Heavy alcohol drinking downregulates ALDH2 gene expression but heavy smoking up-regulates SOD2 gene expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:28841898", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 4, "content_hash": "sha256:13166caf2db086961578bd6a23e6f0131a3a9053c5636b663675e38a1f069b1f", "created_at": "2026-11-01T15:40:28Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T21:21:02Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Heavy alcohol drinking downregulates ALDH2 gene expression but heavy smoking up-regulates SOD2 gene expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.", "doi": "10.1186/s12957-017-1225-1", "pmid": "28841898", "authors": ["Dong Jin Lee", "Hyung Min Lee", "Jin Hwan Kim", "Ii Seok Park", "Young Soo Rho"], "journal": "World journal of surgical oncology", "year": 2017, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: This study aims to determine the relationship between expression levels of ALDH2 and SOD2 genes and clinical parameters such as alcohol drinking, tobacco smoking, primary site of HNSCC, and human papilloma virus (HPV) state.\nMETHODS: Gene expression data were obtained from gene expression omnibus (GEO accession number: GSE65858). Clinical data (N = 270) including survival result, gender, age, TNM stage, primary site of HNSCC, HPV status, alcohol drinking, and tobacco smoking habit were analyzed according to gene expression pattern.\nRESULTS: ALDH2 gene was expressed in low levels in patients with heavy alcohol consumption. It was expressed in high (p = 0.01) levels in patients with no or light alcohol consumption. ALDH2 gene was also expressed in low levels in patients with oral cavity cancers or hypopharynx cancers. However, ALDH2 gene was expressed in high (p = 0.03) levels in patients with oropharyngeal cancers or laryngeal cancers. HPV-positive patients were found to have high (p = 0.02) expression levels of ALDH2. SOD2 gene was expressed in high (p = 0.005) levels in patients who had greater mean pack-year of tobacco smoking. Based on log rank test, the group of patients with high expression of ALDH2 showed better (p = 0.002) clinical results than those with low expression of ALDH2. Difference of survival results between ALDH2 high-expressed group and ALDH2 low-expressed group was validated in another cohort (GSE39368, N = 138).\nCONCLUSIONS: Heavy alcohol drinking downregulates ALDH2 gene expression level. Heavy smoking up-regulates SOD2 gene expression level in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The group of patients with low expression levels of ALDH2 showed significantly poorer survival results compared to those with high expression levels of ALDH2.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "Gene expression data (mRNA-seq) and clinical data of 270 head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) were obtained from gene expression omnibus (GEO) (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/, accession number: GSE65858). Also, clinical data of 183 HNSCCs were obtained from GEO (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/, accession number: GSE39368) as a validation cohort.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:28841898", "locator": "sections[17] \"ack\" paragraph 1", "quote": "Gene expression data (mRNA-seq) and clinical data of 270 head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) were obtained from gene expression omnibus (GEO) (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/, accession number: GSE65858). Also, clinical data of 183 HNSCCs were obtained from GEO (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/, accession number: GSE39368) as a validation cohort."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "Using GEO gene-expression data from GSE65858 and Kaplan–Meier plots with log-rank tests, the study found that high ALDH2 expression was associated with better overall survival in HNSCC, whereas SOD2 expression was not significantly associated with survival.", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:28841898", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Gene expression data were obtained from gene expression omnibus (GEO accession number: GSE65858)."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:28841898", "locator": "sections[6] \"Survival analysis\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The association of each group with overall survival was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier plots and log rank test."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:28841898", "locator": "sections[12] \"Survival analysis\" paragraph 2", "quote": "ALDH2 high-expression group showed better survival results compared to the ALDH2 low-expression group (Fig. 3a)."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:28841898", "locator": "sections[12] \"Survival analysis\" paragraph 2", "quote": "However, the survival results of SOD2 high-expression group were not significantly different from those of SOD2 low-expression group (Fig. 3b)."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "Using GEO gene-expression data from GSE65858 and Kaplan–Meier plots with log-rank tests, the study found that high ALDH2 expression was associated with better overall survival in HNSCC, whereas SOD2 expression was not significantly associated with survival.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:28841898"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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