{"data":{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:40538538", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 4, "content_hash": "sha256:b752f5b7606a1cb40b2a89795967cc092ffba153cca48a6f72d77804f234c060", "created_at": "2026-11-01T20:30:38Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:56:40Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Machine learning-based prediction model for lung ischemia-reperfusion injury: insights from disulfidptosis-related genes.", "doi": "10.3389/fphar.2025.1545111", "pmid": "40538538", "authors": ["Yanpeng Zhang", "Jingyang Sun", "Yihan Lin", "Rongxuan Jiang", "Niuniu Dong", "Huanhuan Dong", "Peng Li", "Jinteng Feng", "Zijiang Zhu", "Guangjian Zhang"], "journal": "Frontiers in pharmacology", "year": 2025, "abstract": "Objective: This study aims to explore potential ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) predictive biomarkers related to disulfidptosis following lung transplantation.\nMethods: The study utilized datasets from the GEO database, specifically GSE145989 and GSE127003, which include samples of lung cold ischemia and reperfusion following transplantation. Differential expressed analysis and functional enrichment analysis were conducted to identify key genes associated with lung transplant IRI. Multiple machine learning algorithms (Generalized Linear Model, Support Vector Machine, and Random Forest) were applied for joint screening, leading to the construction of a predictive model. The CIBERSORT method was used to assess the infiltration levels of immune cells in lung tissue samples post-transplant. Finally, cell line and animal experiments were carried out to validate the effectiveness and applicability of the model.\nResults: A total of 14,592 hub differential-expressed genes were identified, showing significant changes in cold ischemia and reperfusion samples. Using the three machine learning algorithms for joint analysis, a predictive model composed of SLC7A11 and LRPPRC was constructed. This model demonstrated excellent predictive efficacy across multiple datasets, with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.742 and 0.938, respectively. Additionally, significant differences in neutrophils and macrophages were observed in lung transplant cold ischemia and reperfusion samples. Based on the differential genes associated with disulfidptosis and utilizing the CMap database, we identified two potential drugs targeting IRI: olanzapine and vortioxetine. Ultimately, cell line and animal experiments validated the predictive model's reliability and potential clinical value, revealing that disulfidptosis presents in IRI, and high SLC7A11 expression promotes IRI, while low LRPPRC expression contributes to its occurrence.\nConclusion: SLC7A11 and LRPPRC can serve as predictive biomarkers for IRI following lung transplantation.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "We utilized the “limma” package and “Wilcoxon test” to compare 1-h and 2-h reperfusion samples in the lung transplantation (LTx) cohort against cold ischemia samples, identifying differentially expressed disulfidptosis-related genes (DEDRGs) through their intersection with known disulfidptosis genes.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:40538538", "locator": "sections[5] \"Identification of DEDRGs\" paragraph 2", "quote": "We utilized the “limma” package and “Wilcoxon test” to compare 1-h and 2-h reperfusion samples in the lung transplantation (LTx) cohort against cold ischemia samples, identifying differentially expressed disulfidptosis-related genes (DEDRGs) through their intersection with known disulfidptosis genes."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:40538538", "locator": "sections[25] \"Data availability statement\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "A predictive model composed of SLC7A11 and LRPPRC demonstrated excellent predictive efficacy, with AUC values of 0.742 in the training cohort and 0.938 in the validation cohort.", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:40538538", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 3", "quote": "This model demonstrated excellent predictive efficacy across multiple datasets, with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.742 and 0.938, respectively."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "partial", "objective": "A predictive model composed of SLC7A11 and LRPPRC demonstrated excellent predictive efficacy, with AUC values of 0.742 in the training cohort and 0.938 in the validation cohort.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:40538538"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE127003"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "blocked", "blocked_on": "method:group_comparison_wilcoxon", "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE127003"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": ["step:run_analysis blocked on method:group_comparison_wilcoxon"]}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:40538538", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": 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"identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}], "gaps": ["asset:data:geo:GSE127003 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE127003 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE145989 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE145989 licence not read"]}, "analysis": {"state": "partial", "methods": [{"id": "method-1", "family": "group_comparison", "specific": "wilcoxon", "label": "Group comparison", "dsl_operations": [], "missing_operations": ["group_comparison_wilcoxon"], "expressible": false, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": ["two_or_more_groups_continuous"], "evidence": {"score": 1.0, "band": "verbatim", "quote": "We utilized the “limma” package and “Wilcoxon test” to compare 1-h and 2-h reperfusion samples in the lung transplantation (LTx) cohort against cold ischemia samples, identifying differentially expressed disulfidptosis-related genes (DEDRGs) through their intersection with known disulfidptosis genes."}}, {"id": "method-2", "family": 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No dataset was downloaded and no licence was read."}}, "can_run": {"dsl_operations": [], "assets": ["source:pmid:40538538", "data:geo:GSE127003"], "steps": []}, "must_build": {"dsl_operations": [{"operation": "group_comparison_wilcoxon", "unlocks_papers": null, "priority": null}], "converters": [], "readers": [], "capabilities": [], "data_gaps": ["data:geo:GSE127003"]}, "gaps": []}, "review": {"state": "partial", "machine_critique": {"kind": "extraction_review", "reader": {"model": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "provider": "minimax", "provider_family": "minimax", "read_at": "2026-11-01T19:54:30Z", "independence": "single_reader"}, "evidence_check": {"method": "verbatim", "availability": "verbatim"}, "calls": 5, "usage": {"prompt_tokens": 9752, "completion_tokens": 1424, "cached_tokens": 264}}, "human_critique": null, "stages": [{"id": "extraction", "state": "complete", "reader": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "provider": "minimax"}], "gaps": ["review.independent_reader", "review.machine_critique", "review.human_critique"]}, "execution": {"state": "absent", "status": "not_run", "mode": null, "runs": [], "gaps": ["execution.not_run"]}, "provenance": {"entities": [{"id": "pmid:40538538", "type": "paper", "label": "pmid:40538538"}, {"id": "source:pmid:40538538", "type": "manuscript", "label": "PMID 40538538 full text"}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE127003", "type": "dataset", "label": "GEO GSE127003"}], "activities": [{"id": "activity-reading-sci-2026-11-01", "type": "classification", "used": [{"id": "pmid:40538538", "type": "paper", "label": "pmid:40538538"}, {"id": "source:pmid:40538538", "type": "manuscript", "label": "PMID 40538538 full text"}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE127003", "type": "dataset", "label": "GEO GSE127003"}], "agent": "agent:corpus-assay-engine"}, {"id": "activity-read-40538538", "type": "extraction", "used": ["source:pmid:40538538"], "agent": "agent:minimax-reader"}, {"id": "activity-resolve-GSE127003", "type": "accession_resolution", "used": ["data:geo:GSE127003"], "agent": "agent:corpus-assay-engine"}], "agents": [{"id": "agent:corpus-assay-engine", "type": "software", "label": "Corpus assay engine"}, {"id": "agent:minimax-reader", "type": "software", "label": "MiniMax literature reader"}], "source_run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01", "dsl_catalogue_fingerprint": "343fb30756ba6ec3", "capability_table_fingerprint": "2cb3e42f047d2ecf", "snapshot_id": "ba34b49490d9bfaf"}, "lineage": {"parent_id": "pmid:40538538", "parent_hash": "sha256:37a20e84c8714f7dcf8bacac678d67e543f28a93f70ff3f203fd947448644cb0", "fork_of": null, "generation": 3}, "gaps": ["asset:data:geo:GSE127003 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE127003 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE145989 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE145989 not downloaded", "execution.not_run", "method.group_comparison_wilcoxon", "review.human_critique", "review.independent_reader", "review.machine_critique", "step:run_analysis blocked on method:group_comparison_wilcoxon"], "assays": [{"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "animal_model", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.99, "evidence": ["ent Center of Xi’an Jiaotong University. The mice were housed in a standard environment at 24°C wit", "nstitutional ethics committee. Specifically, mice were anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injecti", ". Tracheal intubation was performed, and the mice were ventilated with specific parameters: a tidal", ". Experimental validation In our constructed mouse model of lung IRI, we observed that the expression"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:2276", "id": "assay:1"}, {"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "cell_culture", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.99, "evidence": ["ng et al., 2024). Cell culture study BEAS-2B cell line was cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) s", "4). Cell culture study BEAS-2B cell line was cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) supp"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:3544", "id": "assay:2"}, {"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "transfection", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.99, "evidence": ["ut of SLC7A11 and LRPPRC, BEAS-2B cells were transfected with sgSLC7A11 and sgLRPPRC constructs, 72 h", "(E) Knockout of LRPPRC and SLC7A11 in stably transfected cell lines was verified. (F) CCK-8 assay sho"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:3873", "id": "assay:3"}, {"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "western_blot", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.99, "evidence": [". Surviving knockout clones were screened by immunoblotting using the corresponding antibodies. Experime", "ion of the role of SLC7A11 and LRPPRC. (A,B) Immunoblot analysis and quantification of SLC7A11 and L", "sues from normal and IRI mouse models. (C,D) Immunoblot analysis and quantification of SLC7A11 and L", "lls. (I) The use of reducing and nonreducing immunoblot analysis in lung tissue from mouse models wi"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:4068", "id": "assay:4"}, {"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "apoptosis_assay", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.99, "evidence": ["l lines for SLC7A11 and LRPPRC and performed CCK8 assays to assess cell viability (Figure 7E).", "bly transfected cell lines was verified. (F) CCK-8 assay showing cell viability in normal contr"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:4895", "id": "assay:5"}, {"role": "analysis", "definition_id": "group_comparison", "definition_version": "f2132e96ae6c7a4e", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"dsl_catalogue": "f2132e96ae6c7a4e"}, "confidence": 1.0, "evidence": ["We utilized the “limma” package and “Wilcoxon test” to compare 1-h and 2-h reperfusion samples in the lung transplantation (LTx) cohort against cold ischemia samples, identifying differentially expressed disulfidptosis-related genes (DEDRGs) through their intersection with known disulfidptosis genes."], "order_basis": "consumes_earlier_output", "id": "assay:6"}]},"meta":{"api_version":"v1","automation_ladder_snapshot":"ba34b49490d9bfaf","automation_ladder_caveats":["Method extraction is rule-based and has no hand-judged accuracy sample. 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Resolving one blocker can leave another at the same tier."],"engine":"corpus_engine","engine_provider":"rule_based_v1+lex99e1195c7d6f","run_id":"run-20261023T122449232913","source":"esearch","source_detail":"PubMed mirror biomed_pubmed (read-only)","run_status":"complete","imported_at":"2026-11-03T20:16:52+00:00","generated_at":"2026-11-04T03:13:08+00:00","total_papers":5529,"total_assays_tracked":29,"automatable_assay_families":6,"validated":true,"caveat_count":9,"blocking_caveats":5,"caveats":[{"code":"low_evidence_dominates","basis":["4,152 of 5,529 classifications (75.1%) matched no cue evidence and sit at the 0.05 floor.","34 of 230 data_only calls (14.8%) are in that group."],"claim":"Work type and confidence bands","gloss":"Most records were classified from their title and framing alone, with assay-cue coverage at zero.","detail":"Most classifications in this run rest on no matched evidence at all. At the evidence floor the work type comes from title framing and a fixed prior, not from anything in the paper, so the published work-type split should be read as a rough triage signal rather than a measured distribution. The impact is bounded but not removed: since 2026-10-23 the engine excludes floor-confidence records from the shortlist entirely and publishes them separately as held out, so the recommendation is unaffected even though the census is.","status":"unverified","severity":"high"},{"code":"runtime_is_modelled","basis":["Runtime is summed from published per-assay hour figures. Timing awaits the first executed replication.","4,407 of 5,529 records (79.7%) model to 0.00 hours because no assay was matched, which the ranking then reads as \"cheapest\".","0 of 10 shortlisted records carry a 0.00-hour estimate."],"claim":"Estimated replication runtime","gloss":"The hour figures are estimates built from assay mentions; timing awaits the first executed replication.","detail":"The hour figures are a cost model derived from the bench steps implied by each matched assay family. The first executed replication will supply measured timing. Records without an assay match currently receive a zero-hour model value.","status":"unverified","severity":"high"},{"code":"signal_score_without_citations","basis":["5,529 of 5,529 records (100.0%) have no citation count from the source metadata."],"claim":"Signal score","gloss":"The signal score uses publication-type weight because the mirror supplied zero citation counts.","detail":"The source supplied no citation counts for any record in this run, so the signal score is publication-type weight only. The citation term of the ranking is inert here, and the shortlist is ordered by publication type alone.","status":"unverified","severity":"high"},{"code":"abstract_absent","basis":["1,667 of 5,529 records (30.2%) carry no abstract at all."],"claim":"Evidence base for classification","gloss":"Some records contain a title and publication type only, defining the available classification evidence.","detail":"Where the mirror contains a title and publication types only, those fields define the classifier evidence. A methods section is required for fuller automated and human review.","status":"unverified","severity":"medium"},{"code":"classifier_agreement_measured","basis":["Published two-way decision agreement 77.7% (310 of 399 decidable records) from a stratified hand-check of 438 real records.","Three-way diagnostic agreement 73.9% (288 of 390 decidable records).","data_only agreement 75.2% (100 of 133 decidable).","48 record(s) could not be decided from title and abstract and were excluded from the denominator.","56 analysis-only records were published under another work type, so the data_only share is not an upper bound."],"claim":"Published automatable decision","gloss":"This figure has been checked against a human reading the same papers, so we know how often it is right.","detail":"The published automatable / not-automatable distribution comes from a rule-based classifier that was hand-checked against a fixed ground-truth definition. The agreement rates below are measured, not estimated. The three-way work type remains a diagnostic and is reported separately.","status":"measured","severity":"high"},{"code":"llm_comparison_not_measured","basis":["rule_based_v1+lex99e1195c7d6f produced 5,529 of 5,529 classifications.","Measured on 438 labelled records; these are RULE-BASED figures, not model results."],"claim":"Rule-based versus LLM agreement","gloss":"Every number here is the rule engine’s own. Model comparison begins when a working API credential is connected and measured.","detail":"The published two-way decision agreed with a human reading on 310 of 399 decidable records (77.7%). The diagnostic three-way label agreed on 288 of 390 decidable records (73.9%). Every percentage in this run belongs to the rule engine. Model comparison begins when a working API credential is connected and measured.","status":"not_measured","severity":"high"},{"code":"confidence_is_a_band","basis":["low band: 135 of 210 hand-judged records were correct, 64.3% [57.6, 70.5] (95% CI).","medium band: 80 of 104 hand-judged records were correct, 76.9% [68.0, 84.0] (95% CI).","high band: 73 of 76 hand-judged records were correct, 96.0% [89.0, 98.7] (95% CI).","A fitted calibrated probability was built, measured and withdrawn: it overstated held-out accuracy and reorders nothing."],"claim":"Confidence band and evidence score","gloss":"The confidence band carries a measured accuracy interval; 0.85 represents relative rank strength.","detail":"Confidence on this run is a BAND plus its measured accuracy interval. The number stored alongside each record is a monotone evidence score that orders records; 0.85 represents relative rank strength. A fitted probability was withdrawn after it overstated held-out accuracy. Threshold on the band.","status":"measured","severity":"medium"},{"code":"three_way_split_is_diagnostic","basis":["The corpus is published at the two-way decision: automatable or not-automatable. The three-way split (data_only / physical / mixed) is published as a diagnostic with its measured reliability attached, not as a claim, because the rule engine's `mixed` call cannot be defended.","The engine called 22 record(s) mixed; 10 matched the human judgement (45.5%, 95% CI 26.9-65.3).","The engine's `mixed` call is right on 10/22 hand-judged records (45.5%, 95% CI 26.9%-65.3%); a constant `physical` guess scores 36.4%.","The engine's `mixed` call does not reliably beat a constant `physical` guess on the hand-judged records it labels mixed.","The sign of that difference flips between two independent samples, so the three-way refinement is not demonstrably informative.","The mixed stratum contributes a disproportionate share of errors relative to its size.","At title-only depth the physical/mixed split collapses: a title says that work was done, not whether it was also analysed."],"claim":"The published decision is two-way","gloss":"The three-way split is shown for diagnosis only. The published split is two ways.","detail":"Count and filter the corpus on automatable versus not-automatable. The data_only / physical / mixed split remains an internal engine diagnostic because the mixed call has lower measured reliability.","status":"measured","severity":"medium"},{"code":"automatable_flag_unproven","basis":["6 of 29 assay families are marked automatable now: meta_analysis, machine_learning, survival_analysis, pca, molecular_docking, differential_expression.","The flag is a rule over assay family and work type; validation begins with the first executed replication.","It inherits the 75.2% data_only agreement rate, because the flag requires the record to be analysis-only."],"claim":"Automatable now","gloss":"This flag marks assay families the rules classify as data-only. The first executed replication will validate it.","detail":"This flag marks families the rules consider replicable from data alone. Its validity depends on the analysis-only classification and will be measured through an executed replication.","status":"unverified","severity":"medium"}],"confidence_policy":"band_with_measured_interval","confidence_contract":{"policy":"band_with_measured_interval","summary":"Confidence is reported as a BAND with a measured accuracy interval. The raw evidence score supplies monotone ordering. A fitted point estimate was withdrawn after it overstated held-out accuracy.","evidence_score":"A monotone evidence score in [0,1] built from cue mass, axis separation and text coverage. Use it to order records. Interpret 0.85 as relative rank strength.","confidence_band":"low | medium | high. Consumers threshold on this value.","band_accuracy":"Wilson 95% interval on the measured agreement of the hand-judged records in this band.","calibrated_confidence":"WITHDRAWN. Reintroduction requires held-out evidence demonstrating reliable estimates across every bin."},"band_accuracy":{"low":{"n":210,"low":0.576,"band":"low","high":0.7046,"agree":135,"accuracy":0.6429},"high":{"n":76,"low":0.8903,"band":"high","high":0.9865,"agree":73,"accuracy":0.9605},"medium":{"n":104,"low":0.6795,"band":"medium","high":0.8397,"agree":80,"accuracy":0.7692}},"provider":"rule_based_v1+lex99e1195c7d6f","lexicon_id":"99e1195c7d6f","contract_published_at":"2026-10-23T12:25:29.022232+00:00","confidence_is_band":true,"confidence_is_probability":false,"decision_taxonomy":"two_way","decidable_fraction_two_way":0.8854,"decidable_fraction_two_way_low":0.8565,"decidable_fraction_two_way_high":0.9143,"decidable_fraction_three_way":0.8586,"decidable_fraction_three_way_low":0.8287,"decidable_fraction_three_way_high":0.8884,"decidable_population":5529,"validation_sample_size":438,"three_way_cost_fraction":0.0268,"three_way_cost_records":148,"decision_counts":{"automatable":230,"not_automatable":5299},"decision_split":{"automatable":{"count":230,"share":0.04159884246699222},"not_automatable":{"count":5299,"share":0.9584011575330078}},"diagnostic_work_type_counts":{"mixed":24,"physical":5275,"data_only":230}}}