Extracellular Vesicle Subtypes Released From Activated or Apoptotic T-Lymphocytes Carry a Specific and Stimulus-Dependent Protein Cargo.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:29599781", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 7, "content_hash": "sha256:2e40e48e50ccb4692406a2e8b3ce7c0df5a69f951d5d563b604a22720b6c60b1", "created_at": "2026-11-01T15:40:33Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T21:59:47Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Extracellular Vesicle Subtypes Released From Activated or Apoptotic T-Lymphocytes Carry a Specific and Stimulus-Dependent Protein Cargo.", "doi": "10.3389/fimmu.2018.00534", "pmid": "29599781", "authors": ["Christine Tucher", "Konrad Bode", "Petra Schiller", "Laura Claßen", "Carolin Birr", "Maria Margarida Souto-Carneiro", "Norbert Blank", "Hanns-Martin Lorenz", "Martin Schiller"], "journal": "Frontiers in immunology", "year": 2018, "abstract": "Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released from nearly all mammalian cells and different EV populations have been described. Microvesicles represent large EVs (LEVs) released from the cellular surface, while exosomes are small EVs (SEVs) released from an intracellular compartment. As it is likely that different stimuli promote the release of distinct EV populations, we analyzed EVs from human lymphocytes considering the respective release stimuli (activation Vs. apoptosis induction). We could clearly separate two EV populations, namely SEVs (average diameter <200 nm) and LEVs (diameter range between 200 and 1000 nm). Morphology and size were analyzed by electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Apoptosis induction caused a massive release of LEVs, while activated T-cells released SEVs and LEVs in considerably lower amounts. The release of SEVs from apoptotic T-cells was comparable with LEV release from activated ones. LEVs contained signaling proteins and proteins of the actin-myosin cytoskeleton. SEVs carried cytoplasmic/endosomal proteins like the 70-kDa heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) or tumor susceptibility 101 (TSG101), microtubule-associated proteins, and ubiquitinated proteins. The protein expression profile of SEVs and LEVs changed substantially after the induction of apoptosis. After apoptosis induction, HSP70 and TSG101 (often used as exosome markers) were highly expressed within LEVs. Interestingly, in contrast to HSP70 and TSG101, gelsolin and eps15 homology domain-containing protein 3 (EHD3) turned out to be specific for SEVs irrespective of the stimulus causing the EV release. Finally, we detected several subunits of the proteasome (PSMB9, PSMB10) as well as the danger signal HMGB1 exclusively within apoptotic cell-released LEVs. Thus, we were able to identify new marker proteins that can be useful to discriminate between distinct LEV subpopulations. The mass spectrometry proteomics data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD009074.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "Paired two-tailed Student’s t-tests was used to perform statistical analysis. Statistical analysis for DIGE analysis was performed using DIGE DeCyder software V7.0 (GE Healthcare, Freiburg, Germany). The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE (45, 46) partner repository with the dataset identifier PXD009074 and 10.6019/PXD009074.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:29599781", "locator": "sections[11] \"Statistics\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Paired two-tailed Student’s t-tests was used to perform statistical analysis."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:29599781", "locator": "sections[11] \"Statistics\" paragraph 3", "quote": "Statistical analysis for DIGE analysis was performed using DIGE DeCyder software V7.0 (GE Healthcare, Freiburg, Germany)."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:29599781", "locator": "sections[8] \"Mass Spectrometry\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE (45, 46) partner repository with the dataset identifier PXD009074 and 10.6019/PXD009074."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The mass spectrometry proteomics data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD009074.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:29599781", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 1", "quote": "The mass spectrometry proteomics data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD009074."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "The study identified 24 differentially regulated EV proteins and used paired two-tailed Student’s t-tests for non-DIGE statistical analysis, while the mass-spectrometry source data were deposited in ProteomeXchange via PRIDE under identifier PXD009074.", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:29599781", "locator": "sections[1] \"Introduction\" paragraph 5", "quote": "By means of two dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) followed by mass spectrometry, we were able to identify 24 proteins which are differentially expressed and regulated within SEVs and LEVs after cellular activation or apoptosis induction."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:29599781", "locator": "sections[11] \"Statistics\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Paired two-tailed Student’s t-tests was used to perform statistical analysis."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:29599781", "locator": "sections[11] \"Statistics\" paragraph 3", "quote": "Statistical analysis for DIGE analysis was performed using DIGE DeCyder software V7.0 (GE Healthcare, Freiburg, Germany)."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:29599781", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 1", "quote": "The mass spectrometry proteomics data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD009074."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:29599781", "locator": "sections[8] \"Mass Spectrometry\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE (45, 46) partner repository with the dataset identifier PXD009074 and 10.6019/PXD009074."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "partial", "objective": "The study identified 24 differentially regulated EV proteins and used paired two-tailed Student’s t-tests for non-DIGE statistical analysis, while the mass-spectrometry source data were deposited in ProteomeXchange via PRIDE under identifier PXD009074.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:29599781"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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We could clearly separate two EV", "croscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Apoptosis induction caused a massive release of LEVs,", "changed substantially after the induction of apoptosis. After apoptosis induction, HSP70 and TSG101", "ally after the induction of apoptosis. After apoptosis induction, HSP70 and TSG101 (often used as e"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:558", "id": "assay:1"}, {"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "cell_imaging", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.69, "evidence": ["orphology and size were analyzed by electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. 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The mass spectrometry proteomics data are available via ProteomeXchange with"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:2004", "id": "assay:3"}, {"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "cell_culture", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.77, "evidence": ["(PBS, Sigma, Taufkirchen, Germany) and were cultured in RPMI 1640 (Life Science Technologies, Darmst"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:2694", "id": "assay:4"}, {"role": "analysis", "definition_id": "group_comparison", "definition_version": "f2132e96ae6c7a4e", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"dsl_catalogue": "f2132e96ae6c7a4e"}, "confidence": 1.0, "evidence": ["Paired two-tailed Student’s t-tests was used to perform statistical analysis. 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