{"data":{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:35885025", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 4, "content_hash": "sha256:0463d745257cce44834b9eaa581540ebc279403fb37fb9e02b5b942b63fd6e45", "created_at": "2026-11-01T18:14:58Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:07:08Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis of the Hub Genes Involved in Irinotecan Resistance in Colorectal Cancer.", "doi": "10.3390/biomedicines10071720", "pmid": "35885025", "authors": ["Jakub Kryczka", "Joanna Boncela"], "journal": "Biomedicines", "year": 2022, "abstract": "Different drug combinations including irinotecan remain some of the most important therapeutic modalities in treating colorectal cancer (CRC). However, chemotherapy often leads to the acquisition of cancer drug resistance. To bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo models, we compared the mRNA expression profiles of CRC cell lines (HT29, HTC116, and LoVo and their respective irinotecan-resistant variants) with patient samples to select new candidate genes for the validation of irinotecan resistance. Data were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) (GSE42387, GSE62080, and GSE18105) and the Human Protein Atlas databases and were subjected to an integrated bioinformatics analysis. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of differently expressed genes (DEGs) between FOLFIRI-resistant and -sensitive CRC patients delivered several potential irinotecan resistance markers: NDUFA2, SDHD, LSM5, DCAF4, COX10 RBM8A, TIMP1, QKI, TGOLN2, and PTGS2. The chosen DEGs were used to validate irinotecan-resistant cell line models, proving their substantial phylogenetic heterogeneity. These results indicated that in vitro models are highly limited and favor different mechanisms than in vivo, patient-derived ones. Thus, cell lines can be perfectly utilized to analyze specific mechanisms on their molecular levels but cannot mirror the complicated drug resistance network observed in patients.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "Differently expressed genes (DEGs) were further calculated and visualized with JASP 0.14.1.0 software (https://jasp-stats.org/ (accessed on 18 May 2022)) using a normality test (Shapiro–Wilk’s), followed by a Mann–Whitney U test (for not normally distributed data) or T-test (for normally distributed data).", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35885025", "locator": "sections[3] \"2.1. 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This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE18105"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE18105"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": []}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:35885025", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10071720", "sha256": 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URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "Data Availability StatementNot applicable.", "access_statement_kind": "data_availability_statement", "sample_accessions": ["GSM452552", "GSM452553", "GSM452554", "GSM452555", "GSM452556", "GSM452557", "GSM452558", "GSM452559", "GSM452560", "GSM452561", "GSM452562", "GSM452563", "GSM452564", "GSM452565", "GSM452566", "GSM452567", "GSM452568", "GSM452569", "GSM452570", "GSM452571", "GSM452572", "GSM452573", "GSM452574", "GSM452575", "GSM452576", "GSM452577", "GSM452578", "GSM452579", "GSM452580", "GSM452581", "GSM452582", "GSM452583", "GSM452584", "GSM452585", "GSM452586", "GSM452587", "GSM452588", "GSM452589", "GSM452590", "GSM452591", "GSM452592", "GSM452593", "GSM452594", "GSM452595", "GSM452596", "GSM452597", "GSM452598", "GSM452599", "GSM452600", "GSM452601", "GSM452602", "GSM452603", "GSM452604", "GSM452605", "GSM452606", "GSM452607", "GSM452608", "GSM452609", "GSM452610", "GSM452611", "GSM452612", "GSM452613", "GSM452614", "GSM452615", 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"group_sizes": null, "group_sizes_basis": null, "platform": "16297", "taxon": "Homo sapiens", "title": "Gene expression profiles of parental and chemotherapy-resistant colon cancer cell lines.", "resolution_checked_at": "2026-11-01T15:39:54Z", "resolution_check": "identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE62080", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE62080", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE62080", "version": null, "note": "Data Availability StatementNot applicable.", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "Data Availability StatementNot applicable.", "access_statement_kind": "data_availability_statement", "sample_accessions": ["GSM1519418", "GSM1519419", "GSM1519420", "GSM1519421", "GSM1519422", "GSM1519423", "GSM1519424", "GSM1519425", "GSM1519426", "GSM1519427", "GSM1519428", "GSM1519429", "GSM1519430", "GSM1519431", "GSM1519432", "GSM1519433", "GSM1519434", "GSM1519435", "GSM1519436", "GSM1519437", "GSM1519438"], "sample_count": 21, "group_sizes": null, "group_sizes_basis": null, "platform": "570", "taxon": "Homo sapiens", "title": "Gene expression signature in advanced colorectal cancer patients select drugs and response for the use of leucovorin, fluorouracil, and irinotecan", "resolution_checked_at": "2026-11-01T18:06:44Z", "resolution_check": "identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}], "gaps": ["asset:data:geo:GSE18105 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE18105 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE42387 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE42387 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE62080 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE62080 licence not read"]}, "analysis": {"state": "partial", "methods": [{"id": "method-1", "family": "network_analysis", "specific": "ppi_network", "label": "Network / pathway analysis", "dsl_operations": ["build_graph", "centrality_scores", "pathway_enrich"], "missing_operations": [], "expressible": true, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": ["edge_list"], "evidence": {"score": 0.7, "band": "medium", "quote": "protein-protein interaction"}}, {"id": "method-2", "family": null, "specific": null, "label": "Shapiro–Wilk normality test followed by a Mann–Whitney U test for non-normally distributed data or a T-test for normally distributed data", "dsl_operations": [], "missing_operations": [], "expressible": null, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": [], "evidence": {"score": 1.0, "band": "verbatim", "quote": "Differently expressed genes (DEGs) were further calculated and visualized with JASP 0.14.1.0 software (https://jasp-stats.org/ (accessed on 18 May 2022)) using a normality test (Shapiro–Wilk’s), followed by a Mann–Whitney U test (for not normally distributed data) or T-test (for normally distributed data)."}}], "targets": [], "gaps": ["method.reader_named_unmapped"]}, "capability": {"state": "complete", "requirements": [{"capability_id": "capability:computational_analysis", "label": "Computational analysis platform", "assay_families": ["meta_analysis", "machine_learning", "survival_analysis", "statistical_regression", "pca", "molecular_docking", "network_analysis", "differential_expression", "gwas"], "availability_state": "owned", "tier_unlocked": "R1", "candidate": "Automated Assays Laravel application and simulated adapters"}], "gaps": []}, "readiness": {"state": "complete", "tier": "R1", "blocking_axis": "none", "blocked_on": "nothing:replicable_now", "axes": {"method": {"tier": "R1", "expressible": true, "required_operations": ["build_graph", "centrality_scores", "pathway_enrich"], "missing_operations": [], "basis": "The paper names the method it used and the corpus's method extractor maps it onto the DSL catalogue: ppi_network."}, "capability": {"tier": "R1", "capability_id": "capability:computational_analysis", "availability_state": "owned", "basis": "The computational analysis is owned. The physical bench the paper used is not, so a physical validation cannot be run here."}, "data": {"tier": "R1", "reachable": true, "accessions": ["GSE42387", "GSE62080", "GSE18105"], "resolved_accessions": ["GSE42387", "GSE62080", "GSE18105"], "statements": ["Data Availability StatementNot applicable."], "basis": "The paper names GSE42387, GSE62080, GSE18105 in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the accession resolves in the repository. No dataset was downloaded and no licence was read."}}, "can_run": {"dsl_operations": ["build_graph", "centrality_scores", "pathway_enrich"], "assets": ["source:pmid:35885025", "data:geo:GSE18105"], "steps": ["run_analysis"]}, "must_build": {"dsl_operations": [], "converters": [], "readers": [], "capabilities": [], "data_gaps": ["data:geo:GSE18105"]}, "gaps": []}, "review": {"state": "partial", "machine_critique": {"kind": "extraction_review", "reader": {"model": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "provider": "minimax", "provider_family": "minimax", "read_at": "2026-11-01T17:57:03Z", "independence": "single_reader"}, "evidence_check": {"method": "verbatim", "availability": "verbatim"}, "calls": 5, "usage": {"prompt_tokens": 11312, "completion_tokens": 1667, "cached_tokens": 128}}, "human_critique": null, "stages": [{"id": "extraction", "state": "complete", "reader": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "provider": "minimax"}], "gaps": ["review.independent_reader", "review.machine_critique", "review.human_critique"]}, "execution": {"state": "absent", "status": "not_run", "mode": null, "runs": [], "gaps": ["execution.not_run"]}, "provenance": {"entities": [{"id": "pmid:35885025", "type": "paper", "label": "pmid:35885025"}, {"id": "source:pmid:35885025", "type": "manuscript", "label": "PMID 35885025 full text"}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE18105", "type": "dataset", "label": "GEO GSE18105"}], "activities": [{"id": "activity-reading-sci-2026-11-01", "type": "classification", "used": [{"id": "pmid:35885025", "type": "paper", "label": "pmid:35885025"}, {"id": "source:pmid:35885025", "type": "manuscript", "label": "PMID 35885025 full text"}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE18105", "type": "dataset", "label": "GEO GSE18105"}], "agent": "agent:corpus-assay-engine"}, {"id": "activity-read-35885025", "type": "extraction", "used": ["source:pmid:35885025"], "agent": "agent:minimax-reader"}, {"id": "activity-resolve-GSE18105", "type": "accession_resolution", "used": ["data:geo:GSE18105"], "agent": "agent:corpus-assay-engine"}], "agents": [{"id": "agent:corpus-assay-engine", "type": "software", "label": "Corpus assay engine"}, {"id": "agent:minimax-reader", "type": "software", "label": "MiniMax literature reader"}], "source_run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01", "dsl_catalogue_fingerprint": "343fb30756ba6ec3", "capability_table_fingerprint": "2cb3e42f047d2ecf", "snapshot_id": "ba34b49490d9bfaf"}, "lineage": {"parent_id": "pmid:35885025", "parent_hash": "sha256:ee6e5c88c943f16061e1cf7515f676f27d952a0898d590a5c70b24d449d85677", "fork_of": null, "generation": 3}, "gaps": ["asset:data:geo:GSE18105 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE18105 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE42387 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE42387 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE62080 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE62080 not downloaded", "execution.not_run", "method.reader_named_unmapped", "review.human_critique", "review.independent_reader", "review.machine_critique"], "assays": [{"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "animal_model", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.99, "evidence": ["ance. To bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo models, we compared the mRNA expression prof", "limited and favor different mechanisms than in vivo, patient-derived ones. Thus, cell lines can"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:325", "id": "assay:1"}, {"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "clinical_cohort", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.99, "evidence": ["and favor different mechanisms than in vivo, patient-derived ones. Thus, cell lines can be perfectly util", "version). The GSE62080 database comprised 21 patients with advanced colorectal cancer treated using the"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:1274", "id": "assay:2"}, {"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "microarray", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.99, "evidence": ["2. Materials and Methods 2.1. Microarray Data Processing and Analysis Gene Expression", "a GPL16297 Agilent-014850 Whole Human Genome Microarray 4x44K G4112F platform (Agilent Systematic Na", "rom different stages. One hundred and eleven microarray datasets (77 for LCM samples and 17 pairs fo"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:1521", "id": "assay:3"}, {"role": "analysis", "definition_id": "network_analysis", "definition_version": "f2132e96ae6c7a4e", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": ["build_graph", "centrality_scores", "pathway_enrich"], "support_state": "supported", "source_hashes": {"dsl_catalogue": "f2132e96ae6c7a4e"}, "confidence": 0.7, "evidence": ["protein-protein interaction"], "order_basis": "consumes_earlier_output", "id": "assay:4"}]},"meta":{"api_version":"v1","automation_ladder_snapshot":"ba34b49490d9bfaf","automation_ladder_caveats":["Method extraction is rule-based and has no hand-judged accuracy sample. Evidence bands order textual support; method agreement intervals are null (n=0), never probabilities. Work-type validation does not validate methods.","Operation coverage describes only explicitly named methods. It does not prove a complete protocol, compatible parameters, successful compilation or re-execution. Unrecognised or ambiguous methods require review.","Data reachability is a textual accession or public-data statement. No dataset was downloaded or checked for access, completeness or licence.","Capabilities are planning states seeded from the dated equipment register. No bench ownership, completed quote or partner booking is inferred. Procurement counts are dependencies, not guaranteed replications or financial returns.","Tier and blocker counts are deterministic assessments of this corpus, not measured agreement. R3 is reserved for procurement; unresolved methods and data require human work (R4). The most restrictive axis wins, with capability, method, data as tie-breaks. Resolving one blocker can leave another at the same tier."],"engine":"corpus_engine","engine_provider":"rule_based_v1+lex99e1195c7d6f","run_id":"run-20261023T122449232913","source":"esearch","source_detail":"PubMed mirror biomed_pubmed (read-only)","run_status":"complete","imported_at":"2026-11-03T20:16:52+00:00","generated_at":"2026-11-04T02:51:12+00:00","total_papers":5529,"total_assays_tracked":29,"automatable_assay_families":6,"validated":true,"caveat_count":9,"blocking_caveats":5,"caveats":[{"code":"low_evidence_dominates","basis":["4,152 of 5,529 classifications (75.1%) matched no cue evidence and sit at the 0.05 floor.","34 of 230 data_only calls (14.8%) are in that group."],"claim":"Work type and confidence bands","gloss":"Most records were classified from their title and framing alone, with assay-cue coverage at zero.","detail":"Most classifications in this run rest on no matched evidence at all. At the evidence floor the work type comes from title framing and a fixed prior, not from anything in the paper, so the published work-type split should be read as a rough triage signal rather than a measured distribution. The impact is bounded but not removed: since 2026-10-23 the engine excludes floor-confidence records from the shortlist entirely and publishes them separately as held out, so the recommendation is unaffected even though the census is.","status":"unverified","severity":"high"},{"code":"runtime_is_modelled","basis":["Runtime is summed from published per-assay hour figures. Timing awaits the first executed replication.","4,407 of 5,529 records (79.7%) model to 0.00 hours because no assay was matched, which the ranking then reads as \"cheapest\".","0 of 10 shortlisted records carry a 0.00-hour estimate."],"claim":"Estimated replication runtime","gloss":"The hour figures are estimates built from assay mentions; timing awaits the first executed replication.","detail":"The hour figures are a cost model derived from the bench steps implied by each matched assay family. The first executed replication will supply measured timing. Records without an assay match currently receive a zero-hour model value.","status":"unverified","severity":"high"},{"code":"signal_score_without_citations","basis":["5,529 of 5,529 records (100.0%) have no citation count from the source metadata."],"claim":"Signal score","gloss":"The signal score uses publication-type weight because the mirror supplied zero citation counts.","detail":"The source supplied no citation counts for any record in this run, so the signal score is publication-type weight only. The citation term of the ranking is inert here, and the shortlist is ordered by publication type alone.","status":"unverified","severity":"high"},{"code":"abstract_absent","basis":["1,667 of 5,529 records (30.2%) carry no abstract at all."],"claim":"Evidence base for classification","gloss":"Some records contain a title and publication type only, defining the available classification evidence.","detail":"Where the mirror contains a title and publication types only, those fields define the classifier evidence. A methods section is required for fuller automated and human review.","status":"unverified","severity":"medium"},{"code":"classifier_agreement_measured","basis":["Published two-way decision agreement 77.7% (310 of 399 decidable records) from a stratified hand-check of 438 real records.","Three-way diagnostic agreement 73.9% (288 of 390 decidable records).","data_only agreement 75.2% (100 of 133 decidable).","48 record(s) could not be decided from title and abstract and were excluded from the denominator.","56 analysis-only records were published under another work type, so the data_only share is not an upper bound."],"claim":"Published automatable decision","gloss":"This figure has been checked against a human reading the same papers, so we know how often it is right.","detail":"The published automatable / not-automatable distribution comes from a rule-based classifier that was hand-checked against a fixed ground-truth definition. The agreement rates below are measured, not estimated. The three-way work type remains a diagnostic and is reported separately.","status":"measured","severity":"high"},{"code":"llm_comparison_not_measured","basis":["rule_based_v1+lex99e1195c7d6f produced 5,529 of 5,529 classifications.","Measured on 438 labelled records; these are RULE-BASED figures, not model results."],"claim":"Rule-based versus LLM agreement","gloss":"Every number here is the rule engine’s own. Model comparison begins when a working API credential is connected and measured.","detail":"The published two-way decision agreed with a human reading on 310 of 399 decidable records (77.7%). The diagnostic three-way label agreed on 288 of 390 decidable records (73.9%). Every percentage in this run belongs to the rule engine. Model comparison begins when a working API credential is connected and measured.","status":"not_measured","severity":"high"},{"code":"confidence_is_a_band","basis":["low band: 135 of 210 hand-judged records were correct, 64.3% [57.6, 70.5] (95% CI).","medium band: 80 of 104 hand-judged records were correct, 76.9% [68.0, 84.0] (95% CI).","high band: 73 of 76 hand-judged records were correct, 96.0% [89.0, 98.7] (95% CI).","A fitted calibrated probability was built, measured and withdrawn: it overstated held-out accuracy and reorders nothing."],"claim":"Confidence band and evidence score","gloss":"The confidence band carries a measured accuracy interval; 0.85 represents relative rank strength.","detail":"Confidence on this run is a BAND plus its measured accuracy interval. The number stored alongside each record is a monotone evidence score that orders records; 0.85 represents relative rank strength. A fitted probability was withdrawn after it overstated held-out accuracy. Threshold on the band.","status":"measured","severity":"medium"},{"code":"three_way_split_is_diagnostic","basis":["The corpus is published at the two-way decision: automatable or not-automatable. The three-way split (data_only / physical / mixed) is published as a diagnostic with its measured reliability attached, not as a claim, because the rule engine's `mixed` call cannot be defended.","The engine called 22 record(s) mixed; 10 matched the human judgement (45.5%, 95% CI 26.9-65.3).","The engine's `mixed` call is right on 10/22 hand-judged records (45.5%, 95% CI 26.9%-65.3%); a constant `physical` guess scores 36.4%.","The engine's `mixed` call does not reliably beat a constant `physical` guess on the hand-judged records it labels mixed.","The sign of that difference flips between two independent samples, so the three-way refinement is not demonstrably informative.","The mixed stratum contributes a disproportionate share of errors relative to its size.","At title-only depth the physical/mixed split collapses: a title says that work was done, not whether it was also analysed."],"claim":"The published decision is two-way","gloss":"The three-way split is shown for diagnosis only. The published split is two ways.","detail":"Count and filter the corpus on automatable versus not-automatable. The data_only / physical / mixed split remains an internal engine diagnostic because the mixed call has lower measured reliability.","status":"measured","severity":"medium"},{"code":"automatable_flag_unproven","basis":["6 of 29 assay families are marked automatable now: meta_analysis, machine_learning, survival_analysis, pca, molecular_docking, differential_expression.","The flag is a rule over assay family and work type; validation begins with the first executed replication.","It inherits the 75.2% data_only agreement rate, because the flag requires the record to be analysis-only."],"claim":"Automatable now","gloss":"This flag marks assay families the rules classify as data-only. The first executed replication will validate it.","detail":"This flag marks families the rules consider replicable from data alone. Its validity depends on the analysis-only classification and will be measured through an executed replication.","status":"unverified","severity":"medium"}],"confidence_policy":"band_with_measured_interval","confidence_contract":{"policy":"band_with_measured_interval","summary":"Confidence is reported as a BAND with a measured accuracy interval. The raw evidence score supplies monotone ordering. A fitted point estimate was withdrawn after it overstated held-out accuracy.","evidence_score":"A monotone evidence score in [0,1] built from cue mass, axis separation and text coverage. Use it to order records. Interpret 0.85 as relative rank strength.","confidence_band":"low | medium | high. Consumers threshold on this value.","band_accuracy":"Wilson 95% interval on the measured agreement of the hand-judged records in this band.","calibrated_confidence":"WITHDRAWN. Reintroduction requires held-out evidence demonstrating reliable estimates across every bin."},"band_accuracy":{"low":{"n":210,"low":0.576,"band":"low","high":0.7046,"agree":135,"accuracy":0.6429},"high":{"n":76,"low":0.8903,"band":"high","high":0.9865,"agree":73,"accuracy":0.9605},"medium":{"n":104,"low":0.6795,"band":"medium","high":0.8397,"agree":80,"accuracy":0.7692}},"provider":"rule_based_v1+lex99e1195c7d6f","lexicon_id":"99e1195c7d6f","contract_published_at":"2026-10-23T12:25:29.022232+00:00","confidence_is_band":true,"confidence_is_probability":false,"decision_taxonomy":"two_way","decidable_fraction_two_way":0.8854,"decidable_fraction_two_way_low":0.8565,"decidable_fraction_two_way_high":0.9143,"decidable_fraction_three_way":0.8586,"decidable_fraction_three_way_low":0.8287,"decidable_fraction_three_way_high":0.8884,"decidable_population":5529,"validation_sample_size":438,"three_way_cost_fraction":0.0268,"three_way_cost_records":148,"decision_counts":{"automatable":230,"not_automatable":5299},"decision_split":{"automatable":{"count":230,"share":0.04159884246699222},"not_automatable":{"count":5299,"share":0.9584011575330078}},"diagnostic_work_type_counts":{"mixed":24,"physical":5275,"data_only":230}}}