Longitudinal quantification of the gingival crevicular fluid proteome during progression from gingivitis to periodontitis in a canine model.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:26990150", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 7, "content_hash": "sha256:c4793808a59a0d23189b944d24353c077fa735322f0f97b85bc41ce7e76441c6", "created_at": "2026-11-01T15:40:17Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T21:58:59Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Longitudinal quantification of the gingival crevicular fluid proteome during progression from gingivitis to periodontitis in a canine model.", "doi": "10.1111/jcpe.12548", "pmid": "26990150", "authors": ["Ian J Davis", "Andrew W Jones", "Andrew J Creese", "Ruth Staunton", "Jujhar Atwal", "Iain L C Chapple", "Stephen Harris", "Melissa M Grant"], "journal": "Journal of clinical periodontology", "year": 2016, "abstract": "AIM: Inflammatory periodontal disease is widespread in dogs. This study evaluated site-specific changes in the canine gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) proteome during longitudinal progression from very mild gingivitis to mild periodontitis. Periodontitis diagnosis in dogs requires general anaesthesia with associated risks and costs; our ultimate aim was to develop a periodontitis diagnostic for application in conscious dogs. The objective of this work was to identify potential biomarkers of periodontal disease progression in dogs.\nMATERIAL AND METHODS: Gingival crevicular fluid was sampled from a total of 10 teeth in eight dogs at three different stages of health/disease and samples prepared for quantitative mass spectrometry (data available via ProteomeXchange; identifier PXD003337). A univariate mixed model analysis determined significantly altered proteins between health states and six were evaluated by ELISA.\nRESULTS: Four hundred and six proteins were identified with 84 present in all samples. The prevalence of 40 proteins was found to be significantly changed in periodontitis relative to gingivitis. ELISA measurements confirmed that haptoglobin was significantly increased.\nCONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates for the first time that proteins detected by mass spectrometry have potential to identify novel biomarkers for canine periodontal disease. Further work is required to validate additional biomarkers for a periodontitis diagnostic.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "To investigate which proteins changed significantly between disease states, a univariate mixed model analysis of these proteins was employed.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:26990150", "locator": "sections[13] \"Proteomic analysis of GCF samples\" paragraph 8", "quote": "To investigate which proteins changed significantly between disease states, a univariate mixed model analysis of these proteins was employed."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium (Vizcaíno et al. 2014) via the PRIDE partner repository with the data set identifier PXD003337.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:26990150", "locator": "sections[9] \"Mass spectrometry data processing and annotation\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium (Vizcaíno et al. 2014) via the PRIDE partner repository with the data set identifier PXD003337."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "partial", "objective": "Using a univariate mixed model on mass-spectrometry data deposited in ProteomeXchange under PXD003337, the study found 40 proteins significantly changed in periodontitis relative to gingivitis, with ELISA confirming a significant increase in haptoglobin.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:26990150"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:PXD003337"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "blocked", "blocked_on": "method:regression_modelling_mixed_effects", "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:PXD003337"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": ["step:run_analysis blocked on method:regression_modelling_mixed_effects"]}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:26990150", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12548", "sha256": "sha256:b8316360390671d8192d30c92fd4c7ad1d1117332cd19686ebf363d96bc2e595", "bytes": 46432, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "10.1111/jcpe.12548", "version": null, "note": "Full article fetched from PMC; the checksum covers the rendered section body, not the original XML bytes.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC5089638", "source": "europe_pmc_fulltext", "coverage": "whole_body", "text_hash_scope": "rendered_section_body"}}, {"id": "data:geo:PXD003337", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=PXD003337", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "PXD003337", "version": null, "note": "The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium (Vizcaíno et al. 2014) via the PRIDE partner repository with the data set identifier PXD003337.", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium (Vizcaíno et al. 2014) via the PRIDE partner repository with the data set identifier PXD003337.", "access_statement_kind": "data_availability_statement", "sample_accessions": [], "sample_count": null, "group_sizes": null, "group_sizes_basis": null, "platform": null, "taxon": null, "title": "Longitudinal quantification of the GCF proteome during progression from gingivitis to periodontitis in a canine model", "resolution_checked_at": "2026-10-31T18:35:55Z", "resolution_check": "identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}, {"id": "asset:table:pmid:26990150:1", "role": "table", "format": "jats-table", "media_type": "application/vnd.jats.table+json", "uri": null, "sha256": "sha256:2fd67d1757d4be968fb5015a41a1ea2140631d0c3d80d734bd18b718fb55b28b", "bytes": 741, "access": "open", "state": "verified", "reader": "read_table", "reader_status": "available", "identifier": "section[6]/table-wrap[1]#jcpe12548-tbl-0001", "version": null, "note": "Disease scoring system adapted from Marshall et al. 2014 to show the stages used in this study. G1: very mild gingivitis; G3: moderate gingivitis; PD1 mild periodontitis", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC5089638", "section_index": 6, "section_title": "Longitudinal trial design and scoring criteria", "row_count": 4, "column_count": 4}, "table": {"label": "Table 1", "caption": "Disease scoring system adapted from Marshall et al. 2014 to show the stages used in this study. G1: very mild gingivitis; G3: moderate gingivitis; PD1 mild periodontitis", "rows": [["Score", "Gingivitis", "Periodontal probing depth (mm)", "Gingival recession (mm)"], ["G1", "Very mild gingivitis (red, swollen but no bleeding on probing)", "≥1 to 2", "0"], ["G3", "Moderate gingivitis (red, swollen and immediate bleeding on probing)", "≥1 to 2", "0"], ["PD1", "Gingivitis must be present (i.e. active periodontitis)", ">2 (>3 on canine teeth) to 4 (6 on canine teeth)", ">0 to 2 (3 on canine teeth)"]], "row_count": 4, "column_count": 4, "numeric_cells": 6, "header_rows": 1, "locator": "section[6]/table-wrap[1]#jcpe12548-tbl-0001"}}, {"id": "asset:table:pmid:26990150:2", "role": "table", "format": "jats-table", "media_type": "application/vnd.jats.table+json", "uri": null, "sha256": "sha256:15c07100872578d845ba989d7645f17e7970b1248c1c39fbfb39104f6a093499", "bytes": 1224, "access": "open", "state": "verified", "reader": "read_table", "reader_status": "available", "identifier": "section[6]/table-wrap[2]#jcpe12548-tbl-0002", "version": null, "note": "A summary of the 30 samples used for proteomic discovery. Table shows the unique dog identification number, tooth sampled, age at start of study, gender and the week when the respective sample was taken. G1 represents very mild gingivitis, G3 moderate gingivitis and PD1 mild periodontitis. Teeth are labelled by quadrant (where the first number represents the FDI notation for that quadrant) and position in the quadrant (second and third numbers 03 incisor, 04 canine, 07 premolar, 08 premolar and 09 molar)", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC5089638", "section_index": 6, "section_title": "Longitudinal trial design and scoring criteria", "row_count": 12, "column_count": 7}, "table": {"label": "Table 2", "caption": "A summary of the 30 samples used for proteomic discovery. Table shows the unique dog identification number, tooth sampled, age at start of study, gender and the week when the respective sample was taken. G1 represents very mild gingivitis, G3 moderate gingivitis and PD1 mild periodontitis. Teeth are labelled by quadrant (where the first number represents the FDI notation for that quadrant) and position in the quadrant (second and third numbers 03 incisor, 04 canine, 07 premolar, 08 premolar and 09 molar)", "rows": [["Dog ID", "Tooth", "Sex", "Age (years)", "Sampling week"], ["G1 sample", "G3 sample", "PD1 sample"], ["MS05164", "207", "Male", "1.3", "6", "18", "42"], ["MS05159", "409", "Female", "1.3", "0", "24", "54"], ["MS04713", "104", "Male", "4.7", "0", "6", "24"], ["MS04713", "304", "Male", "4.7", "0", "18", "24"], ["MS04707", "408", "Female", "4.8", "0", "18", "24"], ["MS04651", "208", "Female", "5.8", "0", "12", "18"], ["MS05027", "103", "Male", "2.4", "0", "30", "42"], ["MS05029", "209", "Female", "2.5", "0", "6", "12"], ["MS05028", "108", "Male", "2.3", "18", "30", "42"], ["MS05028", "209", "Male", "2.3", "0", "18", "42"]], "row_count": 12, "column_count": 7, "numeric_cells": 60, "header_rows": 2, "locator": "section[6]/table-wrap[2]#jcpe12548-tbl-0002"}}, {"id": "asset:table:pmid:26990150:3", "role": "table", "format": "jats-table", "media_type": "application/vnd.jats.table+json", "uri": null, "sha256": "sha256:6a78232950678a95998ab03d3e8aaf9fcd7e61ba1fdf0b908c32d059f089e9e4", "bytes": 7495, "access": "open", "state": "verified", "reader": "read_table", "reader_status": "available", "identifier": "section[13]/table-wrap[1]#jcpe12548-tbl-0003", "version": null, "note": "Results of the univariate mixed model analysis comparing each health state, showing the 41 proteins with significant changes at adjusted p < 0.05. For each health state comparison, the fold change and 95% confidence intervals are shown along with adjusted p‐values. G1 represents very mild gingivitis, G3 moderate gingivitis and PD1 mild periodontitis", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC5089638", "section_index": 13, "section_title": "Proteomic analysis of GCF samples", "row_count": 41, "column_count": 7}, "table": {"label": "Table 3", "caption": "Results of the univariate mixed model analysis comparing each health state, showing the 41 proteins with significant changes at adjusted p < 0.05. For each health state comparison, the fold change and 95% confidence intervals are shown along with adjusted p‐values. 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Mass spectrometry data processing and annotation The data were", "ch contained unique peptides were used). The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to the P"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:813", "id": "assay:1"}, {"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "elisa", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.99, "evidence": ["ween health states and six were evaluated by ELISA. RESULTS: Four hundred and six proteins were", "ged in periodontitis relative to gingivitis. ELISA measurements confirmed that haptoglobin was", "tory with the data set identifier PXD003337. ELISA methodology In an attempt to corroborate the", "om the same tooth was screened with a single ELISA. 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