Proteome screening of pleural effusions identifies galectin 1 as a diagnostic biomarker and highlights several prognostic biomarkers for malignant mesothelioma.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:24361865", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 6, "content_hash": "sha256:71f44c47536d83ba0364d1d4e1a4ffeaf0fefa419226c125bb6b0776b3f60d70", "created_at": "2026-11-01T15:40:04Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T21:19:45Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Proteome screening of pleural effusions identifies galectin 1 as a diagnostic biomarker and highlights several prognostic biomarkers for malignant mesothelioma.", "doi": "10.1074/mcp.M113.030775", "pmid": "24361865", "authors": ["Filip Mundt", "Henrik J Johansson", "Jenny Forshed", "Sertaç Arslan", "Muzaffer Metintas", "Katalin Dobra", "Janne Lehtiö", "Anders Hjerpe"], "journal": "Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP", "year": 2014, "abstract": "Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive asbestos-induced cancer, and affected patients have a median survival of approximately one year after diagnosis. It is often difficult to reach a conclusive diagnosis, and ancillary measurements of soluble biomarkers could increase diagnostic accuracy. Unfortunately, few soluble mesothelioma biomarkers are suitable for clinical application. Here we screened the effusion proteomes of mesothelioma and lung adenocarcinoma patients to identify novel soluble mesothelioma biomarkers. We performed quantitative mass-spectrometry-based proteomics using isobaric tags for quantification and used narrow-range immobilized pH gradient/high-resolution isoelectric focusing (pH 4-4.25) prior to analysis by means of nano liquid chromatography coupled to MS/MS. More than 1,300 proteins were identified in pleural effusions from patients with malignant mesothelioma (n = 6), lung adenocarcinoma (n = 6), or benign mesotheliosis (n = 7). Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD000531. The identified proteins included a set of known mesothelioma markers and proteins that regulate hallmarks of cancer such as invasion, angiogenesis, and immune evasion, plus several new candidate proteins. Seven candidates (aldo-keto reductase 1B10, apolipoprotein C-I, galectin 1, myosin-VIIb, superoxide dismutase 2, tenascin C, and thrombospondin 1) were validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in a larger group of patients with mesothelioma (n = 37) or metastatic carcinomas (n = 25) and in effusions from patients with benign, reactive conditions (n = 16). Galectin 1 was identified as overexpressed in effusions from lung adenocarcinoma relative to mesothelioma and was validated as an excellent predictor for metastatic carcinomas against malignant mesothelioma. Galectin 1, aldo-keto reductase 1B10, and apolipoprotein C-I were all identified as potential prognostic biomarkers for malignant mesothelioma. This analysis of the effusion proteome furthers our understanding of malignant mesothelioma, identified galectin 1 as a potential diagnostic biomarker, and highlighted several possible prognostic biomarkers of this disease.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "The three sample groups (mesothelioma, metastatic carcinomas, and benign conditions) were compared using the nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test, with comparisons between groups performed using Dunn's post hoc test to obtain multiplicity-adjusted p values.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:24361865", "locator": "sections[26] \"Comparison of Groups Using One-way ANOVA\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The three sample groups (mesothelioma, metastatic carcinomas, and benign conditions) were compared using the nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test, with comparisons between groups performed using Dunn's post hoc test to obtain multiplicity-adjusted p values."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The raw data associated with this manuscript have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (36) with the dataset identifier PXD000531.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:24361865", "locator": "sections[18] \"Peptide and Protein Identification\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The raw data associated with this manuscript have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (36) with the dataset identifier PXD000531."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "Cutoff Finder–selected, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis with log-rank testing found significant prognostic trends for aldo-keto reductase 1B10, apolipoprotein C-I, and galectin 1 in malignant mesothelioma (hazard ratios 3.4, 2.30, and 2.34, respectively), while the proteomics source data were deposited through ProteomeXchange under identifier PXD000531.", "kind": "quantitative", "target": {"value": 95.0, "unit": "per cent", "tolerance": null, "source": "For aldo-keto reductase 1B10, there was a survival difference of 5.5 months for patients below and above 0.65 ng/ml (11- and 5.5-month median survival, respectively; p value = 0.01), and the corresponding Mantel–Cox hazard ratio was 3.4 between the two groups (95% confidence interval = 1.33–8.63)."}, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:24361865", "locator": "sections[28] \"Survival Analysis\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The Web-based threshold selection tool Cutoff Finder was used to condition a threshold for each biomarker based on its most significant hazard ratio (42)."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:24361865", "locator": "sections[28] \"Survival Analysis\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The Kaplan–Meier estimator was used to evaluate possible prognostic information."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:24361865", "locator": "sections[28] \"Survival Analysis\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The log-rank (Mantel–Cox) test was performed to compare survival curves and to estimate hazard ratios."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:24361865", "locator": "sections[40] \"Survival Analyses\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Aldo-keto reductase 1B10, apolipoprotein C-I, and galectin 1 showed significant prognostic trends (Fig. 6)."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:24361865", "locator": "sections[40] \"Survival Analyses\" paragraph 2", "quote": "For aldo-keto reductase 1B10, there was a survival difference of 5.5 months for patients below and above 0.65 ng/ml (11- and 5.5-month median survival, respectively; p value = 0.01), and the corresponding Mantel–Cox hazard ratio was 3.4 between the two groups (95% confidence interval = 1.33–8.63)."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:24361865", "locator": "sections[40] \"Survival Analyses\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Patients with high apolipoprotein C-I levels (>5.33 μg/ml) also had a mean survival time that was 5.5 months longer (10 months compared with low expressing patients' survival of 4.5 months; p value = 0.02) with a reciprocal hazard ratio of 2.30 (1.4–9.0)."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:24361865", "locator": "sections[40] \"Survival Analyses\" paragraph 2", "quote": "At a cutoff of 22.5 ng/ml, galectin 1 separated high- and low-expressing patients with median survival times of 4.5 and 9.5 months, respectively (p value = 0.04), with a hazard ratio of 2.34 (1.02–5.41)."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:24361865", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 1", "quote": "Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD000531."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "Cutoff Finder–selected, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis with log-rank testing found significant prognostic trends for aldo-keto reductase 1B10, apolipoprotein C-I, and galectin 1 in malignant mesothelioma (hazard ratios 3.4, 2.30, and 2.34, respectively), while the proteomics source data were deposited through ProteomeXchange under identifier PXD000531.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:24361865"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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