{"data":{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:34834529", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 4, "content_hash": "sha256:bbb20b109f52d6b66643288924750fd46a565e014e1e48da8958d0b880067cbb", "created_at": "2026-11-01T17:36:32Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:05:15Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "LASSO and Bioinformatics Analysis in the Identification of Key Genes for Prognostic Genes of Gynecologic Cancer.", "doi": "10.3390/jpm11111177", "pmid": "34834529", "authors": ["Shao-Hua Yu", "Jia-Hua Cai", "De-Lun Chen", "Szu-Han Liao", "Yi-Zhen Lin", "Yu-Ting Chung", "Jeffrey J P Tsai", "Charles C N Wang"], "journal": "Journal of personalized medicine", "year": 2021, "abstract": "The aim of this study is to identify potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of gynecologic cancer in order to improve survival. Cervical cancer (CC) and endometrial cancer (EC) are the most common malignant tumors of gynecologic cancer among women in the world. As the underlying molecular mechanisms in both cervical and endometrial cancer remain unclear, a comprehensive and systematic bioinformatics analysis is required. In our study, gene expression profiles of GSE9750, GES7803, GES63514, GES17025, GES115810, and GES36389 downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were utilized to analyze differential gene expression between cancer and normal tissues. A total of 78 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) common to CC and EC were identified to perform the functional enrichment analyses, including gene ontology and pathway analysis. KEGG pathway analysis of 78 DEGs indicated that three main types of pathway participate in the mechanism of gynecologic cancer such as drug metabolism, signal transduction, and tumorigenesis and development. Furthermore, 20 diagnostic signatures were confirmed using the least absolute shrink and selection operator (LASSO) regression with 10-fold cross validation. Finally, we used the GEPIA2 online tool to verify the expression of 20 genes selected by the LASSO regression model. Among them, the expression of PAMR1 and SLC24A3 in tumor tissues was downregulated significantly compared to the normal tissue, and found to be statistically significant in survival rates between the CC and EC of patients (p < 0.05). The two genes have their function: (1.) PAMR1 is a tumor suppressor gene, and many studies have proven that overexpression of the gene markedly suppresses cell growth, especially in breast cancer and polycystic ovary syndrome; (2.) SLC24A3 is a sodium-calcium regulator of cells, and high SLC24A3 levels are associated with poor prognosis. In our study, the gene signatures can be used to predict CC and EC prognosis, which could provide novel clinical evidence to serve as a potential biomarker for future diagnosis and treatment.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "To select candidate cancer-related gene combinations that were reliably associated with gynecologic cancers (cervix and endometrium), the R package glmnet (Version 4.1.2) [26] was used to fit a logistic LASSO regression model on the 78 DEGs. In our study, 10-fold cross-validation was performed for tuning parameter selection, and the partial likelihood deviance met the minimum criteria.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:34834529", "locator": "sections[7] \"2.5. Feature Selection Using the LASSO Regression Model\" paragraph 2", "quote": "To select candidate cancer-related gene combinations that were reliably associated with gynecologic cancers (cervix and endometrium), the R package glmnet (Version 4.1.2) [26] was used to fit a logistic LASSO regression model on the 78 DEGs. In our study, 10-fold cross-validation was performed for tuning parameter selection, and the partial likelihood deviance met the minimum criteria."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The datasets used and analyzed in this study were available from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/ accessed on 3 July 2021) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA, https://portal.gdc.cancer.gov/ accessed on 3 July 2021).", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:34834529", "locator": "sections[23] \"Data Availability Statement\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The datasets used and analyzed in this study were available from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/ accessed on 3 July 2021) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA, https://portal.gdc.cancer.gov/ accessed on 3 July 2021)."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "The study identified PAMR1 and SLC24A3 as potential prognostic biomarkers for cervical and endometrial cancers.", "kind": "quantitative", "target": {"value": 0.05, "unit": "p-value", "tolerance": null, "source": "Among them, the expression of PAMR1 and SLC24A3 in tumor tissues was downregulated significantly compared to the normal tissue, and found to be statistically significant in survival rates between the CC and EC of patients (p < 0.05)."}, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:34834529", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 1", "quote": "Among them, the expression of PAMR1 and SLC24A3 in tumor tissues was downregulated significantly compared to the normal tissue, and found to be statistically significant in survival rates between the CC and EC of patients (p < 0.05)."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:34834529", "locator": "sections[14] \"3.4. Verification of Prognostic Value for 20 Significant Genes\" paragraph 4", "quote": "Finally, the results suggested that PAMR1 and SLC24A3 may act as prognostic biomarkers for gynecologic cancer in our study."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "The study identified PAMR1 and SLC24A3 as potential prognostic biomarkers for cervical and endometrial cancers.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:34834529"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE115810"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE115810"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": []}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:34834529", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11111177", "sha256": "sha256:5e7426d0c9874b59510c5d3ee0a51948909ac751fd4c35c635a7f93724956614", "bytes": 34991, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "10.3390/jpm11111177", "version": null, "note": "Full article fetched from PMC; the checksum covers the rendered section body, not the original XML bytes.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC8617991", "source": "europe_pmc_fulltext", "coverage": "whole_body", "text_hash_scope": "rendered_section_body"}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE115810", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE115810", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE115810", "version": null, "note": "The datasets used and analyzed in this study were available from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/ accessed on 3 July 2021) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA, https://portal.gdc.cancer.gov/ accessed on 3 July 2021).", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "The datasets used and analyzed in this study were available from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/ accessed on 3 July 2021) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA, https://portal.gdc.cancer.gov/ accessed on 3 July 2021).", "access_statement_kind": "data_availability_statement", "sample_accessions": ["GSM3190275", "GSM3190276", "GSM3190277", "GSM3190278", "GSM3190279", "GSM3190280", "GSM3190281", "GSM3190282", "GSM3190283", "GSM3190284", "GSM3190285", "GSM3190286", "GSM3190287", "GSM3190288", "GSM3190289", "GSM3190290", "GSM3190291", "GSM3190292", "GSM3190293", "GSM3190294", "GSM3190295", "GSM3190296", "GSM3190297", "GSM3190298", "GSM3190299", "GSM3190300", "GSM3190301"], "sample_count": 27, "group_sizes": null, "group_sizes_basis": null, "platform": "96", "taxon": "Homo sapiens", "title": "Expression profiling of endometrial cancer of different grades", "resolution_checked_at": "2026-11-01T17:30:42Z", "resolution_check": "identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE17025", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE17025", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE17025", "version": null, "note": "The datasets used and analyzed in this study were available from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/ accessed on 3 July 2021) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA, https://portal.gdc.cancer.gov/ accessed on 3 July 2021).", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "The datasets used and analyzed in this study were available from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/ accessed on 3 July 2021) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA, https://portal.gdc.cancer.gov/ accessed on 3 July 2021).", "access_statement_kind": "data_availability_statement", "sample_accessions": ["GSM425837", "GSM425838", "GSM425839", "GSM425840", "GSM425841", "GSM425842", "GSM425843", "GSM425844", "GSM425845", "GSM425846", "GSM425847", "GSM425848", "GSM425849", "GSM425850", "GSM425851", "GSM425852", "GSM425853", "GSM425854", "GSM425855", "GSM425856", "GSM425857", "GSM425858", "GSM425859", "GSM425860", "GSM425861", "GSM425862", "GSM425863", "GSM425864", "GSM425865", "GSM425866", "GSM425867", "GSM425868", "GSM425869", "GSM425870", "GSM425871", "GSM425872", "GSM425873", "GSM425874", "GSM425875", "GSM425876", "GSM425877", "GSM425878", "GSM425879", "GSM425880", "GSM425881", "GSM425882", "GSM425883", "GSM425884", "GSM425885", "GSM425886", "GSM425887", "GSM425888", "GSM425889", "GSM425890", "GSM425891", "GSM425892", "GSM425893", "GSM425894", "GSM425895", "GSM425896", "GSM425897", "GSM425898", "GSM425899", "GSM425900", "GSM425901", "GSM425902", "GSM425903", "GSM425904", "GSM425905", "GSM425906", "GSM425907", "GSM425908", "GSM425909", "GSM425910", "GSM425911", "GSM425912", "GSM425913", "GSM425914", "GSM425915", "GSM425916", "GSM425917", "GSM425918", "GSM425919", "GSM425920", "GSM425921", "GSM425922", "GSM425923", "GSM425924", "GSM425925", "GSM425926", "GSM425927", "GSM425928", "GSM425929", "GSM425930", "GSM425931", "GSM425932", "GSM425933", "GSM425934", "GSM425935", "GSM425936", "GSM425937", "GSM425938", "GSM425939"], "sample_count": 103, "group_sizes": null, "group_sizes_basis": null, "platform": "570", "taxon": "Homo sapiens", "title": "Gene Expression Analysis of Stage I Endometrial Cancers", "resolution_checked_at": "2026-11-01T15:39:54Z", "resolution_check": "identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE36389", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE36389", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE36389", "version": null, "note": "The datasets used and analyzed in this study were available from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/ accessed on 3 July 2021) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA, https://portal.gdc.cancer.gov/ accessed on 3 July 2021).", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "The datasets used and analyzed in this study were available from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/ accessed on 3 July 2021) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA, https://portal.gdc.cancer.gov/ accessed on 3 July 2021).", "access_statement_kind": "data_availability_statement", "sample_accessions": ["GSM892277", "GSM892278", "GSM892279", "GSM892280", "GSM892281", "GSM892282", "GSM892283", "GSM892284", "GSM892285", "GSM892286", "GSM892287", "GSM892288", "GSM892289", "GSM892290", "GSM892291", "GSM892292", "GSM892293", "GSM892294", "GSM892295", "GSM892296"], "sample_count": 20, "group_sizes": null, "group_sizes_basis": null, "platform": "96", "taxon": "Homo sapiens", "title": "Identification of the differences between expression patterns of kinin-dependent genes in endometrial cancer", "resolution_checked_at": "2026-11-01T17:30:42Z", "resolution_check": "identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE63514", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE63514", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE63514", "version": null, "note": "The datasets used and analyzed in this study were available from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/ accessed on 3 July 2021) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA, https://portal.gdc.cancer.gov/ accessed on 3 July 2021).", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "The datasets used and analyzed in this study were available from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/ accessed on 3 July 2021) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA, https://portal.gdc.cancer.gov/ accessed on 3 July 2021).", "access_statement_kind": "data_availability_statement", "sample_accessions": ["GSM1551311", "GSM1551312", "GSM1551313", "GSM1551314", "GSM1551315", "GSM1551316", "GSM1551317", "GSM1551318", "GSM1551319", "GSM1551320", "GSM1551321", "GSM1551322", "GSM1551323", "GSM1551324", "GSM1551325", "GSM1551326", "GSM1551327", "GSM1551328", "GSM1551329", "GSM1551330", "GSM1551331", "GSM1551332", "GSM1551333", "GSM1551334", "GSM1551335", "GSM1551336", "GSM1551337", "GSM1551338", "GSM1551339", "GSM1551340", "GSM1551341", "GSM1551342", "GSM1551343", "GSM1551344", "GSM1551345", "GSM1551346", "GSM1551347", "GSM1551348", "GSM1551349", "GSM1551350", "GSM1551351", "GSM1551352", "GSM1551353", "GSM1551354", "GSM1551355", "GSM1551356", "GSM1551357", "GSM1551358", "GSM1551359", "GSM1551360", "GSM1551361", "GSM1551362", "GSM1551363", "GSM1551364", "GSM1551365", "GSM1551366", "GSM1551367", "GSM1551368", "GSM1551369", "GSM1551370", "GSM1551371", "GSM1551372", "GSM1551373", "GSM1551374", "GSM1551375", "GSM1551376", "GSM1551377", "GSM1551378", "GSM1551379", "GSM1551380", "GSM1551381", "GSM1551382", "GSM1551383", "GSM1551384", "GSM1551385", "GSM1551386", "GSM1551387", "GSM1551388", "GSM1551389", "GSM1551390", "GSM1551391", "GSM1551392", "GSM1551393", "GSM1551394", "GSM1551395", "GSM1551396", "GSM1551397", "GSM1551398", "GSM1551399", "GSM1551400", "GSM1551401", "GSM1551402", "GSM1551403", "GSM1551404", "GSM1551405", "GSM1551406", "GSM1551407", "GSM1551408", "GSM1551409", "GSM1551410", "GSM1551411", "GSM1551412", "GSM1551413", "GSM1551414", "GSM1551415", "GSM1551416", "GSM1551417", "GSM1551418", "GSM1551419", "GSM1551420", "GSM1551421", "GSM1551422", "GSM1551423", "GSM1551424", "GSM1551425", "GSM1551426", "GSM1551427", "GSM1551428", "GSM1551429", "GSM1551430", "GSM1551431", "GSM1551432", "GSM1551433", "GSM1551434", "GSM1551435", "GSM1551436", "GSM1551437", "GSM1551438"], "sample_count": 128, "group_sizes": null, "group_sizes_basis": null, "platform": "570", "taxon": "Homo sapiens", "title": "Gene expression analysis of cervical cancer progression", "resolution_checked_at": "2026-11-01T15:39:55Z", "resolution_check": "identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE7803", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE7803", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE7803", "version": null, "note": "The datasets used and analyzed in this study were available from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/ accessed on 3 July 2021) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA, https://portal.gdc.cancer.gov/ accessed on 3 July 2021).", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "The datasets used and analyzed in this study were available from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/ accessed on 3 July 2021) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA, https://portal.gdc.cancer.gov/ accessed on 3 July 2021).", "access_statement_kind": "data_availability_statement", "sample_accessions": ["GSM189381", "GSM189382", "GSM189383", "GSM189384", "GSM189385", "GSM189386", "GSM189387", "GSM189388", "GSM189389", "GSM189390", "GSM189391", "GSM189392", "GSM189393", "GSM189394", "GSM189395", "GSM189396", "GSM189397", "GSM189398", "GSM189399", "GSM189400", "GSM189401", "GSM189402", "GSM189403", "GSM189404", "GSM189405", "GSM189406", "GSM189407", "GSM189408", "GSM189409", "GSM189410", "GSM189411", "GSM189412", "GSM189413", "GSM189414", "GSM189415", "GSM189416", "GSM189417", "GSM189418", "GSM189419", "GSM189420", "GSM189421"], "sample_count": 41, "group_sizes": null, "group_sizes_basis": null, "platform": "96", "taxon": "Homo sapiens", "title": "Human pre-invasive and invasive cervical squamous cell carcinomas and normal cervical epithelia", "resolution_checked_at": "2026-11-01T15:39:55Z", "resolution_check": "identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE9750", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE9750", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE9750", "version": null, "note": "The datasets used and analyzed in this study were available from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/ accessed on 3 July 2021) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA, https://portal.gdc.cancer.gov/ accessed on 3 July 2021).", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "The datasets used and analyzed in this study were available from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/ accessed on 3 July 2021) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA, https://portal.gdc.cancer.gov/ accessed on 3 July 2021).", "access_statement_kind": "data_availability_statement", "sample_accessions": ["GSM246087", "GSM246088", "GSM246089", "GSM246090", "GSM246119", "GSM246120", "GSM246121", "GSM246122", "GSM246123", "GSM246422", "GSM246423", "GSM246484", "GSM246485", "GSM246486", "GSM246487", "GSM246488", "GSM246489", "GSM246490", "GSM246491", "GSM247162", "GSM247163", "GSM247164", "GSM247165", "GSM247166", "GSM247168", "GSM247169", "GSM247171", "GSM247173", "GSM247174", "GSM247175", "GSM247188", "GSM247189", "GSM247190", "GSM247650", "GSM247651", "GSM247652", "GSM247653", "GSM247654", "GSM247655", "GSM247656", "GSM247657", "GSM247658", "GSM247659", "GSM247660", "GSM247661", "GSM247662", "GSM247663", "GSM247856", "GSM247857", "GSM247859", "GSM247860", "GSM247862", "GSM247864", "GSM247865", "GSM247866", "GSM247876", "GSM247877", "GSM247878", "GSM247879", "GSM247881", "GSM247882", "GSM247883", "GSM247884", "GSM247885", "GSM247886", "GSM247887"], "sample_count": 66, "group_sizes": null, "group_sizes_basis": null, "platform": "96", "taxon": "Homo sapiens", "title": "Identification of gene expression profiles in cervical cancer ", "resolution_checked_at": "2026-11-01T15:39:55Z", "resolution_check": "identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}], "gaps": ["asset:data:geo:GSE115810 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE115810 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE17025 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE17025 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE36389 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE36389 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE63514 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE63514 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE7803 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE7803 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE9750 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE9750 licence not read"]}, "analysis": {"state": "partial", "methods": [{"id": "method-1", "family": "differential_expression", "specific": "limma_voom", "label": "Differential expression analysis", "dsl_operations": ["normalise_counts", "differential_expression_fit", "fdr_bh"], "missing_operations": [], "expressible": true, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": ["count_matrix_with_condition"], "evidence": {"score": 0.8, "band": "high", "quote": "Limma"}}, {"id": "method-2", "family": null, "specific": null, "label": "logistic LASSO regression with 10-fold cross-validation", "dsl_operations": [], "missing_operations": [], "expressible": null, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": [], "evidence": {"score": 1.0, "band": "verbatim", "quote": "To select candidate cancer-related gene combinations that were reliably associated with gynecologic cancers (cervix and endometrium), the R package glmnet (Version 4.1.2) [26] was used to fit a logistic LASSO regression model on the 78 DEGs. In our study, 10-fold cross-validation was performed for tuning parameter selection, and the partial likelihood deviance met the minimum criteria."}}], "targets": [{"id": "target-published-estimate", "claim_id": "claim-target-result", "operation": "differential_expression_fit", "expected_value": 0.05, "unit": "p-value", "tolerance": null, "state": "complete", "note": "The threshold the paper applied to its own result, as the paper states it. A run that reproduces the effect is judged against this threshold."}], "gaps": ["method.reader_named_unmapped"]}, "capability": {"state": "complete", "requirements": [{"capability_id": "capability:computational_analysis", "label": "Computational analysis platform", "assay_families": ["meta_analysis", "machine_learning", "survival_analysis", "statistical_regression", "pca", "molecular_docking", "network_analysis", "differential_expression", "gwas"], "availability_state": "owned", "tier_unlocked": "R1", "candidate": "Automated Assays Laravel application and simulated adapters"}], "gaps": []}, "readiness": {"state": "complete", "tier": "R1", "blocking_axis": "none", "blocked_on": "nothing:replicable_now", "axes": {"method": {"tier": "R1", "expressible": true, "required_operations": ["normalise_counts", "differential_expression_fit", "fdr_bh"], "missing_operations": [], "basis": "The paper names the method it used and the corpus's method extractor maps it onto the DSL catalogue: limma_voom."}, "capability": {"tier": "R1", "capability_id": "capability:computational_analysis", "availability_state": "owned", "basis": "The computational analysis is owned. The physical bench the paper used is not, so a physical validation cannot be run here."}, "data": {"tier": "R1", "reachable": true, "accessions": ["GSE9750", "GSE7803", "GSE63514", "GSE17025", "GSE115810", "GSE36389"], "resolved_accessions": ["GSE9750", "GSE7803", "GSE63514", "GSE17025", "GSE115810", "GSE36389"], "statements": ["The datasets used and analyzed in this study were available from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/ accessed on 3 July 2021) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA, https://portal.gdc.cancer.gov/ accessed on 3 July 2021)."], "basis": "The paper names GSE9750, GSE7803, GSE63514, GSE17025, GSE115810, GSE36389 in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the accession resolves in the repository. No dataset was downloaded and no licence was read."}}, "can_run": {"dsl_operations": ["normalise_counts", "differential_expression_fit", "fdr_bh"], "assets": ["source:pmid:34834529", "data:geo:GSE115810"], "steps": ["run_analysis"]}, "must_build": {"dsl_operations": [], "converters": [], "readers": [], "capabilities": [], "data_gaps": ["data:geo:GSE115810"]}, "gaps": []}, "review": {"state": "partial", "machine_critique": {"kind": "extraction_review", "reader": {"model": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "provider": "minimax", "provider_family": "minimax", "read_at": "2026-11-01T17:09:13Z", "independence": "single_reader"}, "evidence_check": {"method": "verbatim", "availability": "verbatim"}, "calls": 5, "usage": {"prompt_tokens": 11983, "completion_tokens": 2763, "cached_tokens": 128}}, "human_critique": null, "stages": [{"id": "extraction", "state": "complete", "reader": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "provider": "minimax"}], "gaps": ["review.independent_reader", "review.machine_critique", "review.human_critique"]}, "execution": {"state": "absent", "status": "not_run", "mode": null, "runs": [], "gaps": ["execution.not_run"]}, "provenance": {"entities": [{"id": "pmid:34834529", "type": "paper", "label": "pmid:34834529"}, {"id": "source:pmid:34834529", "type": "manuscript", "label": "PMID 34834529 full text"}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE115810", "type": "dataset", "label": "GEO GSE115810"}], "activities": [{"id": "activity-reading-sci-2026-11-01", "type": "classification", "used": [{"id": "pmid:34834529", "type": "paper", "label": "pmid:34834529"}, {"id": "source:pmid:34834529", "type": "manuscript", "label": "PMID 34834529 full text"}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE115810", "type": "dataset", "label": "GEO GSE115810"}], "agent": "agent:corpus-assay-engine"}, {"id": "activity-read-34834529", "type": "extraction", "used": ["source:pmid:34834529"], "agent": "agent:minimax-reader"}, {"id": "activity-resolve-GSE115810", "type": "accession_resolution", "used": ["data:geo:GSE115810"], "agent": "agent:corpus-assay-engine"}], "agents": [{"id": "agent:corpus-assay-engine", "type": "software", "label": "Corpus assay engine"}, {"id": "agent:minimax-reader", "type": "software", "label": "MiniMax literature reader"}], "source_run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01", "dsl_catalogue_fingerprint": "343fb30756ba6ec3", "capability_table_fingerprint": "2cb3e42f047d2ecf", "snapshot_id": "ba34b49490d9bfaf"}, "lineage": {"parent_id": "pmid:34834529", "parent_hash": "sha256:a16e03fb057aca1c255b183b17699b0d6950d824c617d787e511b3b3f6691a98", "fork_of": null, "generation": 3}, "gaps": ["asset:data:geo:GSE115810 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE115810 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE17025 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE17025 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE36389 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE36389 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE63514 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE63514 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE7803 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE7803 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE9750 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE9750 not downloaded", "execution.not_run", "method.reader_named_unmapped", "review.human_critique", "review.independent_reader", "review.machine_critique"], "assays": [{"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "microarray", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.93, "evidence": ["ion 3.40) [23], respectively. For each given microarray platform, GEO provides the annotation detail"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:2567", "id": "assay:1"}, {"role": "analysis", "definition_id": "differential_expression", "definition_version": "f2132e96ae6c7a4e", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": ["normalise_counts", "differential_expression_fit", "fdr_bh"], "support_state": "supported", "source_hashes": {"dsl_catalogue": "f2132e96ae6c7a4e"}, "confidence": 0.8, "evidence": ["Limma"], "order_basis": "consumes_earlier_output", "id": "assay:2"}]},"meta":{"api_version":"v1","automation_ladder_snapshot":"ba34b49490d9bfaf","automation_ladder_caveats":["Method extraction is rule-based and has no hand-judged accuracy sample. Evidence bands order textual support; method agreement intervals are null (n=0), never probabilities. Work-type validation does not validate methods.","Operation coverage describes only explicitly named methods. It does not prove a complete protocol, compatible parameters, successful compilation or re-execution. Unrecognised or ambiguous methods require review.","Data reachability is a textual accession or public-data statement. No dataset was downloaded or checked for access, completeness or licence.","Capabilities are planning states seeded from the dated equipment register. No bench ownership, completed quote or partner booking is inferred. Procurement counts are dependencies, not guaranteed replications or financial returns.","Tier and blocker counts are deterministic assessments of this corpus, not measured agreement. R3 is reserved for procurement; unresolved methods and data require human work (R4). The most restrictive axis wins, with capability, method, data as tie-breaks. Resolving one blocker can leave another at the same tier."],"engine":"corpus_engine","engine_provider":"rule_based_v1+lex99e1195c7d6f","run_id":"run-20261023T122449232913","source":"esearch","source_detail":"PubMed mirror biomed_pubmed (read-only)","run_status":"complete","imported_at":"2026-11-03T20:16:52+00:00","generated_at":"2026-11-04T03:14:03+00:00","total_papers":5529,"total_assays_tracked":29,"automatable_assay_families":6,"validated":true,"caveat_count":9,"blocking_caveats":5,"caveats":[{"code":"low_evidence_dominates","basis":["4,152 of 5,529 classifications (75.1%) matched no cue evidence and sit at the 0.05 floor.","34 of 230 data_only calls (14.8%) are in that group."],"claim":"Work type and confidence bands","gloss":"Most records were classified from their title and framing alone, with assay-cue coverage at zero.","detail":"Most classifications in this run rest on no matched evidence at all. At the evidence floor the work type comes from title framing and a fixed prior, not from anything in the paper, so the published work-type split should be read as a rough triage signal rather than a measured distribution. The impact is bounded but not removed: since 2026-10-23 the engine excludes floor-confidence records from the shortlist entirely and publishes them separately as held out, so the recommendation is unaffected even though the census is.","status":"unverified","severity":"high"},{"code":"runtime_is_modelled","basis":["Runtime is summed from published per-assay hour figures. Timing awaits the first executed replication.","4,407 of 5,529 records (79.7%) model to 0.00 hours because no assay was matched, which the ranking then reads as \"cheapest\".","0 of 10 shortlisted records carry a 0.00-hour estimate."],"claim":"Estimated replication runtime","gloss":"The hour figures are estimates built from assay mentions; timing awaits the first executed replication.","detail":"The hour figures are a cost model derived from the bench steps implied by each matched assay family. The first executed replication will supply measured timing. Records without an assay match currently receive a zero-hour model value.","status":"unverified","severity":"high"},{"code":"signal_score_without_citations","basis":["5,529 of 5,529 records (100.0%) have no citation count from the source metadata."],"claim":"Signal score","gloss":"The signal score uses publication-type weight because the mirror supplied zero citation counts.","detail":"The source supplied no citation counts for any record in this run, so the signal score is publication-type weight only. The citation term of the ranking is inert here, and the shortlist is ordered by publication type alone.","status":"unverified","severity":"high"},{"code":"abstract_absent","basis":["1,667 of 5,529 records (30.2%) carry no abstract at all."],"claim":"Evidence base for classification","gloss":"Some records contain a title and publication type only, defining the available classification evidence.","detail":"Where the mirror contains a title and publication types only, those fields define the classifier evidence. A methods section is required for fuller automated and human review.","status":"unverified","severity":"medium"},{"code":"classifier_agreement_measured","basis":["Published two-way decision agreement 77.7% (310 of 399 decidable records) from a stratified hand-check of 438 real records.","Three-way diagnostic agreement 73.9% (288 of 390 decidable records).","data_only agreement 75.2% (100 of 133 decidable).","48 record(s) could not be decided from title and abstract and were excluded from the denominator.","56 analysis-only records were published under another work type, so the data_only share is not an upper bound."],"claim":"Published automatable decision","gloss":"This figure has been checked against a human reading the same papers, so we know how often it is right.","detail":"The published automatable / not-automatable distribution comes from a rule-based classifier that was hand-checked against a fixed ground-truth definition. The agreement rates below are measured, not estimated. The three-way work type remains a diagnostic and is reported separately.","status":"measured","severity":"high"},{"code":"llm_comparison_not_measured","basis":["rule_based_v1+lex99e1195c7d6f produced 5,529 of 5,529 classifications.","Measured on 438 labelled records; these are RULE-BASED figures, not model results."],"claim":"Rule-based versus LLM agreement","gloss":"Every number here is the rule engine’s own. Model comparison begins when a working API credential is connected and measured.","detail":"The published two-way decision agreed with a human reading on 310 of 399 decidable records (77.7%). The diagnostic three-way label agreed on 288 of 390 decidable records (73.9%). Every percentage in this run belongs to the rule engine. Model comparison begins when a working API credential is connected and measured.","status":"not_measured","severity":"high"},{"code":"confidence_is_a_band","basis":["low band: 135 of 210 hand-judged records were correct, 64.3% [57.6, 70.5] (95% CI).","medium band: 80 of 104 hand-judged records were correct, 76.9% [68.0, 84.0] (95% CI).","high band: 73 of 76 hand-judged records were correct, 96.0% [89.0, 98.7] (95% CI).","A fitted calibrated probability was built, measured and withdrawn: it overstated held-out accuracy and reorders nothing."],"claim":"Confidence band and evidence score","gloss":"The confidence band carries a measured accuracy interval; 0.85 represents relative rank strength.","detail":"Confidence on this run is a BAND plus its measured accuracy interval. The number stored alongside each record is a monotone evidence score that orders records; 0.85 represents relative rank strength. A fitted probability was withdrawn after it overstated held-out accuracy. Threshold on the band.","status":"measured","severity":"medium"},{"code":"three_way_split_is_diagnostic","basis":["The corpus is published at the two-way decision: automatable or not-automatable. The three-way split (data_only / physical / mixed) is published as a diagnostic with its measured reliability attached, not as a claim, because the rule engine's `mixed` call cannot be defended.","The engine called 22 record(s) mixed; 10 matched the human judgement (45.5%, 95% CI 26.9-65.3).","The engine's `mixed` call is right on 10/22 hand-judged records (45.5%, 95% CI 26.9%-65.3%); a constant `physical` guess scores 36.4%.","The engine's `mixed` call does not reliably beat a constant `physical` guess on the hand-judged records it labels mixed.","The sign of that difference flips between two independent samples, so the three-way refinement is not demonstrably informative.","The mixed stratum contributes a disproportionate share of errors relative to its size.","At title-only depth the physical/mixed split collapses: a title says that work was done, not whether it was also analysed."],"claim":"The published decision is two-way","gloss":"The three-way split is shown for diagnosis only. The published split is two ways.","detail":"Count and filter the corpus on automatable versus not-automatable. The data_only / physical / mixed split remains an internal engine diagnostic because the mixed call has lower measured reliability.","status":"measured","severity":"medium"},{"code":"automatable_flag_unproven","basis":["6 of 29 assay families are marked automatable now: meta_analysis, machine_learning, survival_analysis, pca, molecular_docking, differential_expression.","The flag is a rule over assay family and work type; validation begins with the first executed replication.","It inherits the 75.2% data_only agreement rate, because the flag requires the record to be analysis-only."],"claim":"Automatable now","gloss":"This flag marks assay families the rules classify as data-only. The first executed replication will validate it.","detail":"This flag marks families the rules consider replicable from data alone. Its validity depends on the analysis-only classification and will be measured through an executed replication.","status":"unverified","severity":"medium"}],"confidence_policy":"band_with_measured_interval","confidence_contract":{"policy":"band_with_measured_interval","summary":"Confidence is reported as a BAND with a measured accuracy interval. The raw evidence score supplies monotone ordering. A fitted point estimate was withdrawn after it overstated held-out accuracy.","evidence_score":"A monotone evidence score in [0,1] built from cue mass, axis separation and text coverage. Use it to order records. Interpret 0.85 as relative rank strength.","confidence_band":"low | medium | high. Consumers threshold on this value.","band_accuracy":"Wilson 95% interval on the measured agreement of the hand-judged records in this band.","calibrated_confidence":"WITHDRAWN. Reintroduction requires held-out evidence demonstrating reliable estimates across every bin."},"band_accuracy":{"low":{"n":210,"low":0.576,"band":"low","high":0.7046,"agree":135,"accuracy":0.6429},"high":{"n":76,"low":0.8903,"band":"high","high":0.9865,"agree":73,"accuracy":0.9605},"medium":{"n":104,"low":0.6795,"band":"medium","high":0.8397,"agree":80,"accuracy":0.7692}},"provider":"rule_based_v1+lex99e1195c7d6f","lexicon_id":"99e1195c7d6f","contract_published_at":"2026-10-23T12:25:29.022232+00:00","confidence_is_band":true,"confidence_is_probability":false,"decision_taxonomy":"two_way","decidable_fraction_two_way":0.8854,"decidable_fraction_two_way_low":0.8565,"decidable_fraction_two_way_high":0.9143,"decidable_fraction_three_way":0.8586,"decidable_fraction_three_way_low":0.8287,"decidable_fraction_three_way_high":0.8884,"decidable_population":5529,"validation_sample_size":438,"three_way_cost_fraction":0.0268,"three_way_cost_records":148,"decision_counts":{"automatable":230,"not_automatable":5299},"decision_split":{"automatable":{"count":230,"share":0.04159884246699222},"not_automatable":{"count":5299,"share":0.9584011575330078}},"diagnostic_work_type_counts":{"mixed":24,"physical":5275,"data_only":230}}}