{"data":{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:39081806", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 2, "content_hash": "sha256:26e2473dcd158f90029d2775286ac047597cd22dd52a8d8af39a5558715fb82e", "created_at": "2026-11-01T20:29:09Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T21:33:33Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Identification of the CDH18 gene associated with age-related macular degeneration using weighted gene co-expression network analysis.", "doi": "10.3389/fgene.2024.1378340", "pmid": "39081806", "authors": ["Guina Liu", "Mingqi Tan", "Rui Liu", "Xuejin Lu", "Xiaoshuang Jiang", "Yunpeng Bai", "Zhigang Guo", "Fang Lu"], "journal": "Frontiers in genetics", "year": 2024, "abstract": "Purpose: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a chronic and progressive macular degenerative disease that culminates in a gradual deterioration of central vision. Despite its prevalence, the key biomarkers for AMD have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we aimed to efficiently identify biomarkers crucial for diagnosing AMD. Methods: Three datasets pertaining to retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)/choroid tissues associated with AMD were selected from the GEO database. The GSE50195 dataset was utilized to conduct weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) for identifying module genes linked to AMD. KEGG and GO enrichment analyses were subsequently conducted on these module genes. GSE29801 and GSE135092 datasets were subjected to differential expression analysis to pinpoint the DEGs intersecting with the module genes. Subsequently, wet AMD (wAMD) and dry AMD (dAMD) mouse models were developed, from which RPE/choroid tissues were harvested to validate the hub genes via RT-qPCR and Western blot. Results: Using the WGCNA, we selected the \"antiquewhite4\" module (r = 0.91 and p = 7e-07), which contains a total of 325 genes. Through the intersection of module genes with DEGs, nine hub genes were identified. Pathways involved in complement and coagulation cascades, ECM-receptor interactions, unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, and fatty acid elongation play important roles in AMD. Notably, CDH18 demonstrated notable variance across all three datasets. Post validation using RT-qPCR experiments revealed a significant downregulation of CDH18 in both dAMD and wAMD. EGLN3 was expressed at low levels in wAMD. In dAMD, EYA2, LTB, and PODXL were significantly downregulated, whereas APOC1 was notably upregulated. Western blot confirmed that CDH18 was lowly expressed in dAMD and wAMD mouse models. Conclusion: CDH18 was identified as the key gene involved in the pathogenesis of AMD. An imbalance of the complement and coagulation cascades is a potential mechanism of AMD. This study provides a novel idea for diagnosing and treating AMD in the future.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "Statistical analysis was performed with R 4.2.1 software (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) and GraphPad Prism 9.0 software (GraphPad Software, Inc., La Jolla, CA) using an independent sample t-test when comparing the two groups.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:39081806", "locator": "sections[15] \"Statistical analysis\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Statistical analysis was performed with R 4.2.1 software (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) and GraphPad Prism 9.0 software (GraphPad Software, Inc., La Jolla, CA) using an independent sample t-test when comparing the two groups."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Material; further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:39081806", "locator": "sections[24] \"Data availability statement\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Material; further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "CDH18 expression in both the dAMD and wAMD model groups was significantly lower than that in the control group.", "kind": "quantitative", "target": {"value": 0.0001, "unit": "p-value", "tolerance": null, "source": "The detection of total mRNA from RPE/choroid tissues showed that CDH18 expression in both the dAMD and wAMD model groups was significantly lower than that in the control group (Figure 7A, p < 0.0001), which was consistent with the results from public datasets (Supplementary Figure S1)."}, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:39081806", "locator": "sections[22] \"Validation of the expression of hub genes\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The detection of total mRNA from RPE/choroid tissues showed that CDH18 expression in both the dAMD and wAMD model groups was significantly lower than that in the control group (Figure 7A, p < 0.0001), which was consistent with the results from public datasets (Supplementary Figure S1)."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "CDH18 expression in both the dAMD and wAMD model groups was significantly lower than that in the control group.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:39081806"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE135092"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE135092"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": []}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:39081806", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2024.1378340", "sha256": 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"GSM738641", "GSM738642", "GSM738643", "GSM738644", "GSM738645", "GSM738646", "GSM738647", "GSM738648", "GSM738649", "GSM738650", "GSM738651", "GSM738652", "GSM738653", "GSM738654", "GSM738655", "GSM738656", "GSM738657", "GSM738658", "GSM738659", "GSM738660", "GSM738661", "GSM738662", "GSM738663", "GSM738664", "GSM738665", "GSM738666", "GSM738667", "GSM738668", "GSM738669", "GSM738670", "GSM738671", "GSM738672", "GSM738673", "GSM738674", "GSM738675", "GSM738676", "GSM738677", "GSM738678", "GSM738679", "GSM738680", "GSM738681", "GSM738682", "GSM738683", "GSM738684", "GSM738685", "GSM738686", "GSM738687", "GSM738688", "GSM738689", "GSM738690", "GSM738691", "GSM738692", "GSM738693", "GSM738694", "GSM738695", "GSM738696", "GSM738697", "GSM738698", "GSM738699", "GSM738700", "GSM738701", "GSM738702", "GSM738703", "GSM738704", "GSM738705", "GSM738706", "GSM738707", "GSM738708", "GSM738709", "GSM738710", "GSM738711", "GSM738712", "GSM738713", "GSM738714", "GSM738715", "GSM738716", "GSM738717", "GSM738718", "GSM738719", "GSM738720", "GSM738721", "GSM738722", "GSM738723", "GSM738724", "GSM738725"], "sample_count": 293, "group_sizes": null, "group_sizes_basis": null, "platform": "4133", "taxon": "Homo sapiens", "title": "Systems-level analysis of age-related macular degeneration reveals global and subtype-specific functional pathways", "resolution_checked_at": "2026-11-01T15:39:54Z", "resolution_check": "identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE50195", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE50195", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE50195", "version": null, "note": "The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Material; further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Material; further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.", "access_statement_kind": "data_availability_statement", "sample_accessions": ["GSM1215520", "GSM1215521", "GSM1215522", "GSM1215523", "GSM1215524", "GSM1215525", "GSM1215526", "GSM1215527", "GSM1215528", "GSM1215529", "GSM1215530", "GSM1215531", "GSM1215532", "GSM1215533", "GSM1215534", "GSM1215535"], "sample_count": 16, "group_sizes": null, "group_sizes_basis": null, "platform": "17629", "taxon": "Homo sapiens", "title": "Expression data for human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)/choroid - early age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and control samples", "resolution_checked_at": "2026-11-01T20:16:08Z", "resolution_check": "identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}], "gaps": ["asset:data:geo:GSE135092 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE135092 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE29801 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE29801 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE50195 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE50195 licence not read"]}, "analysis": {"state": "partial", "methods": [{"id": "method-1", "family": "network_analysis", "specific": "pathway_enrichment", "label": "Network / pathway analysis", "dsl_operations": ["pathway_enrich"], "missing_operations": [], "expressible": true, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": ["edge_list"], "evidence": {"score": 0.7, "band": "medium", "quote": "GO enrichment"}}, {"id": "method-2", "family": null, "specific": null, "label": "independent sample t-test", "dsl_operations": [], "missing_operations": [], "expressible": null, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": [], "evidence": {"score": 1.0, "band": "verbatim", "quote": "Statistical analysis was performed with R 4.2.1 software (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) and GraphPad Prism 9.0 software (GraphPad Software, Inc., La Jolla, CA) using an independent sample t-test when comparing the two groups."}}], "targets": [{"id": "target-published-estimate", "claim_id": "claim-target-result", "operation": "pathway_enrich", "expected_value": 0.0001, "unit": "p-value", "tolerance": null, "state": "complete", "note": "The threshold the paper applied to its own result, as the paper states it. A run that reproduces the effect is judged against this threshold."}], "gaps": ["method.reader_named_unmapped"]}, "capability": {"state": "complete", "requirements": [{"capability_id": "capability:computational_analysis", "label": "Computational analysis platform", "assay_families": ["meta_analysis", "machine_learning", "survival_analysis", "statistical_regression", "pca", "molecular_docking", "network_analysis", "differential_expression", "gwas"], "availability_state": "owned", "tier_unlocked": "R1", "candidate": "Automated Assays Laravel application and simulated adapters"}], "gaps": []}, "readiness": {"state": "complete", "tier": "R1", "blocking_axis": "none", "blocked_on": "nothing:replicable_now", "axes": {"method": {"tier": "R1", "expressible": true, "required_operations": ["pathway_enrich"], "missing_operations": [], "basis": "The paper names the method it used and the corpus's method extractor maps it onto the DSL catalogue: pathway_enrichment."}, "capability": {"tier": "R1", "capability_id": "capability:computational_analysis", "availability_state": "owned", "basis": "The computational analysis is owned. The physical bench the paper used is not, so a physical validation cannot be run here."}, "data": {"tier": "R1", "reachable": true, "accessions": ["GSE29801", "GSE135092", "GSE50195"], "resolved_accessions": ["GSE29801", "GSE135092", "GSE50195"], "statements": ["The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Material; further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author."], "basis": "The paper names GSE29801, GSE135092, GSE50195 in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the accession resolves in the repository. No dataset was downloaded and no licence was read."}}, "can_run": {"dsl_operations": ["pathway_enrich"], "assets": ["source:pmid:39081806", "data:geo:GSE135092"], "steps": ["run_analysis"]}, "must_build": {"dsl_operations": [], "converters": [], "readers": [], "capabilities": [], "data_gaps": ["data:geo:GSE135092"]}, "gaps": []}, "review": {"state": "partial", "machine_critique": {"kind": "extraction_review", "reader": {"model": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "provider": "minimax", "provider_family": "minimax", "read_at": "2026-11-01T19:25:46Z", "independence": "single_reader"}, "evidence_check": {"method": "verbatim", "availability": "verbatim"}, "calls": 5, "usage": {"prompt_tokens": 11268, "completion_tokens": 2180, "cached_tokens": 256}}, "human_critique": null, "stages": [{"id": "extraction", "state": "complete", "reader": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "provider": "minimax"}], "gaps": ["review.independent_reader", "review.machine_critique", "review.human_critique"]}, "execution": {"state": "absent", "status": "not_run", "mode": null, "runs": [], "gaps": ["execution.not_run"]}, "provenance": {"entities": [{"id": "pmid:39081806", "type": "paper", "label": "pmid:39081806"}, {"id": "source:pmid:39081806", "type": "manuscript", "label": "PMID 39081806 full text"}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE135092", "type": "dataset", "label": "GEO GSE135092"}], "activities": [{"id": "activity-reading-sci-2026-11-01", "type": "classification", "used": [{"id": "pmid:39081806", "type": "paper", "label": "pmid:39081806"}, {"id": "source:pmid:39081806", "type": "manuscript", "label": "PMID 39081806 full text"}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE135092", "type": "dataset", "label": "GEO GSE135092"}], "agent": "agent:corpus-assay-engine"}, {"id": "activity-read-39081806", "type": "extraction", "used": ["source:pmid:39081806"], "agent": "agent:minimax-reader"}, {"id": "activity-resolve-GSE135092", "type": "accession_resolution", "used": ["data:geo:GSE135092"], "agent": "agent:corpus-assay-engine"}], "agents": [{"id": "agent:corpus-assay-engine", "type": "software", "label": "Corpus assay engine"}, {"id": "agent:minimax-reader", "type": "software", "label": "MiniMax literature reader"}], "source_run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01", "dsl_catalogue_fingerprint": "343fb30756ba6ec3", "capability_table_fingerprint": "2cb3e42f047d2ecf", "snapshot_id": "ba34b49490d9bfaf"}, "lineage": {"parent_id": "pmid:39081806", "parent_hash": "sha256:88119aa9bc77c8ff275a65f9b543afd374ab3124fb93d7f8d95f47ba12026126", "fork_of": null, "generation": 1}, "gaps": ["asset:data:geo:GSE135092 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE135092 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE29801 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE29801 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE50195 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE50195 not downloaded", "execution.not_run", "method.reader_named_unmapped", "review.human_critique", "review.independent_reader", "review.machine_critique"], "assays": [{"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "animal_model", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.99, "evidence": ["sequently, wet AMD (wAMD) and dry AMD (dAMD) mouse models were developed, from which RPE/choroi", "t CDH18 was lowly expressed in dAMD and wAMD mouse models. Conclusion: CDH18 was identified as", "iven free access to food and drinking water. Mice were housed in a pathogen-free room at constant t", "h light–dark cycle. Unless otherwise stated, mice were anesthetized with intraperitoneal ketamine ("], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:988", "id": "assay:1"}, {"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "qpcr", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.99, "evidence": ["were harvested to validate the hub genes via RT-qPCR and Western blot. Results: Using the WGCNA,", "ss all three datasets. Post validation using RT-qPCR experiments revealed a significant downregul", "e harvested to validate the hub genes via RT-qPCR and Western blot. Results: Using the WGCNA,", "all three datasets. Post validation using RT-qPCR experiments revealed a significant downregul"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:1093", "id": "assay:2"}, {"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "western_blot", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.99, "evidence": ["ed to validate the hub genes via RT-qPCR and Western blot. Results: Using the WGCNA, we selected the \"", "ated, whereas APOC1 was notably upregulated. Western blot confirmed that CDH18 was lowly expressed in"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:1105", "id": "assay:3"}, {"role": "analysis", "definition_id": "network_analysis", "definition_version": "f2132e96ae6c7a4e", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": ["pathway_enrich"], "support_state": "supported", "source_hashes": {"dsl_catalogue": "f2132e96ae6c7a4e"}, "confidence": 0.7, "evidence": ["GO enrichment"], "order_basis": "consumes_earlier_output", "id": "assay:4"}]},"meta":{"api_version":"v1","automation_ladder_snapshot":"ba34b49490d9bfaf","automation_ladder_caveats":["Method extraction is rule-based and has no hand-judged accuracy sample. Evidence bands order textual support; method agreement intervals are null (n=0), never probabilities. Work-type validation does not validate methods.","Operation coverage describes only explicitly named methods. It does not prove a complete protocol, compatible parameters, successful compilation or re-execution. Unrecognised or ambiguous methods require review.","Data reachability is a textual accession or public-data statement. No dataset was downloaded or checked for access, completeness or licence.","Capabilities are planning states seeded from the dated equipment register. No bench ownership, completed quote or partner booking is inferred. Procurement counts are dependencies, not guaranteed replications or financial returns.","Tier and blocker counts are deterministic assessments of this corpus, not measured agreement. R3 is reserved for procurement; unresolved methods and data require human work (R4). The most restrictive axis wins, with capability, method, data as tie-breaks. Resolving one blocker can leave another at the same tier."],"engine":"corpus_engine","engine_provider":"rule_based_v1+lex99e1195c7d6f","run_id":"run-20261023T122449232913","source":"esearch","source_detail":"PubMed mirror biomed_pubmed (read-only)","run_status":"complete","imported_at":"2026-11-03T20:16:52+00:00","generated_at":"2026-11-04T03:35:09+00:00","total_papers":5529,"total_assays_tracked":29,"automatable_assay_families":6,"validated":true,"caveat_count":9,"blocking_caveats":5,"caveats":[{"code":"low_evidence_dominates","basis":["4,152 of 5,529 classifications (75.1%) matched no cue evidence and sit at the 0.05 floor.","34 of 230 data_only calls (14.8%) are in that group."],"claim":"Work type and confidence bands","gloss":"Most records were classified from their title and framing alone, with assay-cue coverage at zero.","detail":"Most classifications in this run rest on no matched evidence at all. At the evidence floor the work type comes from title framing and a fixed prior, not from anything in the paper, so the published work-type split should be read as a rough triage signal rather than a measured distribution. The impact is bounded but not removed: since 2026-10-23 the engine excludes floor-confidence records from the shortlist entirely and publishes them separately as held out, so the recommendation is unaffected even though the census is.","status":"unverified","severity":"high"},{"code":"runtime_is_modelled","basis":["Runtime is summed from published per-assay hour figures. Timing awaits the first executed replication.","4,407 of 5,529 records (79.7%) model to 0.00 hours because no assay was matched, which the ranking then reads as \"cheapest\".","0 of 10 shortlisted records carry a 0.00-hour estimate."],"claim":"Estimated replication runtime","gloss":"The hour figures are estimates built from assay mentions; timing awaits the first executed replication.","detail":"The hour figures are a cost model derived from the bench steps implied by each matched assay family. The first executed replication will supply measured timing. Records without an assay match currently receive a zero-hour model value.","status":"unverified","severity":"high"},{"code":"signal_score_without_citations","basis":["5,529 of 5,529 records (100.0%) have no citation count from the source metadata."],"claim":"Signal score","gloss":"The signal score uses publication-type weight because the mirror supplied zero citation counts.","detail":"The source supplied no citation counts for any record in this run, so the signal score is publication-type weight only. The citation term of the ranking is inert here, and the shortlist is ordered by publication type alone.","status":"unverified","severity":"high"},{"code":"abstract_absent","basis":["1,667 of 5,529 records (30.2%) carry no abstract at all."],"claim":"Evidence base for classification","gloss":"Some records contain a title and publication type only, defining the available classification evidence.","detail":"Where the mirror contains a title and publication types only, those fields define the classifier evidence. A methods section is required for fuller automated and human review.","status":"unverified","severity":"medium"},{"code":"classifier_agreement_measured","basis":["Published two-way decision agreement 77.7% (310 of 399 decidable records) from a stratified hand-check of 438 real records.","Three-way diagnostic agreement 73.9% (288 of 390 decidable records).","data_only agreement 75.2% (100 of 133 decidable).","48 record(s) could not be decided from title and abstract and were excluded from the denominator.","56 analysis-only records were published under another work type, so the data_only share is not an upper bound."],"claim":"Published automatable decision","gloss":"This figure has been checked against a human reading the same papers, so we know how often it is right.","detail":"The published automatable / not-automatable distribution comes from a rule-based classifier that was hand-checked against a fixed ground-truth definition. The agreement rates below are measured, not estimated. The three-way work type remains a diagnostic and is reported separately.","status":"measured","severity":"high"},{"code":"llm_comparison_not_measured","basis":["rule_based_v1+lex99e1195c7d6f produced 5,529 of 5,529 classifications.","Measured on 438 labelled records; these are RULE-BASED figures, not model results."],"claim":"Rule-based versus LLM agreement","gloss":"Every number here is the rule engine’s own. Model comparison begins when a working API credential is connected and measured.","detail":"The published two-way decision agreed with a human reading on 310 of 399 decidable records (77.7%). The diagnostic three-way label agreed on 288 of 390 decidable records (73.9%). Every percentage in this run belongs to the rule engine. Model comparison begins when a working API credential is connected and measured.","status":"not_measured","severity":"high"},{"code":"confidence_is_a_band","basis":["low band: 135 of 210 hand-judged records were correct, 64.3% [57.6, 70.5] (95% CI).","medium band: 80 of 104 hand-judged records were correct, 76.9% [68.0, 84.0] (95% CI).","high band: 73 of 76 hand-judged records were correct, 96.0% [89.0, 98.7] (95% CI).","A fitted calibrated probability was built, measured and withdrawn: it overstated held-out accuracy and reorders nothing."],"claim":"Confidence band and evidence score","gloss":"The confidence band carries a measured accuracy interval; 0.85 represents relative rank strength.","detail":"Confidence on this run is a BAND plus its measured accuracy interval. The number stored alongside each record is a monotone evidence score that orders records; 0.85 represents relative rank strength. A fitted probability was withdrawn after it overstated held-out accuracy. Threshold on the band.","status":"measured","severity":"medium"},{"code":"three_way_split_is_diagnostic","basis":["The corpus is published at the two-way decision: automatable or not-automatable. The three-way split (data_only / physical / mixed) is published as a diagnostic with its measured reliability attached, not as a claim, because the rule engine's `mixed` call cannot be defended.","The engine called 22 record(s) mixed; 10 matched the human judgement (45.5%, 95% CI 26.9-65.3).","The engine's `mixed` call is right on 10/22 hand-judged records (45.5%, 95% CI 26.9%-65.3%); a constant `physical` guess scores 36.4%.","The engine's `mixed` call does not reliably beat a constant `physical` guess on the hand-judged records it labels mixed.","The sign of that difference flips between two independent samples, so the three-way refinement is not demonstrably informative.","The mixed stratum contributes a disproportionate share of errors relative to its size.","At title-only depth the physical/mixed split collapses: a title says that work was done, not whether it was also analysed."],"claim":"The published decision is two-way","gloss":"The three-way split is shown for diagnosis only. The published split is two ways.","detail":"Count and filter the corpus on automatable versus not-automatable. The data_only / physical / mixed split remains an internal engine diagnostic because the mixed call has lower measured reliability.","status":"measured","severity":"medium"},{"code":"automatable_flag_unproven","basis":["6 of 29 assay families are marked automatable now: meta_analysis, machine_learning, survival_analysis, pca, molecular_docking, differential_expression.","The flag is a rule over assay family and work type; validation begins with the first executed replication.","It inherits the 75.2% data_only agreement rate, because the flag requires the record to be analysis-only."],"claim":"Automatable now","gloss":"This flag marks assay families the rules classify as data-only. The first executed replication will validate it.","detail":"This flag marks families the rules consider replicable from data alone. Its validity depends on the analysis-only classification and will be measured through an executed replication.","status":"unverified","severity":"medium"}],"confidence_policy":"band_with_measured_interval","confidence_contract":{"policy":"band_with_measured_interval","summary":"Confidence is reported as a BAND with a measured accuracy interval. The raw evidence score supplies monotone ordering. A fitted point estimate was withdrawn after it overstated held-out accuracy.","evidence_score":"A monotone evidence score in [0,1] built from cue mass, axis separation and text coverage. Use it to order records. Interpret 0.85 as relative rank strength.","confidence_band":"low | medium | high. Consumers threshold on this value.","band_accuracy":"Wilson 95% interval on the measured agreement of the hand-judged records in this band.","calibrated_confidence":"WITHDRAWN. Reintroduction requires held-out evidence demonstrating reliable estimates across every bin."},"band_accuracy":{"low":{"n":210,"low":0.576,"band":"low","high":0.7046,"agree":135,"accuracy":0.6429},"high":{"n":76,"low":0.8903,"band":"high","high":0.9865,"agree":73,"accuracy":0.9605},"medium":{"n":104,"low":0.6795,"band":"medium","high":0.8397,"agree":80,"accuracy":0.7692}},"provider":"rule_based_v1+lex99e1195c7d6f","lexicon_id":"99e1195c7d6f","contract_published_at":"2026-10-23T12:25:29.022232+00:00","confidence_is_band":true,"confidence_is_probability":false,"decision_taxonomy":"two_way","decidable_fraction_two_way":0.8854,"decidable_fraction_two_way_low":0.8565,"decidable_fraction_two_way_high":0.9143,"decidable_fraction_three_way":0.8586,"decidable_fraction_three_way_low":0.8287,"decidable_fraction_three_way_high":0.8884,"decidable_population":5529,"validation_sample_size":438,"three_way_cost_fraction":0.0268,"three_way_cost_records":148,"decision_counts":{"automatable":230,"not_automatable":5299},"decision_split":{"automatable":{"count":230,"share":0.04159884246699222},"not_automatable":{"count":5299,"share":0.9584011575330078}},"diagnostic_work_type_counts":{"mixed":24,"physical":5275,"data_only":230}}}