{"data":{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:35037998", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 3, "content_hash": "sha256:1a7e5343b1fa952240dce3ef18979049bf2a6b057610a55c66cb9f7d175936e2", "created_at": "2026-11-01T17:36:46Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T21:27:00Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Discrimination of Tilletia controversa from the T. caries/T. laevis complex by MALDI-TOF MS analysis of teliospores.", "doi": "10.1007/s00253-021-11757-2", "pmid": "35037998", "authors": ["Monika K Forster", "Somayyeh Sedaghatjoo", "Wolfgang Maier", "Berta Killermann", "Ludwig Niessen"], "journal": "Applied microbiology and biotechnology", "year": 2022, "abstract": "The fungal genus Tilletia includes a large number of plant pathogens of Poaceae. Only a few of those cause bunt of wheat, but these species can lead to significant yield losses in crop production worldwide. Due to quarantine regulations and specific disease control using appropriate seed treatments for the different disease agents, it is of high importance to distinguish Tilletia caries and Tilletia laevis as causal agents of common bunt accurately from Tilletia controversa, the causal agent of the dwarf bunt. Several studies have shown that matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a useful tool to differentiate closely related fungal species. The aim of this study was to assess whether MALDI-TOF MS analysis is able to distinguish specimens of the three closely related pathogens T. caries, T. laevis, and T. controversa and whether it may constitute an alternative method to the morphology-based identification or germination tests. Spectral data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD030401. Spectra-based hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) of the obtained mass spectra showed two main clusters. One cluster included specimens of T. controversa, whereas the second cluster comprised T. laevis and T. caries specimens. Even though main spectral profiles (MSPs) for species identification are missing, MALDI-TOF MS has proven to be a useful method for distinguishing between T. controversa and the two causal agents of common bunt, using direct analysis of teliospores, but was unable to separate T. caries and T. laevis species. KEY POINTS: • MALDI-TOF MS was developed to classify Tilletia species causing bunt of wheat. • Best results were achieved when combining HCA and DAPC analysis. • The method resulted in an accuracy of 98.51% testing 67 Tilletia specimens.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "To determine the final species classification by MALDI-TOF MS, the results of both HCA and DAPC approaches were combined.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35037998", "locator": "sections[9] \"Classification and accuracy of species discrimination by the developed MALDI-TOF MS method\" paragraph 2", "quote": "To determine the final species classification by MALDI-TOF MS, the results of both HCA and DAPC approaches were combined."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "Data availabilityAll specimens analyzed during the current study are stored and are available at the official seed testing laboratory of the Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture (Freising, Germany) as well as at the Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI) – Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (Braunschweig, Germany). Samples numbered 31–38, 41–47, and 64–69 were supplied by USDA (Agricultural Research Service—U.S. Department of Agriculture) and are available upon request. The mass spectrometry proteomics data are available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium home page under http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/cgi/GetDataset with the dataset identifier PXD030401.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35037998", "locator": "sections[27] \"notes\" paragraph 1", "quote": "Data availabilityAll specimens analyzed during the current study are stored and are available at the official seed testing laboratory of the Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture (Freising, Germany) as well as at the Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI) – Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (Braunschweig, Germany). Samples numbered 31–38, 41–47, and 64–69 were supplied by USDA (Agricultural Research Service—U.S. Department of Agriculture) and are available upon request. The mass spectrometry proteomics data are available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium home page under http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/cgi/GetDataset with the dataset identifier PXD030401."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "MALDI-TOF MS using combined HCA and DAPC analysis distinguished T. controversa from T. caries and T. laevis with 98.51% accuracy across 67 specimens, but it did not separate T. caries from T. laevis.", "kind": "quantitative", "target": {"value": 98.51, "unit": "per cent", "tolerance": null, "source": "The method resulted in an accuracy of 98.51% testing 67 Tilletia specimens."}, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35037998", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 1", "quote": "Spectra-based hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) of the obtained mass spectra showed two main clusters."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:35037998", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 1", "quote": "One cluster included specimens of T. controversa, whereas the second cluster comprised T. laevis and T. caries specimens."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:35037998", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 4", "quote": "The method resulted in an accuracy of 98.51% testing 67 Tilletia specimens."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:35037998", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 1", "quote": "MALDI-TOF MS has proven to be a useful method for distinguishing between T. controversa and the two causal agents of common bunt, using direct analysis of teliospores, but was unable to separate T. caries and T. laevis species."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "MALDI-TOF MS using combined HCA and DAPC analysis distinguished T. controversa from T. caries and T. laevis with 98.51% accuracy across 67 specimens, but it did not separate T. caries from T. laevis.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:35037998"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:PXD030401"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:PXD030401"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": []}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:35037998", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-021-11757-2", "sha256": "sha256:9803264ef18733198661f97a932e7c8d2344a24668947568e16d467a898edd43", "bytes": 62040, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "10.1007/s00253-021-11757-2", "version": null, "note": "Full article fetched from PMC; the checksum covers the rendered section body, not the original XML bytes.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC8816839", "source": "europe_pmc_fulltext", "coverage": "whole_body_without_references", "text_hash_scope": "rendered_section_body"}}, {"id": "data:geo:PXD030401", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=PXD030401", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "PXD030401", "version": null, "note": "Data availabilityAll specimens analyzed during the current study are stored and are available at the official seed testing laboratory of the Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture (Freising, Germany) as well as at the Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI) – Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (Braunschweig, Germany). Samples numbered 31–38, 41–47, and 64–69 were supplied by USDA (Agricultural Research Service—U.S. Department of Agriculture) and are available upon request. The mass spectrometry proteomics data are available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium home page under http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/cgi/GetDataset with the dataset identifier PXD030401.", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "Data availabilityAll specimens analyzed during the current study are stored and are available at the official seed testing laboratory of the Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture (Freising, Germany) as well as at the Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI) – Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (Braunschweig, Germany). Samples numbered 31–38, 41–47, and 64–69 were supplied by USDA (Agricultural Research Service—U.S. Department of Agriculture) and are available upon request. 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No tolerance is published because the paper states none."}], "gaps": ["method.reader_named_unmapped"]}, "capability": {"state": "complete", "requirements": [{"capability_id": "capability:computational_analysis", "label": "Computational analysis platform", "assay_families": ["meta_analysis", "machine_learning", "survival_analysis", "statistical_regression", "pca", "molecular_docking", "network_analysis", "differential_expression", "gwas"], "availability_state": "owned", "tier_unlocked": "R1", "candidate": "Automated Assays Laravel application and simulated adapters"}], "gaps": []}, "readiness": {"state": "complete", "tier": "R1", "blocking_axis": "none", "blocked_on": "nothing:replicable_now", "axes": {"method": {"tier": "R1", "expressible": true, "required_operations": ["hierarchical_cluster"], "missing_operations": [], "basis": "The paper names the method it used and the corpus's method extractor maps it onto the DSL catalogue: hierarchical."}, "capability": {"tier": "R1", "capability_id": "capability:computational_analysis", "availability_state": "owned", "basis": "The computational analysis is owned. 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No dataset was downloaded and no licence was read."}}, "can_run": {"dsl_operations": ["hierarchical_cluster"], "assets": ["source:pmid:35037998", "data:geo:PXD030401"], "steps": ["run_analysis"]}, "must_build": {"dsl_operations": [], "converters": [], "readers": [], "capabilities": [], "data_gaps": ["data:geo:PXD030401"]}, "gaps": []}, "review": {"state": "partial", "machine_critique": {"kind": "extraction_review", "reader": {"model": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "provider": "minimax", "provider_family": "minimax", "read_at": "2026-11-01T17:15:53Z", "independence": "single_reader"}, "evidence_check": {"method": "verbatim", "availability": "verbatim"}, "calls": 5, "usage": {"prompt_tokens": 17774, "completion_tokens": 1992, "cached_tokens": 256}}, "human_critique": null, "stages": [{"id": "extraction", "state": "complete", "reader": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "provider": "minimax"}], "gaps": ["review.independent_reader", "review.machine_critique", "review.human_critique"]}, "execution": {"state": "absent", "status": "not_run", "mode": null, "runs": [], "gaps": ["execution.not_run"]}, "provenance": {"entities": [{"id": "pmid:35037998", "type": "paper", "label": "pmid:35037998"}, {"id": "source:pmid:35037998", "type": "manuscript", "label": "PMID 35037998 full text"}, {"id": "data:geo:PXD030401", "type": "dataset", "label": "GEO PXD030401"}], "activities": [{"id": "activity-reading-sci-2026-11-01", "type": "classification", "used": [{"id": "pmid:35037998", "type": "paper", "label": "pmid:35037998"}, {"id": "source:pmid:35037998", "type": "manuscript", "label": "PMID 35037998 full text"}, {"id": "data:geo:PXD030401", "type": "dataset", "label": "GEO PXD030401"}], "agent": "agent:corpus-assay-engine"}, {"id": "activity-read-35037998", "type": "extraction", "used": ["source:pmid:35037998"], "agent": "agent:minimax-reader"}, {"id": "activity-resolve-PXD030401", "type": "accession_resolution", "used": ["data:geo:PXD030401"], "agent": "agent:corpus-assay-engine"}], "agents": [{"id": "agent:corpus-assay-engine", "type": "software", "label": "Corpus assay engine"}, {"id": "agent:minimax-reader", "type": "software", "label": "MiniMax literature reader"}], "source_run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01", "dsl_catalogue_fingerprint": "343fb30756ba6ec3", "capability_table_fingerprint": "2cb3e42f047d2ecf", "snapshot_id": "ba34b49490d9bfaf"}, "lineage": {"parent_id": "pmid:35037998", "parent_hash": "sha256:ad614b07f71572563d2c4ba29709df6c409ac9946735647e43046c8fcade7fbf", "fork_of": null, "generation": 2}, "gaps": ["asset:data:geo:PXD030401 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:PXD030401 not downloaded", "execution.not_run", "method.reader_named_unmapped", "review.human_critique", "review.independent_reader", "review.machine_critique"], "assays": [{"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "mass_spectrometry", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.99, "evidence": ["d laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a useful tool to different", "l for each m/z value were performed by using mass spectrometry comparative analysis package (MASCAP) (Manti", "f the reference specimens AL15 and OL16. 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It does not prove a complete protocol, compatible parameters, successful compilation or re-execution. Unrecognised or ambiguous methods require review.","Data reachability is a textual accession or public-data statement. No dataset was downloaded or checked for access, completeness or licence.","Capabilities are planning states seeded from the dated equipment register. No bench ownership, completed quote or partner booking is inferred. Procurement counts are dependencies, not guaranteed replications or financial returns.","Tier and blocker counts are deterministic assessments of this corpus, not measured agreement. R3 is reserved for procurement; unresolved methods and data require human work (R4). The most restrictive axis wins, with capability, method, data as tie-breaks. Resolving one blocker can leave another at the same tier."],"engine":"corpus_engine","engine_provider":"rule_based_v1+lex99e1195c7d6f","run_id":"run-20261023T122449232913","source":"esearch","source_detail":"PubMed mirror biomed_pubmed (read-only)","run_status":"complete","imported_at":"2026-11-03T20:16:52+00:00","generated_at":"2026-11-04T03:48:56+00:00","total_papers":5529,"total_assays_tracked":29,"automatable_assay_families":6,"validated":true,"caveat_count":9,"blocking_caveats":5,"caveats":[{"code":"low_evidence_dominates","basis":["4,152 of 5,529 classifications (75.1%) matched no cue evidence and sit at the 0.05 floor.","34 of 230 data_only calls (14.8%) are in that group."],"claim":"Work type and confidence bands","gloss":"Most records were classified from their title and framing alone, with assay-cue coverage at zero.","detail":"Most classifications in this run rest on no matched evidence at all. At the evidence floor the work type comes from title framing and a fixed prior, not from anything in the paper, so the published work-type split should be read as a rough triage signal rather than a measured distribution. The impact is bounded but not removed: since 2026-10-23 the engine excludes floor-confidence records from the shortlist entirely and publishes them separately as held out, so the recommendation is unaffected even though the census is.","status":"unverified","severity":"high"},{"code":"runtime_is_modelled","basis":["Runtime is summed from published per-assay hour figures. Timing awaits the first executed replication.","4,407 of 5,529 records (79.7%) model to 0.00 hours because no assay was matched, which the ranking then reads as \"cheapest\".","0 of 10 shortlisted records carry a 0.00-hour estimate."],"claim":"Estimated replication runtime","gloss":"The hour figures are estimates built from assay mentions; timing awaits the first executed replication.","detail":"The hour figures are a cost model derived from the bench steps implied by each matched assay family. The first executed replication will supply measured timing. Records without an assay match currently receive a zero-hour model value.","status":"unverified","severity":"high"},{"code":"signal_score_without_citations","basis":["5,529 of 5,529 records (100.0%) have no citation count from the source metadata."],"claim":"Signal score","gloss":"The signal score uses publication-type weight because the mirror supplied zero citation counts.","detail":"The source supplied no citation counts for any record in this run, so the signal score is publication-type weight only. The citation term of the ranking is inert here, and the shortlist is ordered by publication type alone.","status":"unverified","severity":"high"},{"code":"abstract_absent","basis":["1,667 of 5,529 records (30.2%) carry no abstract at all."],"claim":"Evidence base for classification","gloss":"Some records contain a title and publication type only, defining the available classification evidence.","detail":"Where the mirror contains a title and publication types only, those fields define the classifier evidence. A methods section is required for fuller automated and human review.","status":"unverified","severity":"medium"},{"code":"classifier_agreement_measured","basis":["Published two-way decision agreement 77.7% (310 of 399 decidable records) from a stratified hand-check of 438 real records.","Three-way diagnostic agreement 73.9% (288 of 390 decidable records).","data_only agreement 75.2% (100 of 133 decidable).","48 record(s) could not be decided from title and abstract and were excluded from the denominator.","56 analysis-only records were published under another work type, so the data_only share is not an upper bound."],"claim":"Published automatable decision","gloss":"This figure has been checked against a human reading the same papers, so we know how often it is right.","detail":"The published automatable / not-automatable distribution comes from a rule-based classifier that was hand-checked against a fixed ground-truth definition. The agreement rates below are measured, not estimated. The three-way work type remains a diagnostic and is reported separately.","status":"measured","severity":"high"},{"code":"llm_comparison_not_measured","basis":["rule_based_v1+lex99e1195c7d6f produced 5,529 of 5,529 classifications.","Measured on 438 labelled records; these are RULE-BASED figures, not model results."],"claim":"Rule-based versus LLM agreement","gloss":"Every number here is the rule engine’s own. Model comparison begins when a working API credential is connected and measured.","detail":"The published two-way decision agreed with a human reading on 310 of 399 decidable records (77.7%). The diagnostic three-way label agreed on 288 of 390 decidable records (73.9%). Every percentage in this run belongs to the rule engine. Model comparison begins when a working API credential is connected and measured.","status":"not_measured","severity":"high"},{"code":"confidence_is_a_band","basis":["low band: 135 of 210 hand-judged records were correct, 64.3% [57.6, 70.5] (95% CI).","medium band: 80 of 104 hand-judged records were correct, 76.9% [68.0, 84.0] (95% CI).","high band: 73 of 76 hand-judged records were correct, 96.0% [89.0, 98.7] (95% CI).","A fitted calibrated probability was built, measured and withdrawn: it overstated held-out accuracy and reorders nothing."],"claim":"Confidence band and evidence score","gloss":"The confidence band carries a measured accuracy interval; 0.85 represents relative rank strength.","detail":"Confidence on this run is a BAND plus its measured accuracy interval. The number stored alongside each record is a monotone evidence score that orders records; 0.85 represents relative rank strength. A fitted probability was withdrawn after it overstated held-out accuracy. Threshold on the band.","status":"measured","severity":"medium"},{"code":"three_way_split_is_diagnostic","basis":["The corpus is published at the two-way decision: automatable or not-automatable. The three-way split (data_only / physical / mixed) is published as a diagnostic with its measured reliability attached, not as a claim, because the rule engine's `mixed` call cannot be defended.","The engine called 22 record(s) mixed; 10 matched the human judgement (45.5%, 95% CI 26.9-65.3).","The engine's `mixed` call is right on 10/22 hand-judged records (45.5%, 95% CI 26.9%-65.3%); a constant `physical` guess scores 36.4%.","The engine's `mixed` call does not reliably beat a constant `physical` guess on the hand-judged records it labels mixed.","The sign of that difference flips between two independent samples, so the three-way refinement is not demonstrably informative.","The mixed stratum contributes a disproportionate share of errors relative to its size.","At title-only depth the physical/mixed split collapses: a title says that work was done, not whether it was also analysed."],"claim":"The published decision is two-way","gloss":"The three-way split is shown for diagnosis only. The published split is two ways.","detail":"Count and filter the corpus on automatable versus not-automatable. The data_only / physical / mixed split remains an internal engine diagnostic because the mixed call has lower measured reliability.","status":"measured","severity":"medium"},{"code":"automatable_flag_unproven","basis":["6 of 29 assay families are marked automatable now: meta_analysis, machine_learning, survival_analysis, pca, molecular_docking, differential_expression.","The flag is a rule over assay family and work type; validation begins with the first executed replication.","It inherits the 75.2% data_only agreement rate, because the flag requires the record to be analysis-only."],"claim":"Automatable now","gloss":"This flag marks assay families the rules classify as data-only. The first executed replication will validate it.","detail":"This flag marks families the rules consider replicable from data alone. Its validity depends on the analysis-only classification and will be measured through an executed replication.","status":"unverified","severity":"medium"}],"confidence_policy":"band_with_measured_interval","confidence_contract":{"policy":"band_with_measured_interval","summary":"Confidence is reported as a BAND with a measured accuracy interval. The raw evidence score supplies monotone ordering. A fitted point estimate was withdrawn after it overstated held-out accuracy.","evidence_score":"A monotone evidence score in [0,1] built from cue mass, axis separation and text coverage. Use it to order records. Interpret 0.85 as relative rank strength.","confidence_band":"low | medium | high. Consumers threshold on this value.","band_accuracy":"Wilson 95% interval on the measured agreement of the hand-judged records in this band.","calibrated_confidence":"WITHDRAWN. 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