{"data":{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:38044432", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 4, "content_hash": "sha256:313a573d301d3e5ef05056c68f2dc75f2715287967d0bfff5ca6778ff410bfc4", "created_at": "2026-11-01T19:02:59Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:53:14Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Decoding the mitochondrial connection: development and validation of biomarkers for classifying and treating systemic lupus erythematosus through bioinformatics and machine learning.", "doi": "10.1186/s41927-023-00369-0", "pmid": "38044432", "authors": ["Haoguang Li", "Lu Zhou", "Wei Zhou", "Xiuling Zhang", "Jingjing Shang", "Xueqin Feng", "Le Yu", "Jie Fan", "Jie Ren", "Rongwei Zhang", "Xinwang Duan"], "journal": "BMC rheumatology", "year": 2023, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multifaceted autoimmune disease characterized by clinical and pathological diversity. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been identified as a critical pathogenetic factor in SLE. However, the specific molecular aspects and regulatory roles of this dysfunction in SLE are not fully understood. Our study aims to explore the molecular characteristics of mitochondria-related genes (MRGs) in SLE, with a focus on identifying reliable biomarkers for classification and therapeutic purposes.\nMETHODS: We sourced six SLE-related microarray datasets (GSE61635, GSE50772, GSE30153, GSE99967, GSE81622, and GSE49454) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Three of these datasets (GSE61635, GSE50772, GSE30153) were integrated into a training set for differential analysis. The intersection of differentially expressed genes with MRGs yielded a set of differentially expressed MRGs (DE-MRGs). We employed machine learning algorithms-random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression-to select key hub genes. These genes' classifying potential was validated in the training set and three other validation sets (GSE99967, GSE81622, and GSE49454). Further analyses included differential expression, co-expression, protein-protein interaction (PPI), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and immune infiltration, centered on these hub genes. We also constructed TF-mRNA, miRNA-mRNA, and drug-target networks based on these hub genes using the ChEA3, miRcode, and PubChem databases.\nRESULTS: Our investigation identified 761 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), mainly related to viral infection, inflammatory, and immune-related signaling pathways. The interaction between these DEGs and MRGs led to the identification of 27 distinct DE-MRGs. Key among these were FAM210B, MSRB2, LYRM7, IFI27, and SCO2, designated as hub genes through machine learning analysis. Their significant role in SLE classification was confirmed in both the training and validation sets. Additional analyses included differential expression, co-expression, PPI, GSEA, immune infiltration, and the construction of TF-mRNA, miRNA-mRNA, and drug-target networks.\nCONCLUSIONS: This research represents a novel exploration into the MRGs of SLE, identifying FAM210B, MSRB2, LYRM7, IFI27, and SCO2 as significant candidates for classifying and therapeutic targeting.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "The limma package in R program [19] was used to evaluate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between SLE and healthy controls, using cutoffs for adjustment: p-value < 0.05 and FC (fold changes) > 1.5.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:38044432", "locator": "sections[4] \"Identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs)\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The limma package in R program [19] was used to evaluate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between SLE and healthy controls, using cutoffs for adjustment: p-value < 0.05 and FC (fold changes) > 1.5."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/supplementary material. We have uploaded all my source code and experimental data to a cloud disk (https://www.jianguoyun.com/p/DTnH9WsQ9djyCxjnmJYFIAA). Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:38044432", "locator": "sections[27] \"Data Availability\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/supplementary material. We have uploaded all my source code and experimental data to a cloud disk (https://www.jianguoyun.com/p/DTnH9WsQ9djyCxjnmJYFIAA). Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "An ANN model based on five hub genes achieved an AUC of 0.967 (95% CI 0.945–0.984) for classifying SLE in the training set.", "kind": "quantitative", "target": {"value": 95.0, "unit": "per cent", "tolerance": null, "source": "Next, an ANN model for classifying SLE was developed utilizing five hub genes, achieving an AUC of 0.967 (95% CI 0.945–0.984) on the training set, as shown in Fig. 5A and B."}, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:38044432", "locator": "sections[18] \"Performance of hub genes to classify SLE\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Next, an ANN model for classifying SLE was developed utilizing five hub genes, achieving an AUC of 0.967 (95% CI 0.945–0.984) on the training set, as shown in Fig. 5A and B."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "An ANN model based on five hub genes achieved an AUC of 0.967 (95% CI 0.945–0.984) for classifying SLE in the training set.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:38044432"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE30153"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE30153"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": []}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:38044432", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s41927-023-00369-0", "sha256": "sha256:69bf8fbaf935e031633cccbfc6694e11efb0def12c629a84078c0fef691dab2d", "bytes": 52842, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "10.1186/s41927-023-00369-0", "version": null, "note": "Full article fetched from PMC; the checksum covers the rendered section body, not the original XML bytes.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC10694981", "source": "europe_pmc_fulltext", "coverage": "whole_body", "text_hash_scope": "rendered_section_body"}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE30153", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE30153", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE30153", "version": null, "note": "The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/supplementary material. We have uploaded all my source code and experimental data to a cloud disk (https://www.jianguoyun.com/p/DTnH9WsQ9djyCxjnmJYFIAA). Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/supplementary material. We have uploaded all my source code and experimental data to a cloud disk (https://www.jianguoyun.com/p/DTnH9WsQ9djyCxjnmJYFIAA). Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.", "access_statement_kind": "data_availability_statement", "sample_accessions": ["GSM746726", "GSM746727", "GSM746728", "GSM746729", "GSM746730", "GSM746731", "GSM746732", "GSM746733", "GSM746734", "GSM746735", "GSM746736", "GSM746737", "GSM746738", "GSM746739", "GSM746740", "GSM746741", "GSM746742", "GSM746743", "GSM746744", "GSM746745", "GSM746746", "GSM746747", "GSM746748", "GSM746750", "GSM746751", "GSM746752"], "sample_count": 26, "group_sizes": null, "group_sizes_basis": null, "platform": "570", "taxon": "Homo sapiens", "title": "B cell signature during inactive systemic lupus", "resolution_checked_at": "2026-11-01T15:39:54Z", "resolution_check": "identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE49454", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE49454", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE49454", "version": null, "note": "The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/supplementary material. We have uploaded all my source code and experimental data to a cloud disk (https://www.jianguoyun.com/p/DTnH9WsQ9djyCxjnmJYFIAA). Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/supplementary material. We have uploaded all my source code and experimental data to a cloud disk (https://www.jianguoyun.com/p/DTnH9WsQ9djyCxjnmJYFIAA). 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We have uploaded all my source code and experimental data to a cloud disk (https://www.jianguoyun.com/p/DTnH9WsQ9djyCxjnmJYFIAA). Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/supplementary material. We have uploaded all my source code and experimental data to a cloud disk (https://www.jianguoyun.com/p/DTnH9WsQ9djyCxjnmJYFIAA). 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We have uploaded all my source code and experimental data to a cloud disk (https://www.jianguoyun.com/p/DTnH9WsQ9djyCxjnmJYFIAA). Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/supplementary material. We have uploaded all my source code and experimental data to a cloud disk (https://www.jianguoyun.com/p/DTnH9WsQ9djyCxjnmJYFIAA). Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.", "access_statement_kind": "data_availability_statement", "sample_accessions": ["GSM2159829", "GSM2159830", "GSM2159831", "GSM2159832", "GSM2159833", "GSM2159834", "GSM2159835", "GSM2159836", "GSM2159837", "GSM2159838", "GSM2159839", "GSM2159840", "GSM2159841", "GSM2159842", "GSM2159843", "GSM2159844", "GSM2159845", "GSM2159846", "GSM2159847", "GSM2159848", "GSM2159849", "GSM2159850", "GSM2159851", "GSM2159852", "GSM2159853", "GSM2159854", "GSM2159855", "GSM2159856", "GSM2159857", "GSM2159858", "GSM2159859", "GSM2159860", "GSM2159861", "GSM2159862", "GSM2159863", "GSM2159864", "GSM2159865", "GSM2159866", "GSM2159867", "GSM2159868", "GSM2159869", "GSM2159870", "GSM2159871", "GSM2159872", "GSM2159873", "GSM2159874", "GSM2159875", "GSM2159876", "GSM2159877", "GSM2159878", "GSM2159879", "GSM2159880", "GSM2159881", "GSM2159882", "GSM2159883"], "sample_count": 55, "group_sizes": null, "group_sizes_basis": null, "platform": "10558", "taxon": "Homo sapiens", "title": "Whole genome transcription and DNA methylation analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells identified aberrant gene regulation pathways in systemic lupus erythematosus [expression]", "resolution_checked_at": "2026-11-01T15:39:55Z", "resolution_check": "identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE99967", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE99967", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE99967", "version": null, "note": "The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/supplementary material. We have uploaded all my source code and experimental data to a cloud disk (https://www.jianguoyun.com/p/DTnH9WsQ9djyCxjnmJYFIAA). Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/supplementary material. We have uploaded all my source code and experimental data to a cloud disk (https://www.jianguoyun.com/p/DTnH9WsQ9djyCxjnmJYFIAA). Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.", "access_statement_kind": "data_availability_statement", "sample_accessions": ["GSM2666720", "GSM2666721", "GSM2666722", "GSM2666723", "GSM2666724", "GSM2666725", "GSM2666726", "GSM2666727", "GSM2666728", "GSM2666729", "GSM2666730", "GSM2666731", "GSM2666732", "GSM2666733", "GSM2666734", "GSM2666735", "GSM2666736", "GSM2666737", "GSM2666738", "GSM2666739", "GSM2666740", "GSM2666741", "GSM2666742", "GSM2666743", "GSM2666744", "GSM2666745", "GSM2666746", "GSM2666747", "GSM2666748", "GSM2666749", "GSM2666750", "GSM2666751", "GSM2666752", "GSM2666753", "GSM2666754", "GSM2666755", "GSM2666756", "GSM2666757", "GSM2666758", "GSM2666759", "GSM2666760", "GSM2666761", "GSM2666762", "GSM2666763", "GSM2666764", "GSM2666765", "GSM2666766", "GSM2666767", "GSM2666768", "GSM2666769", "GSM2666770", "GSM2666771", "GSM2666772", "GSM2666773", "GSM2666774", "GSM2666775", "GSM2666776", "GSM2666777", "GSM2666778"], "sample_count": 59, "group_sizes": null, "group_sizes_basis": null, "platform": "21970", "taxon": "Homo sapiens", "title": "Identification of a neutrophil-related gene expression signature that distinguishes between adult patients with and without nephritis in active systemic lupus erythematosus", "resolution_checked_at": "2026-11-01T17:30:42Z", "resolution_check": "identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}], "gaps": ["asset:data:geo:GSE30153 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE30153 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE49454 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE49454 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE50772 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE50772 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE61635 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE61635 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE81622 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE81622 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE99967 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE99967 licence not read"]}, "analysis": {"state": "partial", "methods": [{"id": "method-1", "family": "differential_expression", "specific": "limma_voom", "label": "Differential expression analysis", "dsl_operations": ["normalise_counts", "differential_expression_fit", "fdr_bh"], "missing_operations": [], "expressible": true, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": ["count_matrix_with_condition"], "evidence": {"score": 1.0, "band": "verbatim", "quote": "The limma package in R program [19] was used to evaluate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between SLE and healthy controls, using cutoffs for adjustment: p-value < 0.05 and FC (fold changes) > 1.5."}}, {"id": "method-2", "family": "group_comparison", "specific": "wilcoxon", "label": "Group comparison", "dsl_operations": [], "missing_operations": ["group_comparison_wilcoxon"], "expressible": false, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": ["two_or_more_groups_continuous"], "evidence": {"score": 0.8, "band": "high", "quote": "Wilcoxon"}}, {"id": "method-3", "family": "machine_learning", "specific": "random_forest", "label": "Machine learning", "dsl_operations": [], "missing_operations": ["machine_learning_random_forest"], "expressible": false, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": ["labelled_feature_matrix"], "evidence": {"score": 0.7, "band": "medium", "quote": "random forest"}}, {"id": "method-4", "family": "machine_learning", "specific": "support_vector_machine", "label": "Machine learning", "dsl_operations": ["train_classifier", "cross_validate", "roc_auc"], "missing_operations": [], "expressible": true, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": ["labelled_feature_matrix"], "evidence": {"score": 0.7, "band": "medium", "quote": "support vector machine"}}, {"id": "method-5", "family": "regression_modelling", "specific": "logistic", "label": "Regression modelling", "dsl_operations": ["glm_logit_fit"], "missing_operations": [], "expressible": true, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": ["predictors_and_outcome"], "evidence": {"score": 0.7, "band": "medium", "quote": "logistic regression"}}, {"id": "method-6", "family": "network_analysis", "specific": "ppi_network", "label": "Network / pathway analysis", "dsl_operations": ["build_graph", "centrality_scores", "pathway_enrich"], "missing_operations": [], "expressible": true, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": ["edge_list"], "evidence": {"score": 0.7, "band": "medium", "quote": "protein-protein interaction"}}, {"id": "method-7", "family": "model_calibration", "specific": "decision_curve", "label": "Model calibration / clinical utility", "dsl_operations": ["calibration_bins", "net_benefit"], "missing_operations": [], "expressible": true, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": ["predictions_and_outcomes"], "evidence": {"score": 0.8, "band": "high", "quote": "Decision Curve Analysis"}}], "targets": [{"id": "target-published-estimate", "claim_id": "claim-target-result", "operation": "build_graph", "expected_value": 95.0, "unit": "per cent", "tolerance": null, "state": "complete", "note": "The published estimate as the reader quoted it from the paper. No tolerance is published because the paper states none."}, {"id": "target-published-estimate-auc", "claim_id": "claim-target-result", "operation": "build_graph", "expected_value": 0.967, "unit": "auc", "tolerance": null, "state": "complete", "note": "The published estimate as the reader quoted it from the paper. No tolerance is published because the paper states none."}], "gaps": ["method.reader_differs_from_extractor"]}, "capability": {"state": "complete", "requirements": [{"capability_id": "capability:computational_analysis", "label": "Computational analysis platform", "assay_families": ["meta_analysis", "machine_learning", "survival_analysis", "statistical_regression", "pca", "molecular_docking", "network_analysis", "differential_expression", "gwas"], "availability_state": "owned", "tier_unlocked": "R1", "candidate": "Automated Assays Laravel application and simulated adapters"}], "gaps": []}, "readiness": {"state": "complete", "tier": "R1", "blocking_axis": "none", "blocked_on": "nothing:replicable_now", "axes": {"method": {"tier": "R1", "expressible": true, "required_operations": ["normalise_counts", "differential_expression_fit", "fdr_bh"], "missing_operations": [], "basis": "The paper names the method it used and the corpus's method extractor maps it onto the DSL catalogue: limma_voom."}, "capability": {"tier": "R1", "capability_id": "capability:computational_analysis", "availability_state": "owned", "basis": "The computational analysis is owned. The physical bench the paper used is not, so a physical validation cannot be run here."}, "data": {"tier": "R1", "reachable": true, "accessions": ["GSE61635", "GSE50772", "GSE30153", "GSE99967", "GSE81622", "GSE49454"], "resolved_accessions": ["GSE61635", "GSE50772", "GSE30153", "GSE99967", "GSE81622", "GSE49454"], "statements": ["The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/supplementary material. We have uploaded all my source code and experimental data to a cloud disk (https://www.jianguoyun.com/p/DTnH9WsQ9djyCxjnmJYFIAA). Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author."], "basis": "The paper names GSE61635, GSE50772, GSE30153, GSE99967, GSE81622, GSE49454 in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the accession resolves in the repository. No dataset was downloaded and no licence was read."}}, "can_run": {"dsl_operations": ["normalise_counts", "differential_expression_fit", "fdr_bh"], "assets": ["source:pmid:38044432", "data:geo:GSE30153"], "steps": ["run_analysis"]}, "must_build": {"dsl_operations": [], "converters": [], "readers": [], "capabilities": [], "data_gaps": ["data:geo:GSE30153"]}, "gaps": []}, "review": {"state": "partial", "machine_critique": {"kind": "extraction_review", "reader": {"model": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "provider": "minimax", "provider_family": "minimax", "read_at": "2026-11-01T19:01:23Z", "independence": "single_reader"}, "evidence_check": {"method": "verbatim", "availability": "verbatim"}, "calls": 5, "usage": {"prompt_tokens": 15286, "completion_tokens": 2818, "cached_tokens": 264}}, "human_critique": null, "stages": [{"id": "extraction", "state": "complete", "reader": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "provider": "minimax"}], "gaps": ["review.independent_reader", "review.machine_critique", "review.human_critique"]}, "execution": {"state": "absent", "status": "not_run", "mode": null, "runs": [], "gaps": ["execution.not_run"]}, "provenance": {"entities": [{"id": "pmid:38044432", "type": "paper", "label": "pmid:38044432"}, {"id": "source:pmid:38044432", "type": "manuscript", "label": "PMID 38044432 full text"}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE30153", "type": "dataset", "label": "GEO GSE30153"}], "activities": [{"id": "activity-reading-sci-2026-11-01", "type": "classification", "used": [{"id": "pmid:38044432", "type": "paper", "label": "pmid:38044432"}, {"id": "source:pmid:38044432", "type": "manuscript", "label": "PMID 38044432 full text"}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE30153", "type": "dataset", "label": "GEO GSE30153"}], "agent": "agent:corpus-assay-engine"}, {"id": "activity-read-38044432", "type": "extraction", "used": ["source:pmid:38044432"], "agent": "agent:minimax-reader"}, {"id": "activity-resolve-GSE30153", "type": "accession_resolution", "used": ["data:geo:GSE30153"], "agent": "agent:corpus-assay-engine"}], "agents": [{"id": "agent:corpus-assay-engine", "type": "software", "label": "Corpus assay engine"}, {"id": "agent:minimax-reader", "type": "software", "label": "MiniMax literature reader"}], "source_run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01", "dsl_catalogue_fingerprint": "343fb30756ba6ec3", "capability_table_fingerprint": "2cb3e42f047d2ecf", "snapshot_id": "ba34b49490d9bfaf"}, "lineage": {"parent_id": "pmid:38044432", "parent_hash": "sha256:4ede21d28d10ce338ad957403119f14253bef54976a010864aa4b90f6c5b6a81", "fork_of": null, "generation": 3}, "gaps": ["asset:data:geo:GSE30153 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE30153 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE49454 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE49454 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE50772 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE50772 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE61635 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE61635 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE81622 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE81622 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE99967 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE99967 not downloaded", "execution.not_run", "method.reader_differs_from_extractor", "review.human_critique", "review.independent_reader", "review.machine_critique"], "assays": [{"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "microarray", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.93, "evidence": ["urposes. METHODS: We sourced six SLE-related microarray datasets (GSE61635, GSE50772, GSE30153, GSE9"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:708", "id": "assay:1"}, {"role": "analysis", "definition_id": "differential_expression", "definition_version": "f2132e96ae6c7a4e", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": ["normalise_counts", "differential_expression_fit", "fdr_bh"], "support_state": "supported", "source_hashes": {"dsl_catalogue": "f2132e96ae6c7a4e"}, "confidence": 1.0, "evidence": ["The limma package in R program [19] was used to evaluate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between SLE and healthy controls, using cutoffs for adjustment: p-value < 0.05 and FC (fold changes) > 1.5."], "order_basis": "consumes_earlier_output", "id": "assay:2"}]},"meta":{"api_version":"v1","automation_ladder_snapshot":"ba34b49490d9bfaf","automation_ladder_caveats":["Method extraction is rule-based and has no hand-judged accuracy sample. Evidence bands order textual support; method agreement intervals are null (n=0), never probabilities. Work-type validation does not validate methods.","Operation coverage describes only explicitly named methods. It does not prove a complete protocol, compatible parameters, successful compilation or re-execution. Unrecognised or ambiguous methods require review.","Data reachability is a textual accession or public-data statement. No dataset was downloaded or checked for access, completeness or licence.","Capabilities are planning states seeded from the dated equipment register. No bench ownership, completed quote or partner booking is inferred. Procurement counts are dependencies, not guaranteed replications or financial returns.","Tier and blocker counts are deterministic assessments of this corpus, not measured agreement. R3 is reserved for procurement; unresolved methods and data require human work (R4). The most restrictive axis wins, with capability, method, data as tie-breaks. Resolving one blocker can leave another at the same tier."],"engine":"corpus_engine","engine_provider":"rule_based_v1+lex99e1195c7d6f","run_id":"run-20261023T122449232913","source":"esearch","source_detail":"PubMed mirror biomed_pubmed (read-only)","run_status":"complete","imported_at":"2026-11-03T20:16:52+00:00","generated_at":"2026-11-04T03:48:47+00:00","total_papers":5529,"total_assays_tracked":29,"automatable_assay_families":6,"validated":true,"caveat_count":9,"blocking_caveats":5,"caveats":[{"code":"low_evidence_dominates","basis":["4,152 of 5,529 classifications (75.1%) matched no cue evidence and sit at the 0.05 floor.","34 of 230 data_only calls (14.8%) are in that group."],"claim":"Work type and confidence bands","gloss":"Most records were classified from their title and framing alone, with assay-cue coverage at zero.","detail":"Most classifications in this run rest on no matched evidence at all. At the evidence floor the work type comes from title framing and a fixed prior, not from anything in the paper, so the published work-type split should be read as a rough triage signal rather than a measured distribution. The impact is bounded but not removed: since 2026-10-23 the engine excludes floor-confidence records from the shortlist entirely and publishes them separately as held out, so the recommendation is unaffected even though the census is.","status":"unverified","severity":"high"},{"code":"runtime_is_modelled","basis":["Runtime is summed from published per-assay hour figures. Timing awaits the first executed replication.","4,407 of 5,529 records (79.7%) model to 0.00 hours because no assay was matched, which the ranking then reads as \"cheapest\".","0 of 10 shortlisted records carry a 0.00-hour estimate."],"claim":"Estimated replication runtime","gloss":"The hour figures are estimates built from assay mentions; timing awaits the first executed replication.","detail":"The hour figures are a cost model derived from the bench steps implied by each matched assay family. The first executed replication will supply measured timing. Records without an assay match currently receive a zero-hour model value.","status":"unverified","severity":"high"},{"code":"signal_score_without_citations","basis":["5,529 of 5,529 records (100.0%) have no citation count from the source metadata."],"claim":"Signal score","gloss":"The signal score uses publication-type weight because the mirror supplied zero citation counts.","detail":"The source supplied no citation counts for any record in this run, so the signal score is publication-type weight only. The citation term of the ranking is inert here, and the shortlist is ordered by publication type alone.","status":"unverified","severity":"high"},{"code":"abstract_absent","basis":["1,667 of 5,529 records (30.2%) carry no abstract at all."],"claim":"Evidence base for classification","gloss":"Some records contain a title and publication type only, defining the available classification evidence.","detail":"Where the mirror contains a title and publication types only, those fields define the classifier evidence. A methods section is required for fuller automated and human review.","status":"unverified","severity":"medium"},{"code":"classifier_agreement_measured","basis":["Published two-way decision agreement 77.7% (310 of 399 decidable records) from a stratified hand-check of 438 real records.","Three-way diagnostic agreement 73.9% (288 of 390 decidable records).","data_only agreement 75.2% (100 of 133 decidable).","48 record(s) could not be decided from title and abstract and were excluded from the denominator.","56 analysis-only records were published under another work type, so the data_only share is not an upper bound."],"claim":"Published automatable decision","gloss":"This figure has been checked against a human reading the same papers, so we know how often it is right.","detail":"The published automatable / not-automatable distribution comes from a rule-based classifier that was hand-checked against a fixed ground-truth definition. The agreement rates below are measured, not estimated. The three-way work type remains a diagnostic and is reported separately.","status":"measured","severity":"high"},{"code":"llm_comparison_not_measured","basis":["rule_based_v1+lex99e1195c7d6f produced 5,529 of 5,529 classifications.","Measured on 438 labelled records; these are RULE-BASED figures, not model results."],"claim":"Rule-based versus LLM agreement","gloss":"Every number here is the rule engine’s own. Model comparison begins when a working API credential is connected and measured.","detail":"The published two-way decision agreed with a human reading on 310 of 399 decidable records (77.7%). The diagnostic three-way label agreed on 288 of 390 decidable records (73.9%). Every percentage in this run belongs to the rule engine. Model comparison begins when a working API credential is connected and measured.","status":"not_measured","severity":"high"},{"code":"confidence_is_a_band","basis":["low band: 135 of 210 hand-judged records were correct, 64.3% [57.6, 70.5] (95% CI).","medium band: 80 of 104 hand-judged records were correct, 76.9% [68.0, 84.0] (95% CI).","high band: 73 of 76 hand-judged records were correct, 96.0% [89.0, 98.7] (95% CI).","A fitted calibrated probability was built, measured and withdrawn: it overstated held-out accuracy and reorders nothing."],"claim":"Confidence band and evidence score","gloss":"The confidence band carries a measured accuracy interval; 0.85 represents relative rank strength.","detail":"Confidence on this run is a BAND plus its measured accuracy interval. The number stored alongside each record is a monotone evidence score that orders records; 0.85 represents relative rank strength. A fitted probability was withdrawn after it overstated held-out accuracy. Threshold on the band.","status":"measured","severity":"medium"},{"code":"three_way_split_is_diagnostic","basis":["The corpus is published at the two-way decision: automatable or not-automatable. The three-way split (data_only / physical / mixed) is published as a diagnostic with its measured reliability attached, not as a claim, because the rule engine's `mixed` call cannot be defended.","The engine called 22 record(s) mixed; 10 matched the human judgement (45.5%, 95% CI 26.9-65.3).","The engine's `mixed` call is right on 10/22 hand-judged records (45.5%, 95% CI 26.9%-65.3%); a constant `physical` guess scores 36.4%.","The engine's `mixed` call does not reliably beat a constant `physical` guess on the hand-judged records it labels mixed.","The sign of that difference flips between two independent samples, so the three-way refinement is not demonstrably informative.","The mixed stratum contributes a disproportionate share of errors relative to its size.","At title-only depth the physical/mixed split collapses: a title says that work was done, not whether it was also analysed."],"claim":"The published decision is two-way","gloss":"The three-way split is shown for diagnosis only. The published split is two ways.","detail":"Count and filter the corpus on automatable versus not-automatable. The data_only / physical / mixed split remains an internal engine diagnostic because the mixed call has lower measured reliability.","status":"measured","severity":"medium"},{"code":"automatable_flag_unproven","basis":["6 of 29 assay families are marked automatable now: meta_analysis, machine_learning, survival_analysis, pca, molecular_docking, differential_expression.","The flag is a rule over assay family and work type; validation begins with the first executed replication.","It inherits the 75.2% data_only agreement rate, because the flag requires the record to be analysis-only."],"claim":"Automatable now","gloss":"This flag marks assay families the rules classify as data-only. The first executed replication will validate it.","detail":"This flag marks families the rules consider replicable from data alone. Its validity depends on the analysis-only classification and will be measured through an executed replication.","status":"unverified","severity":"medium"}],"confidence_policy":"band_with_measured_interval","confidence_contract":{"policy":"band_with_measured_interval","summary":"Confidence is reported as a BAND with a measured accuracy interval. The raw evidence score supplies monotone ordering. A fitted point estimate was withdrawn after it overstated held-out accuracy.","evidence_score":"A monotone evidence score in [0,1] built from cue mass, axis separation and text coverage. Use it to order records. Interpret 0.85 as relative rank strength.","confidence_band":"low | medium | high. Consumers threshold on this value.","band_accuracy":"Wilson 95% interval on the measured agreement of the hand-judged records in this band.","calibrated_confidence":"WITHDRAWN. Reintroduction requires held-out evidence demonstrating reliable estimates across every bin."},"band_accuracy":{"low":{"n":210,"low":0.576,"band":"low","high":0.7046,"agree":135,"accuracy":0.6429},"high":{"n":76,"low":0.8903,"band":"high","high":0.9865,"agree":73,"accuracy":0.9605},"medium":{"n":104,"low":0.6795,"band":"medium","high":0.8397,"agree":80,"accuracy":0.7692}},"provider":"rule_based_v1+lex99e1195c7d6f","lexicon_id":"99e1195c7d6f","contract_published_at":"2026-10-23T12:25:29.022232+00:00","confidence_is_band":true,"confidence_is_probability":false,"decision_taxonomy":"two_way","decidable_fraction_two_way":0.8854,"decidable_fraction_two_way_low":0.8565,"decidable_fraction_two_way_high":0.9143,"decidable_fraction_three_way":0.8586,"decidable_fraction_three_way_low":0.8287,"decidable_fraction_three_way_high":0.8884,"decidable_population":5529,"validation_sample_size":438,"three_way_cost_fraction":0.0268,"three_way_cost_records":148,"decision_counts":{"automatable":230,"not_automatable":5299},"decision_split":{"automatable":{"count":230,"share":0.04159884246699222},"not_automatable":{"count":5299,"share":0.9584011575330078}},"diagnostic_work_type_counts":{"mixed":24,"physical":5275,"data_only":230}}}