Corpus Engine Towards a reproducible .science file.
← All .science files

pmid:25329708

Gene-based rare allele analysis identified a risk gene of Alzheimer's disease.

Jong Hun Kim · Pamela Song · Hyunsun Lim · Jae-Hyung Lee · Jun Hong Lee · Sun Ah Park

PloS one · 2014 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0107983

Paper

complete

Experiment

partial

Data

partial

Analysis

partial

Execution

absent

Execution evidence has not yet been added to this .science file. Explore its methods, data and open questions to plan the next step.
Record details sci_version · id · kind · revision · content_hash · schema · created_at · updated_at · generator
id
pmid:25329708
kind
science-record
content_hash
sha256:64601a7110815d259394e1cff050be7b492be575deea963af6b9afe27e3b905c
schema
https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json
created_at
2026-11-01T15:40:06Z
updated_at
2026-11-01T21:58:23Z
generator object · 2 fields
name
corpus-assay-engine
run_id
reading-sci-2026-11-01
paper object · 10 fields
state
complete
title
Gene-based rare allele analysis identified a risk gene of Alzheimer's disease.
doi
10.1371/journal.pone.0107983
pmid
25329708
authors array · 6 items
[0]
Jong Hun Kim
[1]
Pamela Song
[2]
Hyunsun Lim
[3]
Jae-Hyung Lee
[4]
Jun Hong Lee
[5]
Sun Ah Park
journal
PloS one
year
2014
abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a strong propensity to run in families. However, the known risk genes excluding APOE are not clinically useful. In various complex diseases, gene studies have targeted rare alleles for unsolved heritability. Our study aims to elucidate previously unknown risk genes for AD by targeting rare alleles. We used data from five publicly available genetic studies from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and the database of Genotypes and Phenotypes (dbGaP). A total of 4,171 cases and 9,358 controls were included. The genotype information of rare alleles was imputed using 1,000 genomes. We performed gene-based analysis of rare alleles (minor allele frequency≤3%). The genome-wide significance level was defined as meta P<1.8×10(-6) (0.05/number of genes in human genome = 0.05/28,517). ZNF628, which is located at chromosome 19q13.42, showed a genome-wide significant association with AD. The association of ZNF628 with AD was not dependent on APOE ε4. APOE and TREM2 were also significantly associated with AD, although not at genome-wide significance levels. Other genes identified by targeting common alleles could not be replicated in our gene-based rare allele analysis. We identified that rare variants in ZNF628 are associated with AD. The protein encoded by ZNF628 is known as a transcription factor. Furthermore, the associations of APOE and TREM2 with AD were highly significant, even in gene-based rare allele analysis, which implies that further deep sequencing of these genes is required in AD heritability studies.
claims array · 3 items
[0] object · 6 fields
id
claim-method
statement
We performed a weighted, Z score based, fixed-effects, meta-analysis using METAL [35].
kind
methodological
target
null
evidence array · 1 item
[0] object · 3 fields
asset
source:pmid:25329708
locator
sections[5] "Statistical analyses" paragraph 3
quote
We performed a weighted, Z score based, fixed-effects, meta-analysis using METAL [35].
state
complete
[1] object · 6 fields
id
claim-data-access
statement
The authors confirm that all data underlying the findings are fully available without restriction. ADNI data were obtained from https://ida.loni.ucla.edu. GenADA (dbGaP accession number: phs000219.v1) [28,29], eMERGE (dbGaP accession number: phs000234.v1), NIA-LOAD (dbGaP accession number: phs000168.v1), and the Framingham study (dbGaP accession number: phs000007.v16) data were downloaded from dbGaP (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gap).
kind
methodological
target
null
evidence array · 1 item
[0] object · 3 fields
asset
source:pmid:25329708
locator
sections[15] "Data Availability" paragraph 2
quote
The authors confirm that all data underlying the findings are fully available without restriction. ADNI data were obtained from https://ida.loni.ucla.edu. GenADA (dbGaP accession number: phs000219.v1) [28,29], eMERGE (dbGaP accession number: phs000234.v1), NIA-LOAD (dbGaP accession number: phs000168.v1), and the Framingham study (dbGaP accession number: phs000007.v16) data were downloaded from dbGaP (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gap).
state
complete
[2] object · 6 fields
id
claim-target-result
statement
Gene-based rare-allele meta-analysis of 1,000 Genomes-imputed data from publicly available ADNI and dbGaP studies identified a genome-wide significant association between rare variants in ZNF628 and Alzheimer’s disease.
kind
quantitative
target object · 4 fields
value
3
unit
per cent
tolerance
null
source
We performed gene-based analysis of rare alleles (minor allele frequency≤3%).
evidence array · 3 items
[0] object · 3 fields
asset
source:pmid:25329708
locator
sections[0] "Abstract" paragraph 1
quote
We used data from five publicly available genetic studies from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and the database of Genotypes and Phenotypes (dbGaP).
[1] object · 3 fields
asset
source:pmid:25329708
locator
sections[0] "Abstract" paragraph 1
quote
We performed gene-based analysis of rare alleles (minor allele frequency≤3%).
[2] object · 3 fields
asset
source:pmid:25329708
locator
sections[0] "Abstract" paragraph 1
quote
ZNF628, which is located at chromosome 19q13.42, showed a genome-wide significant association with AD.
state
complete
gaps array · 0 items
experiment object · 8 fields
state
partial
objective
Gene-based rare-allele meta-analysis of 1,000 Genomes-imputed data from publicly available ADNI and dbGaP studies identified a genome-wide significant association between rare variants in ZNF628 and Alzheimer’s disease.
steps array · 3 items
[0] object · 13 fields
id
read_published_estimate
order
1
name
Read the published estimate from the source
kind
other
state
complete
blocked_on
null
description
The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.
parameters object · 0 fields
inputs array · 1 item
[0]
source:pmid:25329708
outputs array · 1 item
[0]
the published estimate and its evidence
instruments array · 0 items
reagents array · 0 items
[1] object · 13 fields
id
obtain_source_data
order
2
name
Obtain the source data from the named repository
kind
data-preparation
state
blocked
blocked_on
data:accession_absent
description
The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.
parameters object · 0 fields
inputs array · 0 items
outputs array · 1 item
[0]
the source data with its repository provenance
instruments array · 0 items
reagents array · 0 items
[2] object · 13 fields
id
run_analysis
order
3
name
Run the published analysis
kind
analysis
state
blocked
blocked_on
method:fixed_effects_pool
description
Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.
parameters object · 0 fields
inputs array · 0 items
outputs array · 1 item
[0]
the replicated result and its comparison
instruments array · 0 items
reagents array · 0 items
materials array · 0 items
instruments array · 0 items
reagents array · 0 items
conditions object · 0 fields
gaps array · 2 items
[0]
step:run_analysis blocked on method:fixed_effects_pool
[1]
step:obtain_source_data blocked on data:accession_absent
data object · 3 fields
state
partial
assets array · 5 items
[0] object · 15 fields
id
source:pmid:25329708
role
manuscript
format
xml
media_type
application/xml
uri
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0107983
sha256
sha256:3b1e743e4444b9bad07b7d5585c6bb86f6feb5babc551aa6f937406188fe42fb
bytes
34149
access
open
state
resolved
reader
null
reader_status
reader_required
identifier
10.1371/journal.pone.0107983
version
null
note
Full article fetched from PMC; the checksum covers the rendered section body, not the original XML bytes.
structure object · 4 fields
pmcid
PMC4203677
source
europe_pmc_fulltext
coverage
whole_body
text_hash_scope
rendered_section_body
[1] object · 16 fields
id
asset:table:pmid:25329708:1
role
table
format
jats-table
media_type
application/vnd.jats.table+json
uri
null
sha256
sha256:87bad76c7fdb08996bc9529407b57fac257fb71c2b48a54fa7b3bb263c3a39e5
bytes
944
access
open
state
verified
reader
read_table
reader_status
available
identifier
section[3]/table-wrap[1]#pone-0107983-t001
version
null
note
Characteristics of studies.
structure object · 5 fields
pmcid
PMC4203677
section_index
3
section_title
Subjects
row_count
7
column_count
7
table object · 8 fields
label
Table 1
caption
Characteristics of studies.
rows array · 7 items
[0] array · 7 items
[0]
Study
[1]
Genotyping platform
[2]
Case/Controlwith genetic data
[3]
Case/control after QC*
[4]
No of SNPs after QC
[5]
No of imputed SNPs§
[6]
No of imputed rare (MAF≤3%) SNPs§
[1] array · 7 items
[0]
ADNI
[1]
Illumina Human610-Quad
[2]
350/169
[3]
350/169
[4]
533479
[5]
16242208
[6]
8608819
[2] array · 7 items
[0]
ADNI2
[1]
Illumina GenomeStudio v2009.1
[2]
53/125
[3]
53/125
[4]
634701
[5]
14860121
[6]
7257490
[3] array · 7 items
[0]
GenADA
[1]
Affimetrix Mapping250K_NspMapping250K_Sty
[2]
782/806
[3]
779/803
[4]
432763
[5]
14441395
[6]
6863818
[4] array · 7 items
[0]
eMERGE
[1]
Illumina Human660W-Quad_v1_A
[2]
676/1843
[3]
632/1843
[4]
535401
[5]
16190257
[6]
8572925
[5] array · 7 items
[0]
NIA-LOAD
[1]
Illumina Human610-Quad_v1_B
[2]
2244/2320
[3]
2098/2095
[4]
542080
[5]
19568275
[6]
11943583
[6] array · 7 items
[0]
Framingham
[1]
Affimetrix Mapping250K_NspMapping250K_Sty
[2]
314/4711
[3]
259/4323
[4]
371114
[5]
16510848
[6]
8908801
locator
section[3]/table-wrap[1]#pone-0107983-t001
[2] object · 16 fields
id
asset:table:pmid:25329708:2
role
table
format
jats-table
media_type
application/vnd.jats.table+json
uri
null
sha256
sha256:e229729062e09de47086bffbac005419b415ea01dac3262b5965f59328e5b1c4
bytes
870
access
open
state
verified
reader
read_table
reader_status
available
identifier
section[8]/table-wrap[1]#pone-0107983-t002
version
null
note
The highly ranked seven genes in the first meta-analyses.
structure object · 5 fields
pmcid
PMC4203677
section_index
8
section_title
The first meta-analysis
row_count
9
column_count
8
table object · 8 fields
label
Table 2
caption
The highly ranked seven genes in the first meta-analyses.
rows array · 9 items
[0] array · 5 items
[0]
Gene
[1]
CHR
[2]
Start
[3]
not adjusted for APOE ε4
[4]
adjusted for APOE ε4
[1] array · 8 items
[0]
[1]
[2]
[3]
Meta Z *
[4]
Meta P
[5]
direction§
[6]
Meta Z
[7]
Meta P
[2] array · 8 items
[0]
ZNF628
[1]
19
[2]
55987698
[3]
5.0
[4]
5.3×10–7
[5]
++++++
[6]
5.2
[7]
1.3×10–7
[3] array · 8 items
[0]
APOE
[1]
19
[2]
45409038
[3]
4.8
[4]
1.4×10–6
[5]
+?+++–
[6]
2.3
[7]
0.023
[4] array · 8 items
[0]
TOMM40
[1]
19
[2]
45394477
[3]
4.1
[4]
4.0×10–5
[5]
+–++++
[6]
2.3
[7]
0.018
[5] array · 8 items
[0]
MMP1
[1]
11
[2]
102654407
[3]
4.0
[4]
6.6×10–5
[5]
–++++
[6]
4.1
[7]
4.0×10–5
[6] array · 8 items
[0]
NAPRT1
[1]
8
[2]
144656956
[3]
3.9
[4]
7.8×10–5
[5]
++++++
[6]
4.5
[7]
8.0×10–6
[7] array · 8 items
[0]
TREM2
[1]
6
[2]
41126245
[3]
3.8
[4]
1.2×10–4
[5]
++++++
[6]
4.6
[7]
3.7×10–6
[8] array · 8 items
[0]
CBLB
[1]
3
[2]
105438891
[3]
3.8
[4]
1.5×10–4
[5]
++++++
[6]
3.2
[7]
0.0015
locator
section[8]/table-wrap[1]#pone-0107983-t002
[3] object · 16 fields
id
asset:table:pmid:25329708:3
role
table
format
jats-table
media_type
application/vnd.jats.table+json
uri
null
sha256
sha256:5b8fb364c088853c2f324963e90571250f8f220bfd6ee94a1d301e89ea540da5
bytes
1401
access
open
state
verified
reader
read_table
reader_status
available
identifier
section[10]/table-wrap[1]#pone-0107983-t003
version
null
note
Results of the second meta-analysis (confirmatory analysis).
structure object · 5 fields
pmcid
PMC4203677
section_index
10
section_title
Meta-analysis with selected risk SNPs (the confirmatory second analysis)
row_count
10
column_count
15
table object · 8 fields
label
Table 3
caption
Results of the second meta-analysis (confirmatory analysis).
rows array · 10 items
[0] array · 4 items
[0]
[1]
rs112407198 (position: 19∶55995401)
[2]
rs73057174 (position: 19∶55995710)
[3]
Gene-based
[1] array · 11 items
[0]
Study
[1]
MAF
[2]
INFO
[3]
not adjusted for APOE ε4
[4]
adjusted for APOE ε4
[5]
MAF
[6]
INFO
[7]
not adjustedfor APOE ε4
[8]
adjusted forAPOE ε4
[9]
P not adjustedfor APOE ε4
[10]
P adjustedfor APOE ε4
[2] array · 15 items
[0]
[1]
[2]
[3]
beta
[4]
P
[5]
beta
[6]
P
[7]
[8]
[9]
beta
[10]
P
[11]
beta
[12]
P
[13]
[14]
[3] array · 15 items
[0]
ADNI
[1]
0.011
[2]
0.78
[3]
0.29
[4]
0.70
[5]
0.09
[6]
0.91
[7]
0.029
[8]
0.91
[9]
0.08
[10]
0.85
[11]
0.39
[12]
0.40
[13]
0.73
[14]
0.43
[4] array · 15 items
[0]
ADNI2
[1]
0.009
[2]
0.82
[3]
–8.7
[4]
0.79
[5]
0.50
[6]
0.87
[7]
0.031
[8]
0.95
[9]
–0.30
[10]
0.63
[11]
–0.083
[12]
0.90
[13]
0.74
[14]
0.55
[5] array · 15 items
[0]
GenADA
[1]
0.011
[2]
0.47
[3]
1.99
[4]
0.0052
[5]
1.93
[6]
0.0079
[7]
0.022
[8]
0.67
[9]
0.52
[10]
0.11
[11]
0.59
[12]
0.093
[13]
0.0045
[14]
0.0049
[6] array · 15 items
[0]
eMERGE
[1]
0.012
[2]
0.72
[3]
0.16
[4]
0.65
[5]
0.11
[6]
0.75
[7]
0.022
[8]
0.90
[9]
0.32
[10]
0.15
[11]
0.26
[12]
0.26
[13]
0.14
[14]
0.26
[7] array · 15 items
[0]
NIA
[1]
0.013
[2]
0.74
[3]
0.24
[4]
0.39
[5]
0.079
[6]
0.80
[7]
0.024
[8]
0.90
[9]
0.46
[10]
0.011
[11]
0.62
[12]
0.0015
[13]
0.0084
[14]
0.0042
[8] array · 15 items
[0]
Framingham
[1]
0.011
[2]
0.41
[3]
1.31
[4]
0.0079
[5]
1.34
[6]
0.0066
[7]
0.019
[8]
0.55
[9]
1.35
[10]
0.00026
[11]
1.34
[12]
0.00029
[13]
1.0×10–5
[14]
9.7×10–6
[9] array · 15 items
[0]
Meta
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
0.0043
[5]
[6]
0.019
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
2.8×10–5
[11]
[12]
2.7×10–6
[13]
3.7×10–7
[14]
2.8×10–7
locator
section[10]/table-wrap[1]#pone-0107983-t003
[4] object · 16 fields
id
asset:table:pmid:25329708:4
role
table
format
jats-table
media_type
application/vnd.jats.table+json
uri
null
sha256
sha256:e3598a6eab6b14ad0c75d3217dd5d37b56d58e3afa66469725bc4262219af430
bytes
790
access
open
state
verified
reader
read_table
reader_status
available
identifier
section[11]/table-wrap[1]#pone-0107983-t004
version
null
note
Results of gene-based rare allele analysis top ranking genes in the AlzGene database.
structure object · 5 fields
pmcid
PMC4203677
section_index
11
section_title
Gene-based rare allele analyses for the genes known to be associated with AD
row_count
10
column_count
6
table object · 8 fields
label
Table 4
caption
Results of gene-based rare allele analysis top ranking genes in the AlzGene database.
rows array · 10 items
[0] array · 6 items
[0]
Gene
[1]
CHR
[2]
start
[3]
Meta Z
[4]
Meta P
[5]
Directions*
[1] array · 6 items
[0]
ABCA7
[1]
19
[2]
1040101
[3]
0.2
[4]
0.8539
[5]
+++–+
[2] array · 6 items
[0]
PICALM
[1]
11
[2]
85668485
[3]
–0.4
[4]
0.7068
[5]
–?+–+–
[3] array · 6 items
[0]
CLU
[1]
8
[2]
27454450
[3]
–1.1
[4]
0.2554
[5]
–++–
[4] array · 6 items
[0]
MS4A6A
[1]
11
[2]
59939080
[3]
0.5
[4]
0.6377
[5]
–+–+–+
[5] array · 6 items
[0]
CD33
[1]
19
[2]
51728334
[3]
–0.4
[4]
0.7185
[5]
–++–
[6] array · 6 items
[0]
BIN1
[1]
2
[2]
127805606
[3]
2.0
[4]
0.0460
[5]
++++–
[7] array · 6 items
[0]
MS4A4E
[1]
11
[2]
59980567
[3]
0.5
[4]
0.6377
[5]
–+–+–+
[8] array · 6 items
[0]
CR1
[1]
1
[2]
207669472
[3]
0.7
[4]
0.5050
[5]
++–+–+
[9] array · 6 items
[0]
CD2AP
[1]
6
[2]
47445524
[3]
–1.1
[4]
0.2593
[5]
–+–+
locator
section[11]/table-wrap[1]#pone-0107983-t004
gaps array · 0 items
analysis object · 4 fields
state
partial
methods array · 1 item
[0] object · 10 fields
id
method-1
family
meta_analysis
specific
fixed_effects
label
Meta-analysis / evidence synthesis
dsl_operations array · 0 items
missing_operations array · 1 item
[0]
fixed_effects_pool
expressible
false
parameters object · 0 fields
data_shapes array · 1 item
[0]
study_level_effect_estimates
evidence object · 3 fields
score
1
band
verbatim
quote
We performed a weighted, Z score based, fixed-effects, meta-analysis using METAL [35].
targets array · 1 item
[0] object · 8 fields
id
target-published-estimate
claim_id
claim-target-result
operation
fixed_effects_pool
unit
per cent
tolerance
null
state
complete
note
The published estimate as the reader quoted it from the paper. No tolerance is published because the paper states none.
gaps array · 1 item
[0]
method.fixed_effects_pool
capability object · 3 fields
state
complete
requirements array · 1 item
[0] object · 6 fields
capability_id
capability:computational_analysis
label
Computational analysis platform
assay_families array · 9 items
[0]
meta_analysis
[1]
machine_learning
[2]
survival_analysis
[3]
statistical_regression
[4]
pca
[5]
molecular_docking
[6]
network_analysis
[7]
differential_expression
[8]
gwas
candidate
Automated Assays Laravel application and simulated adapters
gaps array · 0 items
readiness object · 8 fields
state
blocked
tier
R4
blocked_on
data:accession_absent
axes object · 3 fields
method object · 5 fields
tier
R1
expressible
false
required_operations array · 0 items
missing_operations array · 1 item
[0]
fixed_effects_pool
basis
The paper names the method it used and the corpus's method extractor maps it onto the DSL catalogue: fixed_effects.
capability object · 4 fields
tier
R1
capability_id
capability:computational_analysis
availability_state
owned
basis
The computational analysis is owned. The physical bench the paper used is not, so a physical validation cannot be run here.
data object · 6 fields
tier
R4
reachable
false
accessions array · 0 items
resolved_accessions array · 0 items
statements array · 1 item
[0]
The authors confirm that all data underlying the findings are fully available without restriction. ADNI data were obtained from https://ida.loni.ucla.edu. GenADA (dbGaP accession number: phs000219.v1) [28,29], eMERGE (dbGaP accession number: phs000234.v1), NIA-LOAD (dbGaP accession number: phs000168.v1), and the Framingham study (dbGaP accession number: phs000007.v16) data were downloaded from dbGaP (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gap).
basis
The paper names no accession to its source data, so the data has to come from the authors.
can_run object · 3 fields
dsl_operations array · 0 items
assets array · 5 items
[0]
source:pmid:25329708
[1]
asset:table:pmid:25329708:1
[2]
asset:table:pmid:25329708:2
[3]
asset:table:pmid:25329708:3
[4]
asset:table:pmid:25329708:4
steps array · 0 items
must_build object · 5 fields
dsl_operations array · 1 item
[0] object · 3 fields
operation
fixed_effects_pool
priority
null
converters array · 0 items
readers array · 0 items
capabilities array · 0 items
data_gaps array · 1 item
[0]
data:geo:None
gaps array · 1 item
[0]
data:accession_absent
review object · 5 fields
state
partial
machine_critique object · 5 fields
kind
extraction_review
reader object · 5 fields
model
MiniMax-M3.1-Flash
provider
minimax
provider_family
minimax
read_at
2026-10-31T18:22:52Z
independence
same_provider
evidence_check object · 2 fields
method
verbatim
availability
verbatim
calls
8
usage object · 3 fields
prompt_tokens
73073
completion_tokens
5764
cached_tokens
55140
stages array · 1 item
[0] object · 4 fields
id
extraction
state
complete
reader
MiniMax-M3.1-Flash
provider
minimax
gaps array · 3 items
[0]
review.independent_reader
[1]
review.machine_critique
[2]
review.human_critique
execution object · 5 fields
state
absent
status
not_run
mode
null
runs array · 0 items
gaps array · 1 item
[0]
execution.not_run
provenance object · 7 fields
entities array · 3 items
[0] object · 3 fields
id
pmid:25329708
type
paper
label
pmid:25329708
[1] object · 3 fields
id
source:pmid:25329708
type
manuscript
label
PMID 25329708 full text
[2] object · 3 fields
id
data:geo:None
type
dataset
label
GEO None
activities array · 3 items
[0] object · 4 fields
id
activity-reading-sci-2026-11-01
type
classification
used array · 3 items
[0] object · 3 fields
id
pmid:25329708
type
paper
label
pmid:25329708
[1] object · 3 fields
id
source:pmid:25329708
type
manuscript
label
PMID 25329708 full text
[2] object · 3 fields
id
data:geo:None
type
dataset
label
GEO None
agent
agent:corpus-assay-engine
[1] object · 4 fields
id
activity-read-25329708
type
extraction
used array · 1 item
[0]
source:pmid:25329708
agent
agent:minimax-reader
[2] object · 4 fields
id
activity-resolve-None
type
accession_resolution
used array · 1 item
[0]
data:geo:None
agent
agent:corpus-assay-engine
agents array · 2 items
[0] object · 3 fields
id
agent:corpus-assay-engine
type
software
label
Corpus assay engine
[1] object · 3 fields
id
agent:minimax-reader
type
software
label
MiniMax literature reader
source_run_id
reading-sci-2026-11-01
dsl_catalogue_fingerprint
343fb30756ba6ec3
capability_table_fingerprint
2cb3e42f047d2ecf
snapshot_id
ba34b49490d9bfaf
lineage object · 4 fields
parent_id
pmid:25329708
parent_hash
sha256:fc971b9f5c1ec48df76bcae11dd65ab9c8a444cf629c2877de34a0510f07d936
fork_of
null
gaps array · 7 items
[0]
execution.not_run
[1]
method.fixed_effects_pool
[2]
review.human_critique
[3]
review.independent_reader
[4]
review.machine_critique
[5]
step:obtain_source_data blocked on data:accession_absent
[6]
step:run_analysis blocked on method:fixed_effects_pool
assays array · 1 item
[0] object · 11 fields
role
analysis
definition_id
meta_analysis
definition_version
f2132e96ae6c7a4e
required_operations array · 0 items
support_state
partial
source_hashes object · 1 field
dsl_catalogue
f2132e96ae6c7a4e
evidence array · 1 item
[0]
We performed a weighted, Z score based, fixed-effects, meta-analysis using METAL [35].
order_basis
analysis_only
id
assay:1
Complete file
{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:25329708", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 7, "content_hash": "sha256:64601a7110815d259394e1cff050be7b492be575deea963af6b9afe27e3b905c", "created_at": "2026-11-01T15:40:06Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T21:58:23Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Gene-based rare allele analysis identified a risk gene of Alzheimer's disease.", "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0107983", "pmid": "25329708", "authors": ["Jong Hun Kim", "Pamela Song", "Hyunsun Lim", "Jae-Hyung Lee", "Jun Hong Lee", "Sun Ah Park"], "journal": "PloS one", "year": 2014, "abstract": "Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a strong propensity to run in families. However, the known risk genes excluding APOE are not clinically useful. In various complex diseases, gene studies have targeted rare alleles for unsolved heritability. Our study aims to elucidate previously unknown risk genes for AD by targeting rare alleles. We used data from five publicly available genetic studies from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and the database of Genotypes and Phenotypes (dbGaP). A total of 4,171 cases and 9,358 controls were included. The genotype information of rare alleles was imputed using 1,000 genomes. We performed gene-based analysis of rare alleles (minor allele frequency≤3%). The genome-wide significance level was defined as meta P<1.8×10(-6) (0.05/number of genes in human genome = 0.05/28,517). ZNF628, which is located at chromosome 19q13.42, showed a genome-wide significant association with AD. The association of ZNF628 with AD was not dependent on APOE ε4. APOE and TREM2 were also significantly associated with AD, although not at genome-wide significance levels. Other genes identified by targeting common alleles could not be replicated in our gene-based rare allele analysis. We identified that rare variants in ZNF628 are associated with AD. The protein encoded by ZNF628 is known as a transcription factor. Furthermore, the associations of APOE and TREM2 with AD were highly significant, even in gene-based rare allele analysis, which implies that further deep sequencing of these genes is required in AD heritability studies.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "We performed a weighted, Z score based, fixed-effects, meta-analysis using METAL [35].", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:25329708", "locator": "sections[5] \"Statistical analyses\" paragraph 3", "quote": "We performed a weighted, Z score based, fixed-effects, meta-analysis using METAL [35]."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The authors confirm that all data underlying the findings are fully available without restriction. ADNI data were obtained from https://ida.loni.ucla.edu. GenADA (dbGaP accession number: phs000219.v1) [28,29], eMERGE (dbGaP accession number: phs000234.v1), NIA-LOAD (dbGaP accession number: phs000168.v1), and the Framingham study (dbGaP accession number: phs000007.v16) data were downloaded from dbGaP (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gap).", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:25329708", "locator": "sections[15] \"Data Availability\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The authors confirm that all data underlying the findings are fully available without restriction. ADNI data were obtained from https://ida.loni.ucla.edu. GenADA (dbGaP accession number: phs000219.v1) [28,29], eMERGE (dbGaP accession number: phs000234.v1), NIA-LOAD (dbGaP accession number: phs000168.v1), and the Framingham study (dbGaP accession number: phs000007.v16) data were downloaded from dbGaP (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gap)."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "Gene-based rare-allele meta-analysis of 1,000 Genomes-imputed data from publicly available ADNI and dbGaP studies identified a genome-wide significant association between rare variants in ZNF628 and Alzheimer’s disease.", "kind": "quantitative", "target": {"value": 3.0, "unit": "per cent", "tolerance": null, "source": "We performed gene-based analysis of rare alleles (minor allele frequency≤3%)."}, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:25329708", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 1", "quote": "We used data from five publicly available genetic studies from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and the database of Genotypes and Phenotypes (dbGaP)."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:25329708", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 1", "quote": "We performed gene-based analysis of rare alleles (minor allele frequency≤3%)."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:25329708", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 1", "quote": "ZNF628, which is located at chromosome 19q13.42, showed a genome-wide significant association with AD."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "partial", "objective": "Gene-based rare-allele meta-analysis of 1,000 Genomes-imputed data from publicly available ADNI and dbGaP studies identified a genome-wide significant association between rare variants in ZNF628 and Alzheimer’s disease.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:25329708"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "blocked", "blocked_on": "data:accession_absent", "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": [], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "blocked", "blocked_on": "method:fixed_effects_pool", "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": [], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": ["step:run_analysis blocked on method:fixed_effects_pool", "step:obtain_source_data blocked on data:accession_absent"]}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:25329708", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0107983", "sha256": "sha256:3b1e743e4444b9bad07b7d5585c6bb86f6feb5babc551aa6f937406188fe42fb", "bytes": 34149, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "10.1371/journal.pone.0107983", "version": null, "note": "Full article fetched from PMC; the checksum covers the rendered section body, not the original XML bytes.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC4203677", "source": "europe_pmc_fulltext", "coverage": "whole_body", "text_hash_scope": "rendered_section_body"}}, {"id": "asset:table:pmid:25329708:1", "role": "table", "format": "jats-table", "media_type": "application/vnd.jats.table+json", "uri": null, "sha256": "sha256:87bad76c7fdb08996bc9529407b57fac257fb71c2b48a54fa7b3bb263c3a39e5", "bytes": 944, "access": "open", "state": "verified", "reader": "read_table", "reader_status": "available", "identifier": "section[3]/table-wrap[1]#pone-0107983-t001", "version": null, "note": "Characteristics of studies.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC4203677", "section_index": 3, "section_title": "Subjects", "row_count": 7, "column_count": 7}, "table": {"label": "Table 1", "caption": "Characteristics of studies.", "rows": [["Study", "Genotyping platform", "Case/Controlwith genetic data", "Case/control after QC*", "No of SNPs after QC", "No of imputed SNPs§", "No of imputed rare (MAF≤3%) SNPs§"], ["ADNI", "Illumina Human610-Quad", "350/169", "350/169", "533479", "16242208", "8608819"], ["ADNI2", "Illumina GenomeStudio v2009.1", "53/125", "53/125", "634701", "14860121", "7257490"], ["GenADA", "Affimetrix Mapping250K_NspMapping250K_Sty", "782/806", "779/803", "432763", "14441395", "6863818"], ["eMERGE", "Illumina Human660W-Quad_v1_A", "676/1843", "632/1843", "535401", "16190257", "8572925"], ["NIA-LOAD", "Illumina Human610-Quad_v1_B", "2244/2320", "2098/2095", "542080", "19568275", "11943583"], ["Framingham", "Affimetrix Mapping250K_NspMapping250K_Sty", "314/4711", "259/4323", "371114", "16510848", "8908801"]], "row_count": 7, "column_count": 7, "numeric_cells": 37, "header_rows": 1, "locator": "section[3]/table-wrap[1]#pone-0107983-t001"}}, {"id": "asset:table:pmid:25329708:2", "role": "table", "format": "jats-table", "media_type": "application/vnd.jats.table+json", "uri": null, "sha256": "sha256:e229729062e09de47086bffbac005419b415ea01dac3262b5965f59328e5b1c4", "bytes": 870, "access": "open", "state": "verified", "reader": "read_table", "reader_status": "available", "identifier": "section[8]/table-wrap[1]#pone-0107983-t002", "version": null, "note": "The highly ranked seven genes in the first meta-analyses.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC4203677", "section_index": 8, "section_title": "The first meta-analysis", "row_count": 9, "column_count": 8}, "table": {"label": "Table 2", "caption": "The highly ranked seven genes in the first meta-analyses.", "rows": [["Gene", "CHR", "Start", "not adjusted for APOE ε4", "adjusted for APOE ε4"], ["", "", "", "Meta Z *", "Meta P", "direction§", "Meta Z", "Meta P"], ["ZNF628", "19", "55987698", "5.0", "5.3×10–7", "++++++", "5.2", "1.3×10–7"], ["APOE", "19", "45409038", "4.8", "1.4×10–6", "+?+++–", "2.3", "0.023"], ["TOMM40", "19", "45394477", "4.1", "4.0×10–5", "+–++++", "2.3", "0.018"], ["MMP1", "11", "102654407", "4.0", "6.6×10–5", "–++++", "4.1", "4.0×10–5"], ["NAPRT1", "8", "144656956", "3.9", "7.8×10–5", "++++++", "4.5", "8.0×10–6"], ["TREM2", "6", "41126245", "3.8", "1.2×10–4", "++++++", "4.6", "3.7×10–6"], ["CBLB", "3", "105438891", "3.8", "1.5×10–4", "++++++", "3.2", "0.0015"]], "row_count": 9, "column_count": 8, "numeric_cells": 46, "header_rows": 2, "locator": "section[8]/table-wrap[1]#pone-0107983-t002"}}, {"id": "asset:table:pmid:25329708:3", "role": "table", "format": "jats-table", "media_type": "application/vnd.jats.table+json", "uri": null, "sha256": "sha256:5b8fb364c088853c2f324963e90571250f8f220bfd6ee94a1d301e89ea540da5", "bytes": 1401, "access": "open", "state": "verified", "reader": "read_table", "reader_status": "available", "identifier": "section[10]/table-wrap[1]#pone-0107983-t003", "version": null, "note": "Results of the second meta-analysis (confirmatory analysis).", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC4203677", "section_index": 10, "section_title": "Meta-analysis with selected risk SNPs (the confirmatory second analysis)", "row_count": 10, "column_count": 15}, "table": {"label": "Table 3", "caption": "Results of the second meta-analysis (confirmatory analysis).", "rows": [["", "rs112407198 (position: 19∶55995401)", "rs73057174 (position: 19∶55995710)", "Gene-based"], ["Study", "MAF", "INFO", "not adjusted for APOE ε4", "adjusted for APOE ε4", "MAF", "INFO", "not adjustedfor APOE ε4", "adjusted forAPOE ε4", "P not adjustedfor APOE ε4", "P adjustedfor APOE ε4"], ["", "", "", "beta", "P", "beta", "P", "", "", "beta", "P", "beta", "P", "", ""], ["ADNI", "0.011", "0.78", "0.29", "0.70", "0.09", "0.91", "0.029", "0.91", "0.08", "0.85", "0.39", "0.40", "0.73", "0.43"], ["ADNI2", "0.009", "0.82", "–8.7", "0.79", "0.50", "0.87", "0.031", "0.95", "–0.30", "0.63", "–0.083", "0.90", "0.74", "0.55"], ["GenADA", "0.011", "0.47", "1.99", "0.0052", "1.93", "0.0079", "0.022", "0.67", "0.52", "0.11", "0.59", "0.093", "0.0045", "0.0049"], ["eMERGE", "0.012", "0.72", "0.16", "0.65", "0.11", "0.75", "0.022", "0.90", "0.32", "0.15", "0.26", "0.26", "0.14", "0.26"], ["NIA", "0.013", "0.74", "0.24", "0.39", "0.079", "0.80", "0.024", "0.90", "0.46", "0.011", "0.62", "0.0015", "0.0084", "0.0042"], ["Framingham", "0.011", "0.41", "1.31", "0.0079", "1.34", "0.0066", "0.019", "0.55", "1.35", "0.00026", "1.34", "0.00029", "1.0×10–5", "9.7×10–6"], ["Meta", "", "", "", "0.0043", "", "0.019", "", "", "", "2.8×10–5", "", "2.7×10–6", "3.7×10–7", "2.8×10–7"]], "row_count": 10, "column_count": 15, "numeric_cells": 98, "header_rows": 3, "locator": "section[10]/table-wrap[1]#pone-0107983-t003"}}, {"id": "asset:table:pmid:25329708:4", "role": "table", "format": "jats-table", "media_type": "application/vnd.jats.table+json", "uri": null, "sha256": "sha256:e3598a6eab6b14ad0c75d3217dd5d37b56d58e3afa66469725bc4262219af430", "bytes": 790, "access": "open", "state": "verified", "reader": "read_table", "reader_status": "available", "identifier": "section[11]/table-wrap[1]#pone-0107983-t004", "version": null, "note": "Results of gene-based rare allele analysis top ranking genes in the AlzGene database.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC4203677", "section_index": 11, "section_title": "Gene-based rare allele analyses for the genes known to be associated with AD", "row_count": 10, "column_count": 6}, "table": {"label": "Table 4", "caption": "Results of gene-based rare allele analysis top ranking genes in the AlzGene database.", "rows": [["Gene", "CHR", "start", "Meta Z", "Meta P", "Directions*"], ["ABCA7", "19", "1040101", "0.2", "0.8539", "+++–+"], ["PICALM", "11", "85668485", "–0.4", "0.7068", "–?+–+–"], ["CLU", "8", "27454450", "–1.1", "0.2554", "–++–"], ["MS4A6A", "11", "59939080", "0.5", "0.6377", "–+–+–+"], ["CD33", "19", "51728334", "–0.4", "0.7185", "–++–"], ["BIN1", "2", "127805606", "2.0", "0.0460", "++++–"], ["MS4A4E", "11", "59980567", "0.5", "0.6377", "–+–+–+"], ["CR1", "1", "207669472", "0.7", "0.5050", "++–+–+"], ["CD2AP", "6", "47445524", "–1.1", "0.2593", "–+–+"]], "row_count": 10, "column_count": 6, "numeric_cells": 37, "header_rows": 1, "locator": "section[11]/table-wrap[1]#pone-0107983-t004"}}], "gaps": []}, "analysis": {"state": "partial", "methods": [{"id": "method-1", "family": "meta_analysis", "specific": "fixed_effects", "label": "Meta-analysis / evidence synthesis", "dsl_operations": [], "missing_operations": ["fixed_effects_pool"], "expressible": false, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": ["study_level_effect_estimates"], "evidence": {"score": 1.0, "band": "verbatim", "quote": "We performed a weighted, Z score based, fixed-effects, meta-analysis using METAL [35]."}}], "targets": [{"id": "target-published-estimate", "claim_id": "claim-target-result", "operation": "fixed_effects_pool", "expected_value": 3.0, "unit": "per cent", "tolerance": null, "state": "complete", "note": "The published estimate as the reader quoted it from the paper. No tolerance is published because the paper states none."}], "gaps": ["method.fixed_effects_pool"]}, "capability": {"state": "complete", "requirements": [{"capability_id": "capability:computational_analysis", "label": "Computational analysis platform", "assay_families": ["meta_analysis", "machine_learning", "survival_analysis", "statistical_regression", "pca", "molecular_docking", "network_analysis", "differential_expression", "gwas"], "availability_state": "owned", "tier_unlocked": "R1", "candidate": "Automated Assays Laravel application and simulated adapters"}], "gaps": []}, "readiness": {"state": "blocked", "tier": "R4", "blocking_axis": "data", "blocked_on": "data:accession_absent", "axes": {"method": {"tier": "R1", "expressible": false, "required_operations": [], "missing_operations": ["fixed_effects_pool"], "basis": "The paper names the method it used and the corpus's method extractor maps it onto the DSL catalogue: fixed_effects."}, "capability": {"tier": "R1", "capability_id": "capability:computational_analysis", "availability_state": "owned", "basis": "The computational analysis is owned. The physical bench the paper used is not, so a physical validation cannot be run here."}, "data": {"tier": "R4", "reachable": false, "accessions": [], "resolved_accessions": [], "statements": ["The authors confirm that all data underlying the findings are fully available without restriction. ADNI data were obtained from https://ida.loni.ucla.edu. GenADA (dbGaP accession number: phs000219.v1) [28,29], eMERGE (dbGaP accession number: phs000234.v1), NIA-LOAD (dbGaP accession number: phs000168.v1), and the Framingham study (dbGaP accession number: phs000007.v16) data were downloaded from dbGaP (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gap)."], "basis": "The paper names no accession to its source data, so the data has to come from the authors."}}, "can_run": {"dsl_operations": [], "assets": ["source:pmid:25329708", "asset:table:pmid:25329708:1", "asset:table:pmid:25329708:2", "asset:table:pmid:25329708:3", "asset:table:pmid:25329708:4"], "steps": []}, "must_build": {"dsl_operations": [{"operation": "fixed_effects_pool", "unlocks_papers": null, "priority": null}], "converters": [], "readers": [], "capabilities": [], "data_gaps": ["data:geo:None"]}, "gaps": ["data:accession_absent"]}, "review": {"state": "partial", "machine_critique": {"kind": "extraction_review", "reader": {"model": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "provider": "minimax", "provider_family": "minimax", "read_at": "2026-10-31T18:22:52Z", "independence": "same_provider"}, "evidence_check": {"method": "verbatim", "availability": "verbatim"}, "calls": 8, "usage": {"prompt_tokens": 73073, "completion_tokens": 5764, "cached_tokens": 55140}}, "human_critique": null, "stages": [{"id": "extraction", "state": "complete", "reader": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "provider": "minimax"}], "gaps": ["review.independent_reader", "review.machine_critique", "review.human_critique"]}, "execution": {"state": "absent", "status": "not_run", "mode": null, "runs": [], "gaps": ["execution.not_run"]}, "provenance": {"entities": [{"id": "pmid:25329708", "type": "paper", "label": "pmid:25329708"}, {"id": "source:pmid:25329708", "type": "manuscript", "label": "PMID 25329708 full text"}, {"id": "data:geo:None", "type": "dataset", "label": "GEO None"}], "activities": [{"id": "activity-reading-sci-2026-11-01", "type": "classification", "used": [{"id": "pmid:25329708", "type": "paper", "label": "pmid:25329708"}, {"id": "source:pmid:25329708", "type": "manuscript", "label": "PMID 25329708 full text"}, {"id": "data:geo:None", "type": "dataset", "label": "GEO None"}], "agent": "agent:corpus-assay-engine"}, {"id": "activity-read-25329708", "type": "extraction", "used": ["source:pmid:25329708"], "agent": "agent:minimax-reader"}, {"id": "activity-resolve-None", "type": "accession_resolution", "used": ["data:geo:None"], "agent": "agent:corpus-assay-engine"}], "agents": [{"id": "agent:corpus-assay-engine", "type": "software", "label": "Corpus assay engine"}, {"id": "agent:minimax-reader", "type": "software", "label": "MiniMax literature reader"}], "source_run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01", "dsl_catalogue_fingerprint": "343fb30756ba6ec3", "capability_table_fingerprint": "2cb3e42f047d2ecf", "snapshot_id": "ba34b49490d9bfaf"}, "lineage": {"parent_id": "pmid:25329708", "parent_hash": "sha256:fc971b9f5c1ec48df76bcae11dd65ab9c8a444cf629c2877de34a0510f07d936", "fork_of": null, "generation": 6}, "gaps": ["execution.not_run", "method.fixed_effects_pool", "review.human_critique", "review.independent_reader", "review.machine_critique", "step:obtain_source_data blocked on data:accession_absent", "step:run_analysis blocked on method:fixed_effects_pool"], "assays": [{"role": "analysis", "definition_id": "meta_analysis", "definition_version": "f2132e96ae6c7a4e", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"dsl_catalogue": "f2132e96ae6c7a4e"}, "confidence": 1.0, "evidence": ["We performed a weighted, Z score based, fixed-effects, meta-analysis using METAL [35]."], "order_basis": "analysis_only", "id": "assay:1"}]}