Mass Spectrometry and Antibody-Based Characterization of Blood Vessels from Brachylophosaurus canadensis.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:26595531", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 2, "content_hash": "sha256:ff749afcf35d98eb9ee1b43574c1d403920d85f43f2864c049a26ab3d53a397c", "created_at": "2026-11-01T15:40:14Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T18:47:47Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Mass Spectrometry and Antibody-Based Characterization of Blood Vessels from Brachylophosaurus canadensis.", "doi": "10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00675", "pmid": "26595531", "authors": ["Timothy P Cleland", "Elena R Schroeter", "Leonid Zamdborg", "Wenxia Zheng", "Ji Eun Lee", "John C Tran", "Marshall Bern", "Michael B Duncan", "Valerie S Lebleu", "Dorothy R Ahlf", "Paul M Thomas", "Raghu Kalluri", "Neil L Kelleher", "Mary H Schweitzer"], "journal": "Journal of proteome research", "year": 2015, "abstract": "Structures similar to blood vessels in location, morphology, flexibility, and transparency have been recovered after demineralization of multiple dinosaur cortical bone fragments from multiple specimens, some of which are as old as 80 Ma. These structures were hypothesized to be either endogenous to the bone (i.e., of vascular origin) or the result of biofilm colonizing the empty osteonal network after degradation of original organic components. Here, we test the hypothesis that these structures are endogenous and thus retain proteins in common with extant archosaur blood vessels that can be detected with high-resolution mass spectrometry and confirmed by immunofluorescence. Two lines of evidence support this hypothesis. First, peptide sequencing of Brachylophosaurus canadensis blood vessel extracts is consistent with peptides comprising extant archosaurian blood vessels and is not consistent with a bacterial, cellular slime mold, or fungal origin. Second, proteins identified by mass spectrometry can be localized to the tissues using antibodies specific to these proteins, validating their identity. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD001738.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "The headline result is that the recovered structures are endogenous dinosaur blood vessels, supported by two independent lines of evidence: peptide sequencing consistent with extant archosaur blood vessels and mass-spectrometry-identified proteins localized to the tissues by immunofluorescence. The statistical analysis used multiple search algorithms with a 1% false discovery rate cutoff, and the source data are deposited at ProteomeXchange under identifier PXD001738.", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:26595531", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 1", "quote": "Two lines of evidence support this hypothesis."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:26595531", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 1", "quote": "peptide sequencing of Brachylophosaurus canadensis blood vessel extracts is consistent with peptides comprising extant archosaurian blood vessels and is not consistent with a bacterial, cellular slime mold, or fungal origin."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:26595531", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 1", "quote": "proteins identified by mass spectrometry can be localized to the tissues using antibodies specific to these proteins, validating their identity."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:26595531", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 1", "quote": "Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD001738."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "partial", "objective": "The headline result is that the recovered structures are endogenous dinosaur blood vessels, supported by two independent lines of evidence: peptide sequencing consistent with extant archosaur blood vessels and mass-spectrometry-identified proteins localized to the tissues by immunofluorescence. The statistical analysis used multiple search algorithms with a 1% false discovery rate cutoff, and the source data are deposited at ProteomeXchange under identifier PXD001738.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:26595531"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "blocked", "blocked_on": "data:accession_absent", "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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