{"data":{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:39875572", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 4, "content_hash": "sha256:36a169b1582cb515c8ceb704af0277323013bcbb9fcc41c6321cac6731862c26", "created_at": "2026-11-01T20:30:09Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:56:03Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Identification of biomarkers associated with coronary artery disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by bioinformatics analysis and machine learning.", "doi": "10.1038/s41598-025-87923-7", "pmid": "39875572", "authors": ["Chuan Lu", "Mei Han", "Qiqi Ma", "Li Ying", "Yue Zhang"], "journal": "Scientific reports", "year": 2025, "abstract": "The constantly emerging evidence indicates a close association between coronary artery disease (CAD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the exact mechanisms underlying their mutual relationship remain undefined. This study aims to explore the common signature genes, potential mechanisms, diagnostic markers, and therapeutic targets for CAD and NAFLD. We downloaded CAD and NAFLD datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and analyzed the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by limma. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed with common DEGs (co-DEGs), and hub genes were screened by Maximal Clique Centrality (MCC) algorithm. Candidate biomarkers were selected from intersection of three machine learning algorithms. Expression levels, nomogram, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of candidate biomarkers were performed. CIBERSORT algorithm was used to assess the immune cell infiltration, and Spearman's correlations tests were used for calculating the correlation of biomarker genes. A total of 554 overlapping DEGs associated with CAD and NAFLD were obtained by analysis of GSE113079 and GSE89632 datasets. Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis showed that the co-DEGs were significantly enriched in immune effector process, inflammation response and lipid metabolism. The PPI network generated a 1245-edge network, and top 50 genes were selected using the MCC algorithm. The candidate biomarkers were screened from intersection of machine learning in GSE89632, including CEBPA, CXCL2, JUN and FOXO1. The ROC results showed that these four biomarker genes have good diagnostic value for patients with both CAD and NAFLD. Then we explored the immune landscape, immune infiltration and the correlation between biomarker gene expression in CAD and NAFLD samples. In this study, we predict that CEBPA, CXCL2, JUN and FOXO1 can be used to diagnose CAD and NAFLD. Our study provided new insights for potential biomarkers, molecular mechanism and therapeutic targets for both diseases.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "“limma” package was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in CAD and NAFLD datasets.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:39875572", "locator": "sections[4] \"Identification of differentially expressed genes in CAD and NAFLD\" paragraph 2", "quote": "“limma” package was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in CAD and NAFLD datasets."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "All datasets supporting the conclusions were downloaded from the public GEO database, including GSE113079(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/?acc = GSE113079), GSE42148(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/?acc = GSE42148), GSE89632(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/?acc = GSE89632) and GSE159676(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/?acc = GSE159676). Data processing procedures are available from the Correspondence author (Yue Zhang) on a reasonable request.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:39875572", "locator": "sections[28] \"Availability of data and materials\" paragraph 2", "quote": "All datasets supporting the conclusions were downloaded from the public GEO database, including GSE113079(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/?acc = GSE113079), GSE42148(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/?acc = GSE42148), GSE89632(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/?acc = GSE89632) and GSE159676(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/?acc = GSE159676). Data processing procedures are available from the Correspondence author (Yue Zhang) on a reasonable request."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "The four biomarkers CEBPA, CXCL2, FOXO1 and JUN had AUCs of 0.776, 0.690, 0.820 and 0.691 for diagnosing CAD and 0.966, 0.982, 0.952 and 0.963, respectively, for diagnosing NAFLD.", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:39875572", "locator": "sections[17] \"Construction of the nomogram and evaluation of the diagnostic efficacy for predicting CAD and NAFLD\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The AUC of CEBPA, CXCL2, FOXO1 and JUN for diagnosing CAD in GSE113079 were 0.776, 0.690, 0.820 and 0.691, respectively (Fig. 4A)."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:39875572", "locator": "sections[17] \"Construction of the nomogram and evaluation of the diagnostic efficacy for predicting CAD and NAFLD\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The AUC of the four biomarkers for diagnosing NAFLD in GSE89632 were 0.966, 0.982, 0.952 and 0.963, respectively (Fig. 4B)."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "The four biomarkers CEBPA, CXCL2, FOXO1 and JUN had AUCs of 0.776, 0.690, 0.820 and 0.691 for diagnosing CAD and 0.966, 0.982, 0.952 and 0.963, respectively, for diagnosing NAFLD.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:39875572"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE113079"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE113079"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": []}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:39875572", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87923-7", "sha256": "sha256:9f1407fb9218e4d6c98ccc00bda6ccd38b751f6e51558e1b4e024118b39849cd", "bytes": 46727, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "10.1038/s41598-025-87923-7", "version": null, "note": "Full article fetched from PMC; the checksum covers the rendered section body, not the original XML bytes.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC11775188", "source": "europe_pmc_fulltext", "coverage": "whole_body", "text_hash_scope": "rendered_section_body"}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE113079", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE113079", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE113079", "version": null, "note": "All datasets supporting the conclusions were downloaded from the public GEO database, including GSE113079(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/?acc = GSE113079), GSE42148(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/?acc = GSE42148), GSE89632(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/?acc = GSE89632) and GSE159676(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/?acc = GSE159676). Data processing procedures are available from the Correspondence author (Yue Zhang) on a reasonable request.", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "All datasets supporting the conclusions were downloaded from the public GEO database, including GSE113079(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/?acc = GSE113079), GSE42148(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/?acc = GSE42148), GSE89632(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/?acc = GSE89632) and GSE159676(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/?acc = GSE159676). Data processing procedures are available from the Correspondence author (Yue Zhang) on a reasonable request.", "access_statement_kind": "data_availability_statement", "sample_accessions": ["GSM3095926", "GSM3095927", "GSM3095928", "GSM3095929", "GSM3095930", "GSM3095931", "GSM3095932", "GSM3095933", "GSM3095934", "GSM3095935", "GSM3095936", "GSM3095937", "GSM3095938", "GSM3095939", "GSM3095940", "GSM3095941", "GSM3095942", "GSM3095943", "GSM3095944", "GSM3095945", "GSM3095946", "GSM3095947", "GSM3095948", "GSM3095949", "GSM3095950", "GSM3095951", "GSM3095952", "GSM3095953", "GSM3095954", "GSM3095955", "GSM3095956", "GSM3095957", "GSM3095958", "GSM3095959", "GSM3095960", "GSM3095961", "GSM3095962", "GSM3095963", "GSM3095964", "GSM3095965", "GSM3095966", "GSM3095967", "GSM3095968", "GSM3095969", "GSM3095970", "GSM3095971", "GSM3095972", "GSM3095973", "GSM3095974", "GSM3095975", "GSM3095976", "GSM3095977", "GSM3095978", "GSM3095979", "GSM3095980", "GSM3095981", "GSM3095982", "GSM3095983", "GSM3095984", "GSM3095985", "GSM3095986", "GSM3095987", "GSM3095988", "GSM3095989", "GSM3095990", "GSM3095991", "GSM3095992", "GSM3095993", "GSM3095994", "GSM3095995", "GSM3095996", "GSM3095997", "GSM3095998", "GSM3095999", "GSM3096000", "GSM3096001", "GSM3096002", "GSM3096003", "GSM3096004", "GSM3096005", "GSM3096006", "GSM3096007", "GSM3096008", "GSM3096009", "GSM3096010", "GSM3096011", "GSM3096012", "GSM3096013", "GSM3096014", "GSM3096015", "GSM3096016", "GSM3096017", "GSM3096018", "GSM3096019", "GSM3096020", "GSM3096021", "GSM3096022", "GSM3096023", "GSM3096024", "GSM3096025", "GSM3096026", "GSM3096027", "GSM3096028", "GSM3096029", "GSM3096030", "GSM3096031", "GSM3096032", "GSM3096033", "GSM3096034", "GSM3096035", "GSM3096036", "GSM3096037", "GSM3096038", "GSM3096039", "GSM3096040", "GSM3096041", "GSM3096042", "GSM3096043", "GSM3096044", "GSM3096045", "GSM3096046", "GSM3096047", "GSM3096048", "GSM3096049", "GSM3096050", "GSM3096051", "GSM3096052", "GSM3096053", "GSM3096054", "GSM3096055", "GSM3096056", "GSM3096057", "GSM3096058", "GSM3096059", "GSM3096060", "GSM3096061", "GSM3096062", "GSM3096063", "GSM3096064", "GSM3096065", "GSM3096066"], "sample_count": 141, "group_sizes": null, "group_sizes_basis": null, "platform": "20115", "taxon": "Homo sapiens", "title": "LncRNA Expression Profile and Identification of Novel LncRNA Biomarkers for Diagnosing Coronary Artery Disease", "resolution_checked_at": "2026-11-01T15:39:54Z", "resolution_check": "identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE159676", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE159676", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE159676", "version": null, "note": "All datasets supporting the conclusions were downloaded from the public GEO database, including GSE113079(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/?acc = GSE113079), GSE42148(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/?acc = GSE42148), GSE89632(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/?acc = GSE89632) and GSE159676(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/?acc = GSE159676). Data processing procedures are available from the Correspondence author (Yue Zhang) on a reasonable request.", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "All datasets supporting the conclusions were downloaded from the public GEO database, including GSE113079(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/?acc = GSE113079), GSE42148(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/?acc = GSE42148), GSE89632(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/?acc = GSE89632) and GSE159676(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/?acc = GSE159676). Data processing procedures are available from the Correspondence author (Yue Zhang) on a reasonable request.", "access_statement_kind": "data_availability_statement", "sample_accessions": ["GSM4837490", "GSM4837491", "GSM4837492", "GSM4837493", "GSM4837494", "GSM4837495", "GSM4837496", "GSM4837497", "GSM4837498", "GSM4837499", "GSM4837500", "GSM4837501", "GSM4837502", "GSM4837503", "GSM4837504", "GSM4837505", "GSM4837506", "GSM4837507", "GSM4837508", "GSM4837509", "GSM4837510", "GSM4837511", "GSM4837512", "GSM4837513", "GSM4837514", "GSM4837515", "GSM4837516", "GSM4837517", "GSM4837518", "GSM4837519", "GSM4837520", "GSM4837521", "GSM4837522"], "sample_count": 33, "group_sizes": null, "group_sizes_basis": null, "platform": "6244", "taxon": "Homo sapiens", "title": "Portal fibroblasts with mesenchymal stem cell features form a reservoir of proliferative myofibroblasts in liver fibrosis", "resolution_checked_at": "2026-11-01T18:46:34Z", "resolution_check": "identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE42148", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE42148", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE42148", "version": null, "note": "All datasets supporting the conclusions were downloaded from the public GEO database, including GSE113079(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/?acc = GSE113079), GSE42148(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/?acc = GSE42148), GSE89632(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/?acc = GSE89632) and GSE159676(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/?acc = GSE159676). Data processing procedures are available from the Correspondence author (Yue Zhang) on a reasonable request.", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "All datasets supporting the conclusions were downloaded from the public GEO database, including GSE113079(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/?acc = GSE113079), GSE42148(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/?acc = GSE42148), GSE89632(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/?acc = GSE89632) and GSE159676(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/?acc = GSE159676). 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Data processing procedures are available from the Correspondence author (Yue Zhang) on a reasonable request.", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "All datasets supporting the conclusions were downloaded from the public GEO database, including GSE113079(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/?acc = GSE113079), GSE42148(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/?acc = GSE42148), GSE89632(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/?acc = GSE89632) and GSE159676(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/?acc = GSE159676). Data processing procedures are available from the Correspondence author (Yue Zhang) on a reasonable request.", "access_statement_kind": "data_availability_statement", "sample_accessions": ["GSM2385720", "GSM2385721", "GSM2385722", "GSM2385723", "GSM2385724", "GSM2385725", "GSM2385726", "GSM2385727", "GSM2385728", "GSM2385729", "GSM2385730", "GSM2385731", "GSM2385732", "GSM2385733", "GSM2385734", "GSM2385735", "GSM2385736", "GSM2385737", "GSM2385738", "GSM2385739", "GSM2385740", "GSM2385741", "GSM2385742", "GSM2385743", "GSM2385744", "GSM2385745", "GSM2385746", "GSM2385747", "GSM2385748", "GSM2385749", "GSM2385750", "GSM2385751", "GSM2385752", "GSM2385753", "GSM2385754", "GSM2385755", "GSM2385756", "GSM2385757", "GSM2385758", "GSM2385759", "GSM2385760", "GSM2385761", "GSM2385762", "GSM2385763", "GSM2385764", "GSM2385765", "GSM2385766", "GSM2385767", "GSM2385768", "GSM2385769", "GSM2385770", "GSM2385771", "GSM2385772", "GSM2385773", "GSM2385774", "GSM2385775", "GSM2385776", "GSM2385777", "GSM2385778", "GSM2385779", "GSM2385780", "GSM2385781", "GSM2385782"], "sample_count": 63, "group_sizes": null, "group_sizes_basis": null, "platform": "14951", "taxon": "Homo sapiens", "title": "Genome-wide analysis of hepatic gene expression in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease  and in healthy donors in relation to hepatic fatty acid composition and other nutritional factors", "resolution_checked_at": "2026-11-01T15:39:55Z", "resolution_check": "identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}], "gaps": ["asset:data:geo:GSE113079 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE113079 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE159676 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE159676 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE42148 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE42148 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE89632 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE89632 licence not read"]}, "analysis": {"state": "complete", "methods": [{"id": "method-1", "family": "differential_expression", "specific": "limma_voom", "label": "Differential expression analysis", "dsl_operations": ["normalise_counts", "differential_expression_fit", "fdr_bh"], "missing_operations": [], "expressible": true, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": ["count_matrix_with_condition"], "evidence": {"score": 1.0, "band": "verbatim", "quote": "“limma” package was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in CAD and NAFLD datasets."}}, {"id": "method-2", "family": "network_analysis", "specific": "ppi_network", "label": "Network / pathway analysis", "dsl_operations": ["build_graph", "centrality_scores", "pathway_enrich"], "missing_operations": [], "expressible": true, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": ["edge_list"], "evidence": {"score": 0.7, "band": "medium", "quote": "Protein-protein interaction"}}, {"id": "method-3", "family": "network_analysis", "specific": "centrality", "label": "Network / pathway analysis", "dsl_operations": ["build_graph", "centrality_scores", "pathway_enrich"], "missing_operations": [], "expressible": true, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": ["edge_list"], "evidence": {"score": 0.7, "band": "medium", "quote": "Centrality"}}], "targets": [], "gaps": []}, "capability": {"state": "complete", "requirements": [{"capability_id": "capability:computational_analysis", "label": "Computational analysis platform", "assay_families": ["meta_analysis", "machine_learning", "survival_analysis", "statistical_regression", "pca", "molecular_docking", "network_analysis", "differential_expression", "gwas"], "availability_state": "owned", "tier_unlocked": "R1", "candidate": "Automated Assays Laravel application and simulated adapters"}], "gaps": []}, "readiness": {"state": "complete", "tier": "R1", "blocking_axis": "none", "blocked_on": "nothing:replicable_now", "axes": {"method": {"tier": "R1", "expressible": true, "required_operations": ["normalise_counts", "differential_expression_fit", "fdr_bh"], "missing_operations": [], "basis": "The paper names the method it used and the corpus's method extractor maps it onto the DSL catalogue: limma_voom."}, "capability": {"tier": "R1", "capability_id": "capability:computational_analysis", "availability_state": "owned", "basis": "The computational analysis is owned. The physical bench the paper used is not, so a physical validation cannot be run here."}, "data": {"tier": "R1", "reachable": true, "accessions": ["GSE113079", "GSE42148", "GSE89632", "GSE159676"], "resolved_accessions": ["GSE113079", "GSE42148", "GSE89632", "GSE159676"], "statements": ["All datasets supporting the conclusions were downloaded from the public GEO database, including GSE113079(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/?acc = GSE113079), GSE42148(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/?acc = GSE42148), GSE89632(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/?acc = GSE89632) and GSE159676(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/?acc = GSE159676). Data processing procedures are available from the Correspondence author (Yue Zhang) on a reasonable request."], "basis": "The paper names GSE113079, GSE42148, GSE89632, GSE159676 in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the accession resolves in the repository. No dataset was downloaded and no licence was read."}}, "can_run": {"dsl_operations": ["normalise_counts", "differential_expression_fit", "fdr_bh"], "assets": ["source:pmid:39875572", "data:geo:GSE113079"], "steps": ["run_analysis"]}, "must_build": {"dsl_operations": [], "converters": [], "readers": [], "capabilities": [], "data_gaps": ["data:geo:GSE113079"]}, "gaps": []}, "review": {"state": "partial", "machine_critique": {"kind": "extraction_review", "reader": {"model": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "provider": "minimax", "provider_family": "minimax", "read_at": "2026-11-01T19:45:28Z", "independence": "single_reader"}, "evidence_check": {"method": "verbatim", "availability": "verbatim"}, "calls": 5, "usage": {"prompt_tokens": 13380, "completion_tokens": 2535, "cached_tokens": 264}}, "human_critique": null, "stages": [{"id": "extraction", "state": "complete", "reader": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "provider": "minimax"}], "gaps": ["review.independent_reader", "review.machine_critique", "review.human_critique"]}, "execution": {"state": "absent", "status": "not_run", "mode": null, "runs": [], "gaps": ["execution.not_run"]}, "provenance": {"entities": [{"id": "pmid:39875572", "type": "paper", "label": "pmid:39875572"}, {"id": "source:pmid:39875572", "type": "manuscript", "label": "PMID 39875572 full text"}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE113079", "type": "dataset", "label": "GEO GSE113079"}], "activities": [{"id": "activity-reading-sci-2026-11-01", "type": "classification", "used": [{"id": "pmid:39875572", "type": "paper", "label": "pmid:39875572"}, {"id": "source:pmid:39875572", "type": "manuscript", "label": "PMID 39875572 full text"}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE113079", "type": "dataset", "label": "GEO GSE113079"}], "agent": "agent:corpus-assay-engine"}, {"id": "activity-read-39875572", "type": "extraction", "used": ["source:pmid:39875572"], "agent": "agent:minimax-reader"}, {"id": "activity-resolve-GSE113079", "type": "accession_resolution", "used": ["data:geo:GSE113079"], "agent": "agent:corpus-assay-engine"}], "agents": [{"id": "agent:corpus-assay-engine", "type": "software", "label": "Corpus assay engine"}, {"id": "agent:minimax-reader", "type": "software", "label": "MiniMax literature reader"}], "source_run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01", "dsl_catalogue_fingerprint": "343fb30756ba6ec3", "capability_table_fingerprint": "2cb3e42f047d2ecf", "snapshot_id": "ba34b49490d9bfaf"}, "lineage": {"parent_id": "pmid:39875572", "parent_hash": "sha256:7a9c6c31ac108a09d164f8bf0be0764321a07d36cfbc39ab0f084bb80c182c9d", "fork_of": null, "generation": 3}, "gaps": ["asset:data:geo:GSE113079 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE113079 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE159676 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE159676 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE42148 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE42148 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE89632 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE89632 not downloaded", "execution.not_run", "review.human_critique", "review.independent_reader", "review.machine_critique"], "assays": [{"role": "analysis", "definition_id": "differential_expression", "definition_version": "f2132e96ae6c7a4e", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": ["normalise_counts", "differential_expression_fit", "fdr_bh"], "support_state": "supported", "source_hashes": {"dsl_catalogue": "f2132e96ae6c7a4e"}, "confidence": 1.0, "evidence": ["“limma” package was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in CAD and NAFLD datasets."], "order_basis": "analysis_only", "id": "assay:1"}]},"meta":{"api_version":"v1","automation_ladder_snapshot":"ba34b49490d9bfaf","automation_ladder_caveats":["Method extraction is rule-based and has no hand-judged accuracy sample. Evidence bands order textual support; method agreement intervals are null (n=0), never probabilities. Work-type validation does not validate methods.","Operation coverage describes only explicitly named methods. It does not prove a complete protocol, compatible parameters, successful compilation or re-execution. Unrecognised or ambiguous methods require review.","Data reachability is a textual accession or public-data statement. No dataset was downloaded or checked for access, completeness or licence.","Capabilities are planning states seeded from the dated equipment register. No bench ownership, completed quote or partner booking is inferred. Procurement counts are dependencies, not guaranteed replications or financial returns.","Tier and blocker counts are deterministic assessments of this corpus, not measured agreement. R3 is reserved for procurement; unresolved methods and data require human work (R4). The most restrictive axis wins, with capability, method, data as tie-breaks. Resolving one blocker can leave another at the same tier."],"engine":"corpus_engine","engine_provider":"rule_based_v1+lex99e1195c7d6f","run_id":"run-20261023T122449232913","source":"esearch","source_detail":"PubMed mirror biomed_pubmed (read-only)","run_status":"complete","imported_at":"2026-11-03T20:16:52+00:00","generated_at":"2026-11-04T02:53:54+00:00","total_papers":5529,"total_assays_tracked":29,"automatable_assay_families":6,"validated":true,"caveat_count":9,"blocking_caveats":5,"caveats":[{"code":"low_evidence_dominates","basis":["4,152 of 5,529 classifications (75.1%) matched no cue evidence and sit at the 0.05 floor.","34 of 230 data_only calls (14.8%) are in that group."],"claim":"Work type and confidence bands","gloss":"Most records were classified from their title and framing alone, with assay-cue coverage at zero.","detail":"Most classifications in this run rest on no matched evidence at all. At the evidence floor the work type comes from title framing and a fixed prior, not from anything in the paper, so the published work-type split should be read as a rough triage signal rather than a measured distribution. The impact is bounded but not removed: since 2026-10-23 the engine excludes floor-confidence records from the shortlist entirely and publishes them separately as held out, so the recommendation is unaffected even though the census is.","status":"unverified","severity":"high"},{"code":"runtime_is_modelled","basis":["Runtime is summed from published per-assay hour figures. Timing awaits the first executed replication.","4,407 of 5,529 records (79.7%) model to 0.00 hours because no assay was matched, which the ranking then reads as \"cheapest\".","0 of 10 shortlisted records carry a 0.00-hour estimate."],"claim":"Estimated replication runtime","gloss":"The hour figures are estimates built from assay mentions; timing awaits the first executed replication.","detail":"The hour figures are a cost model derived from the bench steps implied by each matched assay family. The first executed replication will supply measured timing. Records without an assay match currently receive a zero-hour model value.","status":"unverified","severity":"high"},{"code":"signal_score_without_citations","basis":["5,529 of 5,529 records (100.0%) have no citation count from the source metadata."],"claim":"Signal score","gloss":"The signal score uses publication-type weight because the mirror supplied zero citation counts.","detail":"The source supplied no citation counts for any record in this run, so the signal score is publication-type weight only. The citation term of the ranking is inert here, and the shortlist is ordered by publication type alone.","status":"unverified","severity":"high"},{"code":"abstract_absent","basis":["1,667 of 5,529 records (30.2%) carry no abstract at all."],"claim":"Evidence base for classification","gloss":"Some records contain a title and publication type only, defining the available classification evidence.","detail":"Where the mirror contains a title and publication types only, those fields define the classifier evidence. A methods section is required for fuller automated and human review.","status":"unverified","severity":"medium"},{"code":"classifier_agreement_measured","basis":["Published two-way decision agreement 77.7% (310 of 399 decidable records) from a stratified hand-check of 438 real records.","Three-way diagnostic agreement 73.9% (288 of 390 decidable records).","data_only agreement 75.2% (100 of 133 decidable).","48 record(s) could not be decided from title and abstract and were excluded from the denominator.","56 analysis-only records were published under another work type, so the data_only share is not an upper bound."],"claim":"Published automatable decision","gloss":"This figure has been checked against a human reading the same papers, so we know how often it is right.","detail":"The published automatable / not-automatable distribution comes from a rule-based classifier that was hand-checked against a fixed ground-truth definition. The agreement rates below are measured, not estimated. The three-way work type remains a diagnostic and is reported separately.","status":"measured","severity":"high"},{"code":"llm_comparison_not_measured","basis":["rule_based_v1+lex99e1195c7d6f produced 5,529 of 5,529 classifications.","Measured on 438 labelled records; these are RULE-BASED figures, not model results."],"claim":"Rule-based versus LLM agreement","gloss":"Every number here is the rule engine’s own. Model comparison begins when a working API credential is connected and measured.","detail":"The published two-way decision agreed with a human reading on 310 of 399 decidable records (77.7%). The diagnostic three-way label agreed on 288 of 390 decidable records (73.9%). Every percentage in this run belongs to the rule engine. Model comparison begins when a working API credential is connected and measured.","status":"not_measured","severity":"high"},{"code":"confidence_is_a_band","basis":["low band: 135 of 210 hand-judged records were correct, 64.3% [57.6, 70.5] (95% CI).","medium band: 80 of 104 hand-judged records were correct, 76.9% [68.0, 84.0] (95% CI).","high band: 73 of 76 hand-judged records were correct, 96.0% [89.0, 98.7] (95% CI).","A fitted calibrated probability was built, measured and withdrawn: it overstated held-out accuracy and reorders nothing."],"claim":"Confidence band and evidence score","gloss":"The confidence band carries a measured accuracy interval; 0.85 represents relative rank strength.","detail":"Confidence on this run is a BAND plus its measured accuracy interval. The number stored alongside each record is a monotone evidence score that orders records; 0.85 represents relative rank strength. A fitted probability was withdrawn after it overstated held-out accuracy. Threshold on the band.","status":"measured","severity":"medium"},{"code":"three_way_split_is_diagnostic","basis":["The corpus is published at the two-way decision: automatable or not-automatable. The three-way split (data_only / physical / mixed) is published as a diagnostic with its measured reliability attached, not as a claim, because the rule engine's `mixed` call cannot be defended.","The engine called 22 record(s) mixed; 10 matched the human judgement (45.5%, 95% CI 26.9-65.3).","The engine's `mixed` call is right on 10/22 hand-judged records (45.5%, 95% CI 26.9%-65.3%); a constant `physical` guess scores 36.4%.","The engine's `mixed` call does not reliably beat a constant `physical` guess on the hand-judged records it labels mixed.","The sign of that difference flips between two independent samples, so the three-way refinement is not demonstrably informative.","The mixed stratum contributes a disproportionate share of errors relative to its size.","At title-only depth the physical/mixed split collapses: a title says that work was done, not whether it was also analysed."],"claim":"The published decision is two-way","gloss":"The three-way split is shown for diagnosis only. The published split is two ways.","detail":"Count and filter the corpus on automatable versus not-automatable. The data_only / physical / mixed split remains an internal engine diagnostic because the mixed call has lower measured reliability.","status":"measured","severity":"medium"},{"code":"automatable_flag_unproven","basis":["6 of 29 assay families are marked automatable now: meta_analysis, machine_learning, survival_analysis, pca, molecular_docking, differential_expression.","The flag is a rule over assay family and work type; validation begins with the first executed replication.","It inherits the 75.2% data_only agreement rate, because the flag requires the record to be analysis-only."],"claim":"Automatable now","gloss":"This flag marks assay families the rules classify as data-only. The first executed replication will validate it.","detail":"This flag marks families the rules consider replicable from data alone. Its validity depends on the analysis-only classification and will be measured through an executed replication.","status":"unverified","severity":"medium"}],"confidence_policy":"band_with_measured_interval","confidence_contract":{"policy":"band_with_measured_interval","summary":"Confidence is reported as a BAND with a measured accuracy interval. The raw evidence score supplies monotone ordering. A fitted point estimate was withdrawn after it overstated held-out accuracy.","evidence_score":"A monotone evidence score in [0,1] built from cue mass, axis separation and text coverage. Use it to order records. Interpret 0.85 as relative rank strength.","confidence_band":"low | medium | high. Consumers threshold on this value.","band_accuracy":"Wilson 95% interval on the measured agreement of the hand-judged records in this band.","calibrated_confidence":"WITHDRAWN. Reintroduction requires held-out evidence demonstrating reliable estimates across every bin."},"band_accuracy":{"low":{"n":210,"low":0.576,"band":"low","high":0.7046,"agree":135,"accuracy":0.6429},"high":{"n":76,"low":0.8903,"band":"high","high":0.9865,"agree":73,"accuracy":0.9605},"medium":{"n":104,"low":0.6795,"band":"medium","high":0.8397,"agree":80,"accuracy":0.7692}},"provider":"rule_based_v1+lex99e1195c7d6f","lexicon_id":"99e1195c7d6f","contract_published_at":"2026-10-23T12:25:29.022232+00:00","confidence_is_band":true,"confidence_is_probability":false,"decision_taxonomy":"two_way","decidable_fraction_two_way":0.8854,"decidable_fraction_two_way_low":0.8565,"decidable_fraction_two_way_high":0.9143,"decidable_fraction_three_way":0.8586,"decidable_fraction_three_way_low":0.8287,"decidable_fraction_three_way_high":0.8884,"decidable_population":5529,"validation_sample_size":438,"three_way_cost_fraction":0.0268,"three_way_cost_records":148,"decision_counts":{"automatable":230,"not_automatable":5299},"decision_split":{"automatable":{"count":230,"share":0.04159884246699222},"not_automatable":{"count":5299,"share":0.9584011575330078}},"diagnostic_work_type_counts":{"mixed":24,"physical":5275,"data_only":230}}}