{"data":{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:40672380", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 4, "content_hash": "sha256:166616183b15259555724395f3569dbf48613f27b38b2e5563bace3f9a51021d", "created_at": "2026-11-01T20:30:46Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:56:51Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Disulfidptosis-related gene in acute myocardial infarction and its diagnostic value and functions based on bioinformatics analysis and machine learning.", "doi": "10.3389/fcvm.2025.1513342", "pmid": "40672380", "authors": ["Liwen Chen", "Jinru Wei", "Guoxiong Deng", "Guien Xu"], "journal": "Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine", "year": 2025, "abstract": "Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Disulfidptosis, a novel form of programmed cell death, has been largely unexplored in AMI. This study aims to identify disulfidptosis-related genes in AMI and assess their diagnostic potential using bioinformatics and machine learning.\nMethods: The microarray datasets GSE60993 and GSE61144, associated with Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI), were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differential disulfidptosis-associated genes were identified via differential expression analysis. The disulfidptosis related genes were collected from FerrDb V2 and the differentially expressed disulfidptosis related genes were utilized to construct a Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network. Key genes were identified utilizing a Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network and plugins available in Cytoscape. The key genes were used to detect potential biomarkers by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.Next, GO and KEGG analyses, as well as correlation analysis were performed on the key genes, and potential drug molecules targeting these genes were also analyzed. At the same time, key genes further screened by Support Vector Machine (SVM), Lasso regression, as well as random forest. By intersecting the results of the three, we ended up with hub genes for AMI. The expression of these key genes was verified using external dataset GSE61144.\nResults: A total of 16 differentially expressed disulfidptosis related genes were identified and these genes were mainly enriched in the pathways of \"regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization\", \"regulation of actin filament-based process\", \"regulation of actin filament organization\", \"cell cortex\", \"cell leading edge\", \"cadherin binding\", \"actin filament bindin, and \"D-glucose transmembrane transporter activity\". The top 10 hub genes ACTB, RAC1, IQGAP1, FLNB, MYL6, ABI2, DBN1, PRDX1, SLC2A1 and SLC2A3 were identified from the PPI network. Further screening using Support Vector Machine (SVM), Lasso regression and random forest, and intersecting the results of these analyses, led to the identification of DBN1, RAC1, and SLC2A3 as final hub genes in AMI. While the final key genes DBN1 and SLC2A3 were significantly differentially expressed in external dataset GSE61144 with AUC ≥ 0.7.\nConclusion: In this study, we identified differentially expressed disulfidptosis related genes in blood samples from AMI patients using existing datasets. The research delved into the expression patterns and molecular mechanisms of differentially expressed disulfidptosis related genes in AMI, offering a foundation for precise AMI diagnosis and the identification of novel therapeutic targets.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "Differential gene analysis was conducted utilizing the R package “limma” (37).", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:40672380", "locator": "sections[4] \"Identification of genes with differential expression related to acute myocardial infarction and disulfidptosis\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Differential gene analysis was conducted utilizing the R package “limma” (37)."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "Our study utilized the following publicly available datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database related to acute myocardial infarction: GSE60993, GSE61144, GSE163956.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:40672380", "locator": "sections[21] \"Data availability statement\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Our study utilized the following publicly available datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database related to acute myocardial infarction: GSE60993, GSE61144, GSE163956."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "The study identified DBN1 and SLC2A3 as final disulfidptosis-associated hub genes for acute myocardial infarction, with the two-gene nomogram achieving AUC values of 0.916 in GSE60993 and 0.864 in GSE61144.", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:40672380", "locator": "sections[15] \"Machine learning-based identification of a disulfidptosis signature\" paragraph 2", "quote": "This analysis led to the identification of 2 disulfidptosis-associated feature genes as hub genes: DBN1 and SLC2A3."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:40672380", "locator": "sections[15] \"Machine learning-based identification of a disulfidptosis signature\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The AUC values of the ROC curves for the diagnostic performance of this nomogram in the GSE60993 and GSE61144 datasets were 0.916 and 0.864, respectively."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "The study identified DBN1 and SLC2A3 as final disulfidptosis-associated hub genes for acute myocardial infarction, with the two-gene nomogram achieving AUC values of 0.916 in GSE60993 and 0.864 in GSE61144.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:40672380"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE163956"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE163956"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": []}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:40672380", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2025.1513342", "sha256": 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At the evidence floor the work type comes from title framing and a fixed prior, not from anything in the paper, so the published work-type split should be read as a rough triage signal rather than a measured distribution. The impact is bounded but not removed: since 2026-10-23 the engine excludes floor-confidence records from the shortlist entirely and publishes them separately as held out, so the recommendation is unaffected even though the census is.","status":"unverified","severity":"high"},{"code":"runtime_is_modelled","basis":["Runtime is summed from published per-assay hour figures. Timing awaits the first executed replication.","4,407 of 5,529 records (79.7%) model to 0.00 hours because no assay was matched, which the ranking then reads as \"cheapest\".","0 of 10 shortlisted records carry a 0.00-hour estimate."],"claim":"Estimated replication runtime","gloss":"The hour figures are estimates built from assay mentions; timing awaits the first executed replication.","detail":"The hour figures are a cost model derived from the bench steps implied by each matched assay family. The first executed replication will supply measured timing. Records without an assay match currently receive a zero-hour model value.","status":"unverified","severity":"high"},{"code":"signal_score_without_citations","basis":["5,529 of 5,529 records (100.0%) have no citation count from the source metadata."],"claim":"Signal score","gloss":"The signal score uses publication-type weight because the mirror supplied zero citation counts.","detail":"The source supplied no citation counts for any record in this run, so the signal score is publication-type weight only. The citation term of the ranking is inert here, and the shortlist is ordered by publication type alone.","status":"unverified","severity":"high"},{"code":"abstract_absent","basis":["1,667 of 5,529 records (30.2%) carry no abstract at all."],"claim":"Evidence base for classification","gloss":"Some records contain a title and publication type only, defining the available classification evidence.","detail":"Where the mirror contains a title and publication types only, those fields define the classifier evidence. A methods section is required for fuller automated and human review.","status":"unverified","severity":"medium"},{"code":"classifier_agreement_measured","basis":["Published two-way decision agreement 77.7% (310 of 399 decidable records) from a stratified hand-check of 438 real records.","Three-way diagnostic agreement 73.9% (288 of 390 decidable records).","data_only agreement 75.2% (100 of 133 decidable).","48 record(s) could not be decided from title and abstract and were excluded from the denominator.","56 analysis-only records were published under another work type, so the data_only share is not an upper bound."],"claim":"Published automatable decision","gloss":"This figure has been checked against a human reading the same papers, so we know how often it is right.","detail":"The published automatable / not-automatable distribution comes from a rule-based classifier that was hand-checked against a fixed ground-truth definition. The agreement rates below are measured, not estimated. The three-way work type remains a diagnostic and is reported separately.","status":"measured","severity":"high"},{"code":"llm_comparison_not_measured","basis":["rule_based_v1+lex99e1195c7d6f produced 5,529 of 5,529 classifications.","Measured on 438 labelled records; these are RULE-BASED figures, not model results."],"claim":"Rule-based versus LLM agreement","gloss":"Every number here is the rule engine’s own. Model comparison begins when a working API credential is connected and measured.","detail":"The published two-way decision agreed with a human reading on 310 of 399 decidable records (77.7%). The diagnostic three-way label agreed on 288 of 390 decidable records (73.9%). Every percentage in this run belongs to the rule engine. Model comparison begins when a working API credential is connected and measured.","status":"not_measured","severity":"high"},{"code":"confidence_is_a_band","basis":["low band: 135 of 210 hand-judged records were correct, 64.3% [57.6, 70.5] (95% CI).","medium band: 80 of 104 hand-judged records were correct, 76.9% [68.0, 84.0] (95% CI).","high band: 73 of 76 hand-judged records were correct, 96.0% [89.0, 98.7] (95% CI).","A fitted calibrated probability was built, measured and withdrawn: it overstated held-out accuracy and reorders nothing."],"claim":"Confidence band and evidence score","gloss":"The confidence band carries a measured accuracy interval; 0.85 represents relative rank strength.","detail":"Confidence on this run is a BAND plus its measured accuracy interval. The number stored alongside each record is a monotone evidence score that orders records; 0.85 represents relative rank strength. A fitted probability was withdrawn after it overstated held-out accuracy. Threshold on the band.","status":"measured","severity":"medium"},{"code":"three_way_split_is_diagnostic","basis":["The corpus is published at the two-way decision: automatable or not-automatable. The three-way split (data_only / physical / mixed) is published as a diagnostic with its measured reliability attached, not as a claim, because the rule engine's `mixed` call cannot be defended.","The engine called 22 record(s) mixed; 10 matched the human judgement (45.5%, 95% CI 26.9-65.3).","The engine's `mixed` call is right on 10/22 hand-judged records (45.5%, 95% CI 26.9%-65.3%); a constant `physical` guess scores 36.4%.","The engine's `mixed` call does not reliably beat a constant `physical` guess on the hand-judged records it labels mixed.","The sign of that difference flips between two independent samples, so the three-way refinement is not demonstrably informative.","The mixed stratum contributes a disproportionate share of errors relative to its size.","At title-only depth the physical/mixed split collapses: a title says that work was done, not whether it was also analysed."],"claim":"The published decision is two-way","gloss":"The three-way split is shown for diagnosis only. The published split is two ways.","detail":"Count and filter the corpus on automatable versus not-automatable. The data_only / physical / mixed split remains an internal engine diagnostic because the mixed call has lower measured reliability.","status":"measured","severity":"medium"},{"code":"automatable_flag_unproven","basis":["6 of 29 assay families are marked automatable now: meta_analysis, machine_learning, survival_analysis, pca, molecular_docking, differential_expression.","The flag is a rule over assay family and work type; validation begins with the first executed replication.","It inherits the 75.2% data_only agreement rate, because the flag requires the record to be analysis-only."],"claim":"Automatable now","gloss":"This flag marks assay families the rules classify as data-only. The first executed replication will validate it.","detail":"This flag marks families the rules consider replicable from data alone. Its validity depends on the analysis-only classification and will be measured through an executed replication.","status":"unverified","severity":"medium"}],"confidence_policy":"band_with_measured_interval","confidence_contract":{"policy":"band_with_measured_interval","summary":"Confidence is reported as a BAND with a measured accuracy interval. The raw evidence score supplies monotone ordering. A fitted point estimate was withdrawn after it overstated held-out accuracy.","evidence_score":"A monotone evidence score in [0,1] built from cue mass, axis separation and text coverage. Use it to order records. Interpret 0.85 as relative rank strength.","confidence_band":"low | medium | high. Consumers threshold on this value.","band_accuracy":"Wilson 95% interval on the measured agreement of the hand-judged records in this band.","calibrated_confidence":"WITHDRAWN. Reintroduction requires held-out evidence demonstrating reliable estimates across every bin."},"band_accuracy":{"low":{"n":210,"low":0.576,"band":"low","high":0.7046,"agree":135,"accuracy":0.6429},"high":{"n":76,"low":0.8903,"band":"high","high":0.9865,"agree":73,"accuracy":0.9605},"medium":{"n":104,"low":0.6795,"band":"medium","high":0.8397,"agree":80,"accuracy":0.7692}},"provider":"rule_based_v1+lex99e1195c7d6f","lexicon_id":"99e1195c7d6f","contract_published_at":"2026-10-23T12:25:29.022232+00:00","confidence_is_band":true,"confidence_is_probability":false,"decision_taxonomy":"two_way","decidable_fraction_two_way":0.8854,"decidable_fraction_two_way_low":0.8565,"decidable_fraction_two_way_high":0.9143,"decidable_fraction_three_way":0.8586,"decidable_fraction_three_way_low":0.8287,"decidable_fraction_three_way_high":0.8884,"decidable_population":5529,"validation_sample_size":438,"three_way_cost_fraction":0.0268,"three_way_cost_records":148,"decision_counts":{"automatable":230,"not_automatable":5299},"decision_split":{"automatable":{"count":230,"share":0.04159884246699222},"not_automatable":{"count":5299,"share":0.9584011575330078}},"diagnostic_work_type_counts":{"mixed":24,"physical":5275,"data_only":230}}}