Exosomal Interferon-Induced Transmembrane Protein 2 Transmitted to Dendritic Cells Inhibits Interferon Alpha Pathway Activation and Blocks Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Efficacy of Exogenous Interferon Alpha.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:30723923", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 8, "content_hash": "sha256:60ac075133adbc5399ff910d24171977759127ddbb47bf84947af9c42efb1431", "created_at": "2026-11-01T15:40:41Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:00:20Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Exosomal Interferon-Induced Transmembrane Protein 2 Transmitted to Dendritic Cells Inhibits Interferon Alpha Pathway Activation and Blocks Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Efficacy of Exogenous Interferon Alpha.", "doi": "10.1002/hep.30548", "pmid": "30723923", "authors": ["Ying Shi", "Lingyao Du", "Duoduo Lv", "Hong Li", "Jin Shang", "Jiajie Lu", "Lingyun Zhou", "Lang Bai", "Hong Tang"], "journal": "Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)", "year": 2019, "abstract": "The negative regulators in the interferon (IFN) signaling pathway inhibit intrahepatic immune response, resulting in suboptimal therapeutic response to IFNα treatment in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. Identifying the key negative factors and elucidating the regulating mechanism are essential for improving anti-HBV (hepatitis B virus) efficacy of IFNα. From the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, we downloaded and analyzed gene expression profiles of CHB patients with different responses to IFNα (GSE54747), and found that innate immune status was associated with the IFNα-based therapeutic response in CHB patients. Through PCR array, we found higher baseline level of IFN-induced transmembrane protein 2 (IFITM2) mRNA and lower baseline level of IFNα mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of CHB patients with suboptimal response to IFNα treatment. Increased IFITM2 protein was also found in the serum of IFNα nonresponsive patients. With further experiments, we found that overexpressing IFITM2 in Huh7 cells suppressed endogenous IFNα synthesis by inhibiting phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3); knocking out IFITM2 enhanced activation of the endogenous IFNα synthesis pathway, exhibiting better inhibition on HBV replication. We also found that IFITM2 protein was shuttled by exosomes to dendritic cells (DCs), the main source of endogenous IFNα. Exosome-mediated transport of IFITM2 inhibited synthesis of endogenous IFNα in DCs whereas the inhibitory effect was abolished when IFITM2 was knocked out. Furthermore, we demonstrated that both palmitoylation inhibitor and mutation on 70/71 sites of IFITM2 protein influenced its incorporation into exosomes. Mutated IFITM2 protein increased the effect of IFNα against HBV. Conclusion: Exosome-mediated transport of IFITM2 to DCs inhibits IFNα pathway activation and blocks anti-HBV efficacy of exogenous IFNα. The findings provide an explanation to the suboptimal response of CHB patients to IFNα treatment.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "Measurement data are described by the means ± SDs or the medians (interquartile range) according to their distribution characteristics and were analyzed with a t test or a z test.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:30723923", "locator": "sections[18] \"Statistical Analysis\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Measurement data are described by the means ± SDs or the medians (interquartile range) according to their distribution characteristics and were analyzed with a t test or a z test."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "Gene expression profiles of patients (GSE54747) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) public database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/).", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:30723923", "locator": "sections[7] \"GENE Expression Omnibus Data Acquisition and Analysis\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Gene expression profiles of patients (GSE54747) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) public database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/)."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": null, "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:30723923"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE54747"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE54747"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": []}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:30723923", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.30548", "sha256": "sha256:55fa413e8602cd730046d9497ef07c9f80dcee09d7328284f6e5881af3c23ea0", "bytes": 55345, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "10.1002/hep.30548", "version": null, "note": "Full article fetched from PMC; 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