{"data":{"sci_version": "1.0", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:39438037", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 2, "content_hash": "sha256:3bfb63b3ad8614752831715eb3101ce93b9f2850a57f332d4cfbe9190059eff6", "created_at": "2026-11-01T10:25:48Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T14:01:32Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "converter": "sep_to_sci_v1", "source_package_schema": "urn:bntrg:sep:1.0.0"}, "paper": {"state": "partial", "title": "Does sedentary behaviour cause spinal pain in children and adolescents? A systematic review with meta-analysis.", "doi": "10.1136/bjsports-2024-108648", "pmid": "39438037", "authors": null, "journal": "British journal of sports medicine", "year": 2025, "abstract": null, "claims": [{"id": "claim-1", "statement": "the adjusted odds ratio of the association between sedentary behaviour and spinal pain in children and adolescents from cross-sectional data", "kind": "quantitative", "state": "complete", "target": {"value": 1.25, "unit": "adjusted odds ratio", "tolerance": null, "source": "chars 721-929 of source sha256 b89a3ea4818c2e3b676590ff0ae5d346728edbc4ab2658c7133fd5633802be84"}, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:39438037", "locator": "chars 721-929 of source sha256 b89a3ea4818c2e3b676590ff0ae5d346728edbc4ab2658c7133fd5633802be84", "quote": "(1) From cross-sectional data, we found low certainty evidence of a small positive association between sedentary behaviour and spinal pain (adjusted odds ratio 1.25 (95% CI 1.17 to 1.33), k = 44, n > 92 617)."}]}], 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"section_title": "Results of syntheses", "row_count": 25, "column_count": 6}, "table": {"label": "Table 1", "caption": "Primary, subgroup and sensitivity analyses by review objective", "rows": [["Meta-analysis"], ["(1) Association analysis:cross-sectional studies", "Adjusted OR(95% CI), n, k, I2 (χ2)", "Adjusted PR(95% CI), n, k, I2 (χ2)", "Unadjusted OR(95% CI), n, k, I2 (χ2)", "Unadjusted PR(95% CI), n, k, I2 (χ2)"], ["Primary", "", "1.25 (1.17 to 1.33), n>92 617, k=44, I2 88.6% (p=0.000)", "1.04 (0.97 to 1.11), n=5754, k=6, I2 15.3% (p=0.316)", "1.27 (1.19 to 1.34), n>118 561, k=75, I2 86.9% (p=0.000)", "1.10 (1.01 to 1.19), n=7930, k=7, I2 60.6% (p=0.018)"], ["Subgroups:sex", "Female", "1.48 (1.25 to 1.76), n=12 092, k=10, I2 93.6% (p=0.000)", "–", "1.62 (1.35 to 1.96), n=11 638, k=13, I20.0% (p=0.621)", "1.20 (1.05 to 1.36), n=2070, k=2, I2 35.2% (p=0.214)"], ["Male", "1.08 (1.02 to 1.15), n=10 846, k=10, I2 34.1% (p=0.135)", "–", "1.14 (0.95 to 1.36), n=10 275, k=13, I28.2% (p=0.364)", "–"], ["Age", "≤13 years", "1.13 (0.93 to 1.38), n=9912, k=5, I2 58.9% (p=0.045)", "–", "1.26 (1.00 to 1.57), n=22 981, k=26, I2 86.8% (p=0.000)", "–"], [">13 years", "1.28 (1.18 to 1.40), n=51 694, k=26, I2 79.8% (p=0.000)", "–", "1.39 (1.22 to 1.58), n=37 165, k=24, I2 71.8% (p=0.000)", "–"], ["SP region", "NP", "1.62 (1.40 to 1.87), n=22 401, k=12, I2 48.6% (p=0.029)", "–", "1.28 (1.15 to 1.44), n=23 137, k=13, I2 70.8% (p=0.000)", "1.37 (1.14 to 1.66), n=2826, k=2, I2 0.0% (p=0.470)"], ["MBP", "1.11 (0.98 to 1.25), n=3814, k=3, I2 18.3% (p=0.294)", "–", "1.03 (0.78 to 1.36), n=5010, k=13 I2 54.8% (p=0.009)", "–"], ["LBP", "1.20 (1.08 to 1.34), n=27 732, k=17, I2 77.6% (p=0.000)", "–", "1.20 (1.07 to 1.36), n=41 393, k=36, I2 83.0% (p=0.000)", "0.92 (0.60 to 1.40), n=2908, k=2, I2 73.1% (p=0.054)"], ["SB type", "Screen", "–", "–", "–", "–"], ["Non-screen", "–", "–", "–", "–"], ["SB duration", ">2 hours/day", "1.47 (1.27 to 1.70), n=44 561, k=14, I2 78.8% (p=0.000)", "1.09 (0.99 to 1.21), n=3 256, k=2, I2 26.7% (p=0.243)", "1.22 (1.00 to 1.47), n=43 105, k=30, I2 83.7% (p=0.000)", "1.07 (0.98 to 1.17), n=1732, k=2, I2 0.0% (p=0.491)"], [">4 hours/day", "1.43 (1.17 to 1.74), n=7744, k=10, I2 41.7% (p=0.079)", "1.05 (0.88 to 1.26), n=406, k=2, I2 0.0% (p=0.967)", "1.47 (1.17 to 1.85), n=18 140, k=12, I2 72.9% (p=0.000)", "–"], [">6 hours/day", "1.70 (1.23 to 2.34), n=13 672, k=7, I2 34.5% (p=0.165)", "–", "1.65 (1.18 to 2.30), n=7271, k=5, I2 40.9% (p=0.149)", "–"], [">8 hours/day", "–", "–", "1.32 (1.15 to 1.51), n=16 419, k=6, I2 21.4% (p=0.272)", "1.22 (0.96 to 1.57), n=4423, k=3, I2 77.1% (p=0.013)"], [">10 hours/day", "–", "–", "1.49 (1.34 to 1.65)n=7437, k=4I2 0.0% (p=0.897)", "–"], ["Sensitivity:RoB", "Low", "1.62 (1.13 to 2.32), n=4399, k=4, I2 84.9% (p=0.000)", "–", "–", "–"], ["(2)Risk assessment:longitudinal studies", "Adjusted OR(95% CI), n, k, I2 (χ2)", "Adjusted RR(95% CI), n, k, I2 (χ2)", "Unadjusted OR(95% CI), n, k, I2 (χ2)", "Unadjusted RR(95% CI), n, k, I2 (χ2)"], ["Primary", "", "–", "1.07 (0.84 to 1.35), n=1292, k=4, I2 48.7% (p=0.119)", "1.13 (0.82 to 1.55), n=850, k=2, I2 0% (p=0.335)", "1.14 (0.76 to 1.70), n=323, k=3, I2 56.4% (p=0.101)"], ["Subgroups:", "", "–", "–", "–", "–"], ["Sensitivity:RoB", "Low", "–", "1.18 (0.57 to 2.45), n=284, k=2, I2 80.1% (p=0.025)", "–", "–"], ["Follow-up duration", "", "–", "–", "–", "–"], ["(3)Prognosis assessment:longitudinal studies"], ["Primary", "", "–", "–", "–", "–"]], "row_count": 25, "column_count": 6, "numeric_cells": 56, "header_rows": 1, "locator": "section[26]/table-wrap[1]#T1"}}, {"id": "asset:table:pmid:39438037:2", "role": "table", "format": "jats-table", "media_type": "application/vnd.jats.table+json", "uri": null, "sha256": "sha256:36d9e41642433897d4aca8b71df58c33ca57c56a39750d011df15543661d43c7", "bytes": 1457, "access": "open", "state": "verified", "reader": "read_table", "reader_status": "available", "identifier": "section[27]/table-wrap[1]#T2", "version": null, "note": "GRADE level of confidence in the certainty of the evidence by review objective", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC11874411", "section_index": 27, "section_title": "Certainty of evidence and reporting bias", "row_count": 14, "column_count": 12}, "table": {"label": "Table 2", "caption": "GRADE level of confidence in the certainty of the evidence by review objective", "rows": [["Primary meta-analyses", "GRADE factors", "Level of confidence"], ["n", "k", "Pooled estimate (95%CI)", "I2", "▼Study limitations*", "▼ Inconsistency†", "▼Imprecision‡", "▼Indirectness§", "▼Reporting bias¶", "▲Moderate to large, pooled estimate", "▲Dose response"], ["Association analysis: cross-sectional studies"], [">92 617", "44", "aOR 1.25 (1.17 to 1.33)", "88.6%", "▼", "▼", "✓", "✓", "▼", "✗", "✗", "Very low"], ["5754", "6", "aPR 1.04 (0.97 to 1.11)", "15.3%", "▼", "✓", "✓", "✓", "▼", "✗", "✗", "Low"], [">118 561", "75", "cOR 1.27 (1.19 to 1.34)", "86.9%", "▼", "▼", "✓", "✓", "▼", "✗", "✗", "Very low"], ["7930", "7", "cPR 1.10 (1.01 to 1.19)", "60.6%", "▼", "▼", "✓", "✓", "▼", "✗", "✗", "Very low"], ["Risk assessment: longitudinal studies"], ["NA", "4", "aOR NA", "NA", "✓", "▼", "✓", "✓", "▼", "✗", "✗", "Low"], ["1292", "4", "aRR 1.07 (0.84 to 1.35)", "48.7%", "▼", "✓", "✓", "✓", "▼", "✗", "✗", "Low"], ["850", "2", "cOR 1.13 (0.82 to 1.55)", "0%", "▼", "✓", "✓", "✓", "▼", "✗", "✗", "Low"], ["323", "3", "cRR 1.14 (0.76 to 1.70)", "56.4%", "✓", "▼", "✓", "✓", "▼", "✗", "✗", "Low"], ["Prognosis assessment: longitudinal studies"], ["0", "0", "NA", "NA", "NA", "NA", "NA", "NA", "NA", "NA", "NA", "NA"]], "row_count": 14, "column_count": 12, "numeric_cells": 32, "header_rows": 2, "locator": "section[27]/table-wrap[1]#T2"}}, {"id": "asset:table:pmid:39438037:3", "role": "table", "format": "jats-table", "media_type": "application/vnd.jats.table+json", "uri": null, "sha256": "sha256:1b23f97016d792cd249b5fad195cdc92aa837448bf7cd10d7e5a2d500478de2d", "bytes": 8155, "access": "open", "state": "verified", "reader": "read_table", "reader_status": "available", "identifier": "section[29]/table-wrap[1]#T3", "version": null, "note": "Summary of longitudinal reports estimating if sedentary behaviour increased the risk for onset of spinal pain", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC11874411", "section_index": 29, "section_title": "Study selection, characteristics and results of individual studies", "row_count": 59, "column_count": 9}, "table": {"label": "Table 3", "caption": "Summary of longitudinal reports estimating if sedentary behaviour increased the risk for onset of spinal pain", "rows": [["Report", "Samplecountry, setting", "Baselinesample size (n=), age range (mean±SD)", "Follow-upPeriod, n= (F%), response rate", "Sedentary behaviourExposure vs reference", "Spinal painoutcome vs reference", "Unadjusted estimate (95%CI)", "Adjusted estimate (95%CI)", "Potential confounders included in the analysis"], ["Aartun 2016167xiv", "Denmark, School students", "n=181, 11– 15 y (NR±NR)", "2 y, n=144 (F46.8%), 87.3%", "TSB: >50th centile vs <50th centile", "SP vs No SP", "RR 0.81 (0.65 to 1.02)", "RR 0.83 (0.66 to 1.04)", "Individual (sex, hand grip strength test)"], ["TSB: >75th centile vs <75th centile", "RR 1.04 (0.70 to 1.55)", "RR 1.02 (0.78 to 1.32)", "Individual (sex, weight squared, height, BMI, waist-to-height ratio, contact/collision sport, 10×5 m shuttle run, hand grip strength test, Andersen test)"], ["TSB: >90th centile vs <90th centile", "RR 0.83 (0.54 to 1.29)", "RR 0.82 (0.52 to 1.28)", "Individual (sex, height, BMI, hand-grip strength test, Andersen test)"], ["Aartun 2016168xiv", "Denmark, School students", "n=906, 11– 15y (NR±NR)", "2y, n=625 (F50.2%), 95.8%", "TSB: >75th centile vs <25th centile", "SP, 1–3 sites vs No SP", "RR 0.99 (0.94 to 1.05)", "–", "–"], ["SP, 2–3 sites vs SP, 0–1 sites", "RR 1.04 (0.92 to 1.18)", "–", "–"], ["SP, often or sometimes vs SP, never or once or twice", "RR 1.01 (0.89 to 1.15)", "–", "–"], ["SP, often vs SP, never or once or twice or sometimes", "RR 0.98 (0.72 to 1.34)", "–", "–"], ["Brink 2009169xv", "South Africa, School students", "n=104, 15–17y (16.0±0.7)", "6m, n=93 (F43.3%), 89.4%", "Computer: ≥105 m/d vs <105 m/d", "UQMP, last m vs No UQMP", "OR 1.70 (0.7 to 4.2)", "–", "–"], ["F", "OR 0.50 (0.1 to 4.3)", "–", "–"], ["M", "OR 1.00 (0.3 to 3.4)", "–", "–"], ["Computer: ≥6 h/w vs <6 h/w", "UQMP, in last m vs No UQMP", "OR 1.60 (0.7 to 3.8)", "–", "–"], ["F", "OR 1.80 (0.4 to 8.7)", "–", "–"], ["M", "OR 0.90 (0.3 to 2.8)", "–", "–"], ["Brink 2015170xv", "South Africa, School students", "n=235, 15–17y (16.3±0.5)", "6m, 12m, n=153 (F73.0%), 89.8%", "Computer: NR vs NA", "No UQMP vs NA", "Mean8.9±5.0 (8.0 to 9.8)", "–", "–"], ["UQMP, <4.5/10 NRS vs NA", "Mean9.1±5.7 (7.4 to 10.9)", "–", "–"], ["UQMP, >4.5/10 NRS vs NA", "Mean8.6±4.1 (6.9 to 10.3)", "–", "–"], ["Brink 2020180xv", "South Africa, School students", "n=211, 15–18y (NR±NR)", "12m, n=153 (NR%), 72.5%", "Computer: >30 m vs <30 m", "UQMP last m, seated related vs No UQMP last m", "–", "OR 0.90 (0.5 to 1.9)", "Individual (change in postural angles from T1 to T2)"], ["de Vitta 2021179xvi", "Brazil, School students", "n=1628, 14–18 y (NR±NR)", "12m, n=757 (F43.8%), 85.6%", "Computer: ≥3 h/d vs <3 h/d", "New LBP, 12m vs No LBP", "OR1.06 (0.75 to 1.49)", "–", "–"], ["TV: ≥3 h/d vs <3 h/d", "OR 0.90 (0.65 to 1.25)", "–", "–"], ["Mobile: ≥3 h/d vs <3 h/d", "OR 1.44 (0.97 to 2.14)", "OR 1.49 (1.11 to2.00)", "Individual (sex, age, skin colour, marital status, clinical mental health, mobile and tablet use, physical activity) and environmental (SES)"], ["Tablet: ≥3 h/d vs <3 h/d", "OR 0.66 (0.21 to 2.11)", "OR 3.21 (1.41to 7.30)"], ["de Vitta 2023178xvi", "Brazil, School students", "n=1628, 14–18y (NR±NR)", "12m, n=140 (F50.3%), 85.6%", "Mobile: ≥3 h/d vs <3 h/d", "New TSP at T2 vs No TSP at T1 or T2", "–", "RR 1.72 (1.08 to2.74)", "Individual (sex, clinical mental health, mobile and tablet use) and environmental (SES, race)"], ["Jones 2003177", "England, School students", "n=1046, 11–14y (NR±NR)", "12m, n=933 (NR%), 89.0%", "TV+computer games: >275 m/d vs <120 m/d", "LBP, new onset, lasting ≥1 d last m vs No LBP last m, or lasting less than 1d", "–", "RR 1.00 (0.6 to 1.8)", "Individual (age, gender)"], ["183–270 m/d vs <120 m/d", "–", "RR 1.20 (0.7 to 1.9)"], ["125–183 m/d vs <120 m/d", "–", "RR 1.00 (0.6 to 1.6)"], ["70–180 m/d vs <120 m/d", "–", "RR 0.90 (0.6 to 1.5)"], ["Noll 2021176xvii", "Brazil, School students", "n=726, 11–16y (NR±NR)", "3y, n=525 (F54.3%), 72.3%", "Computer: ≥6 h/d vs <1 h/d", "BP vs No BP", "RR 1.06 (0.97 to 1.13)", "RR 1.06 (0.99 to 1.14)", "Individual (sex, age, way to carry backpack, sitting computer posture, sitting writing posture, sleeping posture, read/study in bed, sleep h/n, TV h/d, computer h/d) and environmental (parents with back pain)"], ["Computer: 2–5 h/d vs <1 h/d", "RR 0.98 (0.94 to 1.03)", "RR 1.00 (0.96 to 1.05)"], ["TV: ≥6 h/d vs <1 h/d", "RR 1.08 (1.01 to1.14)", "RR 1.07 (1.01 to1.13)"], ["TV: 2–5 h/d vs <1 h/d", "RR 0.95 (0.91 to 0.99)", "RR 0.96 (0.92 to 1.01)"], ["Rosa 2022175xvii", "Brazil, School students", "n=165, NRy (B11.6 G11.4±0.5)", "6y, n=75 (F53.3%), 45.5%", "Computer: ≥6 h/d vs 0–1 h/d", "BP vs No BP", "RR 1.38 (1.17 to1.63)", "RR 1.01 (0.99 to 1.02)", "Individual (sex, age, competitive PA, TV h/d, computer h/d, read/study on bed, sleep posture, lifting posture, backpack carry posture, backpack type) and environmental (parents with back pain)"], ["Computer: 2–5 h/d vs 0–1 h/d", "RR 1.31 (1.17 to1.46)", "RR 1.02 (0.99 to 1.01)"], ["TV: ≥6 h/d vs 0–1 h/d", "RR 1.54 (1.38 to1.72)", "RR 1.56 (1.15 to2.13)"], ["TV: 2–5 h/d vs 0–1 h/d", "RR 1.39 (1.24 to1.56)", "RR 1.40 (0.9 to 1.99)"], ["Siivola 2004171", "Finland, School students", "n=714, 15–18y (NR±NR)", "7y, n=104 (F59.8%), 87.0%", "Computer, playing musical instrument, crafts etc: NR vs NR", "NSP, occasional or weekly in last 6 m vs no NSP, in last 6 m", "RR 1.20 (0.3 to 4.7)", "–", "–"], ["F", "RR 1.50 (0.2 to 11.3)", "–", "–"], ["M", "RR 1.00 (0.1 to 7.4)", "–", "–"], ["Homework: Q2 vs Q1", "NSP, occasional or weekly in last 6 m vs no NSP, in last 6 m", "RR 1.40 (0.7 to 2.9)", "–", "–"], ["F", "RR 1.20 (0.5 to 2.8)", "–", "–"], ["M", "RR 1.60 (0.5 to 5.2)", "–", "–"], ["Homework: Q3 vs Q1", "NSP, occasional or weekly in last 6 m vs no NSP, in last 6 m", "RR 1.00 (0.5 to 2.0)", "–", "–"], ["F", "RR 1.10 (0.5 to 3.2)", "–", "–"], ["M", "RR 0.90 (0.2 to 3.3)", "–", "–"], ["Homework: Q4 vs Q1", "NSP, occasional or weekly in last 6 m vs no NSP, in last 6 m", "RR 1.10 (0.6 to 2.3)", "–", "–"], ["F", "RR 1.60 (0.6 to 4.7)", "–", "–"], ["M", "RR 1.40 (0.4 to 5.2)", "–", "–"], ["Reading, listening to music, etc: NR vs NR", "NSP, occasional or weekly in last 6 m vs no NSP, in last 6 m", "RR 1.00 (0.4 to 2.4)", "–", "–"], ["F", "RR 0.60 (0.1 to 2.5)", "–", "–"], ["M", "RR 1.60 (0.5 to 5.3)", "–", "–"], ["Smith 2017172", "Australia, Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine)", "n=1608, 14 −17y (NR±NR)", "3y, n=1088 (F35.3%), 67.7%", "Computer: 0,<7, 7–14, 14–21,>21 h/w", "No LBP, LBP with minimal impact and LBP with impact", "–", "P value, p=0.40", "Individual (Sex, back pain at 14 years)"], ["TV: 0,<7, 7–14, 14–21,>21 h/w", "–", "P value, p=0.57"], ["Szita 2018173", "Hungary, School students", "n=NR, 7–16 y (11.8±1.8)", "5y, n=NR (F52.0%), NR%", "Computer &/or gaming, weekdays: >2 v. <2 h/d", "SP, nonspecific for days vs NR", "OR 1.36 (0.67 to 2.76)", "ORNR (NR)", "Individual (age >12 years, no sports activity, asymmetrical school bag, carrying school bag tiring, uncomfortable school desk, frequent sleeping problems, general discomfort, frequent missing from school,) and environmental (afternoon learning>2 hrs/day, TV>2 hours weekdays, TV>2 hours weekend days, uncomfortable school desk, spinal disorder among relatives)"], ["Computer &/or gaming, weekends: >2 v. <2 h/d", "OR 0.91 (0.59 to 1.39)", "ORNR (NR)"], ["Homework (Afternoon learning): >2 v. <2 h/d", "OR 1.91 (1.20 to 3.02)", "OR 1.82 (1.05 to3.22)"], ["Transportation by car to school: NR vs NR", "OR 0.97 (0.65 to 1.44)", "ORNR (NR)"], ["TV, weekdays: >2 vs <2 h/d", "OR 1.87 (1.11 to3.17)", "ORNR (NR)"], ["TV, weekends: >2 vs <2 h/d", "OR 1.99 (1.36 to2.91)", "OR 2.59 (1.65 to4.05)"], ["Szpalski 2002174", "Belgium, School students", "n=392, 9–12 y (NR±NR)", "2y, n=287 (F50.9%), 73.2%", "Computer games: 0–1, 1–2, >2 h/d vs 0 h/d", "New LBP, at T2 vs No LBP, at T1 or T2", "ORNR (NR)", "ORNR (NR)", "Individual (NR) and environmental (NR)"]], "row_count": 59, "column_count": 9, "numeric_cells": 162, "header_rows": 1, "locator": "section[29]/table-wrap[1]#T3"}}], "gaps": ["asset:materials:the analysis programme that recomputes the published estimate not verified", "asset:materials:the study data pooled behind the published estimate in pmid:39438037 not verified", "asset:source:pmid:39438037 not verified"]}, "analysis": {"state": "partial", "methods": [{"id": "method-1", 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Full methods review is required.", "basis": "The title, abstract and methods text do not carry the method, so a person has to read the paper before it can be programmed."}}, "capability": {"axis": "capability", "tier": "R1", "blocker": null, "detail": {"families": [], "applies": false, "basis": "This paper needs no bench capability: it computes on data it already has."}}, "data": {"axis": "data", "tier": "R4", "blocker": "data:accession_absent", "detail": {"applies": true, "reachable": false, "basis": "The record names no repository accession and no data-availability statement, so the source data has to be requested from the authors."}}}, "can_run": {"dsl_operations": [], "assets": ["asset:table:pmid:39438037:1", "asset:table:pmid:39438037:2", "asset:table:pmid:39438037:3"], "steps": ["read_published_estimate"]}, "must_build": {"dsl_operations": [], "converters": [], "readers": ["txt", "unknown"], "capabilities": [], "data_gaps": ["source:pmid:39438037", "materials:the study data pooled behind the published estimate in pmid:39438037", "materials:the analysis programme that recomputes the published estimate"]}, "gaps": ["method:not_determinable"]}, "review": {"state": "partial", "machine_critique": {"status": "blocked", "providers": [{"provider": "minimax-m3-1-flash", "model": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "prompt_version": "peer-review-reading-v1", "prompt_hash": "6a8d9516403b275144324ff34aa9b2282bbf412c8874c109d73b1f82371e7d30", "source_hash": "b89a3ea4818c2e3b676590ff0ae5d346728edbc4ab2658c7133fd5633802be84", "raw_response_sha256": "sha256:b9c223981d4c469c6cf3e5362745c3c9712355726ab4b7fea83d5461cf4a58b9", "raw_response_chars": 2179}, {"provider": "minimax-m3", "model": "MiniMax-M3", "prompt_version": "peer-review-reading-v1", "prompt_hash": "79df3b19caff57f3ecee0c63a719a568e1e47df8057798e5b6b4e53238bd6836", "source_hash": "b89a3ea4818c2e3b676590ff0ae5d346728edbc4ab2658c7133fd5633802be84", "raw_response_sha256": "sha256:d62af7b81bf9c15217c4cf6370731518a55bb80a04892e21bc95789d1a6b0484", "raw_response_chars": 1589}], "target_providers": [{"provider": "minimax-m3-1-flash", "model": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "prompt_version": "replication-target-v2", "prompt_hash": "5b9af7fa2b405fde2536255ac85362de94d802362913ebf3bb3326954bfa8946", "source_hash": "b89a3ea4818c2e3b676590ff0ae5d346728edbc4ab2658c7133fd5633802be84", "raw_response": "{\"parent_value\":1.25,\"unit\":\"adjusted odds ratio\",\"evidence\":\"(1) From cross-sectional data, we found low certainty evidence of a small positive association between sedentary behaviour and spinal pain (adjusted odds ratio 1.25 (95% CI 1.17 to 1.33), k = 44, n > 92 617).\",\"target_result\":\"1.25\",\"number_stated\":true}", "reading": {"parent_value": 1.25, "unit": "adjusted odds ratio", "evidence": "(1) From cross-sectional data, we found low certainty evidence of a small positive association between sedentary behaviour and spinal pain (adjusted odds ratio 1.25 (95% CI 1.17 to 1.33), k = 44, n > 92 617).", "target_result": "1.25", "number_stated": true, "source_locator": "chars 721-929 of source sha256 b89a3ea4818c2e3b676590ff0ae5d346728edbc4ab2658c7133fd5633802be84"}, "recorded_at": "2026-10-31T13:27:06.828217+00:00"}, {"provider": "minimax-m3", "model": "MiniMax-M3", "prompt_version": "replication-target-v2", "prompt_hash": "b69c2a5daff9f5e9fe53bc31d9a05fbf0958067a81ff096cef7dad20f5ff9f55", "source_hash": "b89a3ea4818c2e3b676590ff0ae5d346728edbc4ab2658c7133fd5633802be84", "raw_response": "{\"parent_value\":1.25,\"unit\":\"adjusted odds ratio\",\"evidence\":\"From cross-sectional data, we found low certainty evidence of a small positive association between sedentary behaviour and spinal pain (adjusted odds ratio 1.25 (95% CI 1.17 to 1.33), k = 44, n > 92 617).\",\"target_result\":\"1.25\",\"number_stated\":true}", "reading": {"parent_value": 1.25, "unit": "adjusted odds ratio", "evidence": "From cross-sectional data, we found low certainty evidence of a small positive association between sedentary behaviour and spinal pain (adjusted odds ratio 1.25 (95% CI 1.17 to 1.33), k = 44, n > 92 617).", "target_result": "1.25", "number_stated": true, "source_locator": "chars 725-929 of source sha256 b89a3ea4818c2e3b676590ff0ae5d346728edbc4ab2658c7133fd5633802be84"}, "recorded_at": "2026-10-31T13:27:17.122664+00:00"}], "agreement": false, "disagreements": {"target_result": {"minimax-m3-1-flash": "Cross-sectional data showed a small positive association between sedentary behaviour and spinal pain in children and adolescents: adjusted odds ratio 1.25 (95% CI 1.17–1.33), based on 44 studies with n > 92,617.", "minimax-m3": "The adjusted odds ratio was 1.25 (95% CI 1.17 to 1.33; 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Evidence bands order textual support; method agreement intervals are null (n=0), never probabilities. Work-type validation does not validate methods.","Operation coverage describes only explicitly named methods. It does not prove a complete protocol, compatible parameters, successful compilation or re-execution. Unrecognised or ambiguous methods require review.","Data reachability is a textual accession or public-data statement. No dataset was downloaded or checked for access, completeness or licence.","Capabilities are planning states seeded from the dated equipment register. No bench ownership, completed quote or partner booking is inferred. Procurement counts are dependencies, not guaranteed replications or financial returns.","Tier and blocker counts are deterministic assessments of this corpus, not measured agreement. R3 is reserved for procurement; unresolved methods and data require human work (R4). The most restrictive axis wins, with capability, method, data as tie-breaks. Resolving one blocker can leave another at the same tier."],"engine":"corpus_engine","engine_provider":"rule_based_v1+lex99e1195c7d6f","run_id":"run-20261023T122449232913","source":"esearch","source_detail":"PubMed mirror biomed_pubmed (read-only)","run_status":"complete","imported_at":"2026-11-03T20:16:52+00:00","generated_at":"2026-11-04T01:43:40+00:00","total_papers":5529,"total_assays_tracked":29,"automatable_assay_families":6,"validated":true,"caveat_count":9,"blocking_caveats":5,"caveats":[{"code":"low_evidence_dominates","basis":["4,152 of 5,529 classifications (75.1%) matched no cue evidence and sit at the 0.05 floor.","34 of 230 data_only calls (14.8%) are in that group."],"claim":"Work type and confidence bands","gloss":"Most records were classified from their title and framing alone, with assay-cue coverage at zero.","detail":"Most classifications in this run rest on no matched evidence at all. At the evidence floor the work type comes from title framing and a fixed prior, not from anything in the paper, so the published work-type split should be read as a rough triage signal rather than a measured distribution. The impact is bounded but not removed: since 2026-10-23 the engine excludes floor-confidence records from the shortlist entirely and publishes them separately as held out, so the recommendation is unaffected even though the census is.","status":"unverified","severity":"high"},{"code":"runtime_is_modelled","basis":["Runtime is summed from published per-assay hour figures. Timing awaits the first executed replication.","4,407 of 5,529 records (79.7%) model to 0.00 hours because no assay was matched, which the ranking then reads as \"cheapest\".","0 of 10 shortlisted records carry a 0.00-hour estimate."],"claim":"Estimated replication runtime","gloss":"The hour figures are estimates built from assay mentions; timing awaits the first executed replication.","detail":"The hour figures are a cost model derived from the bench steps implied by each matched assay family. The first executed replication will supply measured timing. Records without an assay match currently receive a zero-hour model value.","status":"unverified","severity":"high"},{"code":"signal_score_without_citations","basis":["5,529 of 5,529 records (100.0%) have no citation count from the source metadata."],"claim":"Signal score","gloss":"The signal score uses publication-type weight because the mirror supplied zero citation counts.","detail":"The source supplied no citation counts for any record in this run, so the signal score is publication-type weight only. The citation term of the ranking is inert here, and the shortlist is ordered by publication type alone.","status":"unverified","severity":"high"},{"code":"abstract_absent","basis":["1,667 of 5,529 records (30.2%) carry no abstract at all."],"claim":"Evidence base for classification","gloss":"Some records contain a title and publication type only, defining the available classification evidence.","detail":"Where the mirror contains a title and publication types only, those fields define the classifier evidence. A methods section is required for fuller automated and human review.","status":"unverified","severity":"medium"},{"code":"classifier_agreement_measured","basis":["Published two-way decision agreement 77.7% (310 of 399 decidable records) from a stratified hand-check of 438 real records.","Three-way diagnostic agreement 73.9% (288 of 390 decidable records).","data_only agreement 75.2% (100 of 133 decidable).","48 record(s) could not be decided from title and abstract and were excluded from the denominator.","56 analysis-only records were published under another work type, so the data_only share is not an upper bound."],"claim":"Published automatable decision","gloss":"This figure has been checked against a human reading the same papers, so we know how often it is right.","detail":"The published automatable / not-automatable distribution comes from a rule-based classifier that was hand-checked against a fixed ground-truth definition. The agreement rates below are measured, not estimated. The three-way work type remains a diagnostic and is reported separately.","status":"measured","severity":"high"},{"code":"llm_comparison_not_measured","basis":["rule_based_v1+lex99e1195c7d6f produced 5,529 of 5,529 classifications.","Measured on 438 labelled records; these are RULE-BASED figures, not model results."],"claim":"Rule-based versus LLM agreement","gloss":"Every number here is the rule engine’s own. Model comparison begins when a working API credential is connected and measured.","detail":"The published two-way decision agreed with a human reading on 310 of 399 decidable records (77.7%). The diagnostic three-way label agreed on 288 of 390 decidable records (73.9%). Every percentage in this run belongs to the rule engine. Model comparison begins when a working API credential is connected and measured.","status":"not_measured","severity":"high"},{"code":"confidence_is_a_band","basis":["low band: 135 of 210 hand-judged records were correct, 64.3% [57.6, 70.5] (95% CI).","medium band: 80 of 104 hand-judged records were correct, 76.9% [68.0, 84.0] (95% CI).","high band: 73 of 76 hand-judged records were correct, 96.0% [89.0, 98.7] (95% CI).","A fitted calibrated probability was built, measured and withdrawn: it overstated held-out accuracy and reorders nothing."],"claim":"Confidence band and evidence score","gloss":"The confidence band carries a measured accuracy interval; 0.85 represents relative rank strength.","detail":"Confidence on this run is a BAND plus its measured accuracy interval. The number stored alongside each record is a monotone evidence score that orders records; 0.85 represents relative rank strength. A fitted probability was withdrawn after it overstated held-out accuracy. Threshold on the band.","status":"measured","severity":"medium"},{"code":"three_way_split_is_diagnostic","basis":["The corpus is published at the two-way decision: automatable or not-automatable. The three-way split (data_only / physical / mixed) is published as a diagnostic with its measured reliability attached, not as a claim, because the rule engine's `mixed` call cannot be defended.","The engine called 22 record(s) mixed; 10 matched the human judgement (45.5%, 95% CI 26.9-65.3).","The engine's `mixed` call is right on 10/22 hand-judged records (45.5%, 95% CI 26.9%-65.3%); a constant `physical` guess scores 36.4%.","The engine's `mixed` call does not reliably beat a constant `physical` guess on the hand-judged records it labels mixed.","The sign of that difference flips between two independent samples, so the three-way refinement is not demonstrably informative.","The mixed stratum contributes a disproportionate share of errors relative to its size.","At title-only depth the physical/mixed split collapses: a title says that work was done, not whether it was also analysed."],"claim":"The published decision is two-way","gloss":"The three-way split is shown for diagnosis only. The published split is two ways.","detail":"Count and filter the corpus on automatable versus not-automatable. The data_only / physical / mixed split remains an internal engine diagnostic because the mixed call has lower measured reliability.","status":"measured","severity":"medium"},{"code":"automatable_flag_unproven","basis":["6 of 29 assay families are marked automatable now: meta_analysis, machine_learning, survival_analysis, pca, molecular_docking, differential_expression.","The flag is a rule over assay family and work type; validation begins with the first executed replication.","It inherits the 75.2% data_only agreement rate, because the flag requires the record to be analysis-only."],"claim":"Automatable now","gloss":"This flag marks assay families the rules classify as data-only. The first executed replication will validate it.","detail":"This flag marks families the rules consider replicable from data alone. Its validity depends on the analysis-only classification and will be measured through an executed replication.","status":"unverified","severity":"medium"}],"confidence_policy":"band_with_measured_interval","confidence_contract":{"policy":"band_with_measured_interval","summary":"Confidence is reported as a BAND with a measured accuracy interval. The raw evidence score supplies monotone ordering. A fitted point estimate was withdrawn after it overstated held-out accuracy.","evidence_score":"A monotone evidence score in [0,1] built from cue mass, axis separation and text coverage. Use it to order records. Interpret 0.85 as relative rank strength.","confidence_band":"low | medium | high. Consumers threshold on this value.","band_accuracy":"Wilson 95% interval on the measured agreement of the hand-judged records in this band.","calibrated_confidence":"WITHDRAWN. Reintroduction requires held-out evidence demonstrating reliable estimates across every bin."},"band_accuracy":{"low":{"n":210,"low":0.576,"band":"low","high":0.7046,"agree":135,"accuracy":0.6429},"high":{"n":76,"low":0.8903,"band":"high","high":0.9865,"agree":73,"accuracy":0.9605},"medium":{"n":104,"low":0.6795,"band":"medium","high":0.8397,"agree":80,"accuracy":0.7692}},"provider":"rule_based_v1+lex99e1195c7d6f","lexicon_id":"99e1195c7d6f","contract_published_at":"2026-10-23T12:25:29.022232+00:00","confidence_is_band":true,"confidence_is_probability":false,"decision_taxonomy":"two_way","decidable_fraction_two_way":0.8854,"decidable_fraction_two_way_low":0.8565,"decidable_fraction_two_way_high":0.9143,"decidable_fraction_three_way":0.8586,"decidable_fraction_three_way_low":0.8287,"decidable_fraction_three_way_high":0.8884,"decidable_population":5529,"validation_sample_size":438,"three_way_cost_fraction":0.0268,"three_way_cost_records":148,"decision_counts":{"automatable":230,"not_automatable":5299},"decision_split":{"automatable":{"count":230,"share":0.04159884246699222},"not_automatable":{"count":5299,"share":0.9584011575330078}},"diagnostic_work_type_counts":{"mixed":24,"physical":5275,"data_only":230}}}