of that difference flips between two independent samples, so the three-way refinement is not demonstrably informative.","The mixed stratum contributes a disproportionate share of errors relative to its size.","At title-only depth the physical/mixed split collapses: a title says that work was done, not whether it was also analysed."],"claim":"The published decision is two-way","gloss":"The three-way split is shown for diagnosis only. The published split is two ways.","detail":"Count and filter the corpus on automatable versus not-automatable. The data_only / physical / mixed split remains an internal engine diagnostic because the mixed call has lower measured reliability.","status":"measured","severity":"medium"},{"code":"automatable_flag_unproven","basis":["6 of 29 assay families are marked automatable now: meta_analysis, machine_learning, survival_analysis, pca, molecular_docking, differential_expression.","The flag is a rule over assay family and work type; validation begins with the first executed replication.","It inherits the 75.2% data_only agreement rate, because the flag requires the record to be analysis-only."],"claim":"Automatable now","gloss":"This flag marks assay families the rules classify as data-only. The first executed replication will validate it.","detail":"This flag marks families the rules consider replicable from data alone. Its validity depends on the analysis-only classification and will be measured through an executed replication.","status":"unverified","severity":"medium"}],"confidence_policy":"band_with_measured_interval","confidence_contract":{"policy":"band_with_measured_interval","summary":"Confidence is reported as a BAND with a measured accuracy interval. The raw evidence score supplies monotone ordering. A fitted point estimate was withdrawn after it overstated held-out accuracy.","evidence_score":"A monotone evidence score in [0,1] built from cue mass, axis separation and text coverage. Use it to order records. Interpret 0.85 as relative rank strength.","confidence_band":"low | medium | high. Consumers threshold on this value.","band_accuracy":"Wilson 95% interval on the measured agreement of the hand-judged records in this band.","calibrated_confidence":"WITHDRAWN. Reintroduction requires held-out evidence demonstrating reliable estimates across every bin."},"band_accuracy":{"low":{"n":210,"low":0.576,"band":"low","high":0.7046,"agree":135,"accuracy":0.6429},"high":{"n":76,"low":0.8903,"band":"high","high":0.9865,"agree":73,"accuracy":0.9605},"medium":{"n":104,"low":0.6795,"band":"medium","high":0.8397,"agree":80,"accuracy":0.7692}},"provider":"rule_based_v1+lex99e1195c7d6f","lexicon_id":"99e1195c7d6f","contract_published_at":"2026-10-23T12:25:29.022232+00:00","confidence_is_band":true,"confidence_is_probability":false,"decision_taxonomy":"two_way","decidable_fraction_two_way":0.8854,"decidable_fraction_two_way_low":0.8565,"decidable_fraction_two_way_high":0.9143,"decidable_fraction_three_way":0.8586,"decidable_fraction_three_way_low":0.8287,"decidable_fraction_three_way_high":0.8884,"decidable_population":5529,"validation_sample_size":438,"three_way_cost_fraction":0.0268,"three_way_cost_records":148,"decision_counts":{"automatable":230,"not_automatable":5299},"decision_split":{"automatable":{"count":230,"share":0.04159884246699222},"not_automatable":{"count":5299,"share":0.9584011575330078}},"diagnostic_work_type_counts":{"mixed":24,"physical":5275,"data_only":230}}}