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pmid:30872976

Identification of aberrantly methylated differentially expressed genes in prostate carcinoma using integrated bioinformatics.

Kai Wu · Xiaotao Yin · Yipeng Jin · Fangfang Liu · Jiangping Gao

Cancer cell international · 2019 doi:10.1186/s12935-019-0763-8

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Experiment

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Data

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pmid:30872976
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2026-11-01T15:40:43Z
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paper object · 10 fields
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title
Identification of aberrantly methylated differentially expressed genes in prostate carcinoma using integrated bioinformatics.
doi
10.1186/s12935-019-0763-8
pmid
30872976
authors array · 5 items
[0]
Kai Wu
[1]
Xiaotao Yin
[2]
Yipeng Jin
[3]
Fangfang Liu
[4]
Jiangping Gao
journal
Cancer cell international
year
2019
abstract
BACKGROUND: Methylation plays a key role in the aetiology and pathogenesis of prostate cancer (PCa). This study aimed to identify aberrantly methylated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and pathways in PCa and explore the underlying mechanisms of tumourigenesis. METHODS: Expression profile (GSE29079) and methylation profile (GSE76938) datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). We used R 3.4.4 software to assess aberrantly methylated DEGs. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) RNA sequencing and Illumina HumanMethylation450 DNA methylation data were utilized to validate screened genes. Functional enrichment analysis of the screened genes was performed, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Gens (STRING). The results were visualized in Cytoscape. After confirmation using TCGA, cBioPortal was used to examine alterations in genes of interest. Then, protein localization in PCa cells was observed using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Overall, 536 hypomethylated upregulated genes were identified that were enriched in biological processes such as negative regulation of transcription, osteoblast differentiation, intracellular signal transduction, and the Wnt signalling pathway. Pathway enrichment showed significant changes in factors involved in AMPK signalling, cancer, and adherens junction pathways. The hub oncogenes were AKT1, PRDM10, and FASN. Additionally, 322 hypermethylated downregulated genes were identified that demonstrated enrichment in biological processes including positive regulation of the MAPK cascade, muscle contraction, ageing, and signal transduction. Pathway analysis indicated enrichment in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), focal adhesion, dilated cardiomyopathy, and PI3K-AKT signalling. The hub tumour suppressor gene was FLNA. Immunohistochemistry showed that AKT1, FASN, and FLNA were mainly expressed in PCa cell cytoplasm, while PRDM10 was mainly expressed in nuclei. CONCLUSIONS: Our results identify numerous novel genetic and epigenetic regulatory networks and offer molecular evidence crucial to understanding the pathogenesis of PCa. Aberrantly methylated hub genes, including AKT1, PRDM10, FASN, and FLNA, can be used as biomarkers for accurate PCa diagnosis and treatment. In conclusion, our study suggests that AKT1, PRDM10, and FASN may be tumour promoters and that FLNA may be a tumour suppressor in PCa. We hope these findings will draw more attention to these hub genes in future cancer studies.
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Gene expression profiles of 48 normal and 47 prostate tumor tissue samples
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Illumina M450 profiling of human prostate cancer tissue and benign prostate tissue
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Gene Ontology analysis of aberrantly methylated differentially expressed genes in prostate cancer
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11
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GO functional enrichment analysis
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Gene Ontology analysis of aberrantly methylated differentially expressed genes in prostate cancer
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[0] array · 4 items
[0]
Category
[1]
Term
[2]
Count
[3]
P value
[1] array · 1 item
[0]
Hypomethylated with high expression
[2] array · 4 items
[0]
GOTERM_BP_DIRECT
[1]
GO:0000122 —negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
[2]
41
[3]
5.49E−05
[3] array · 4 items
[0]
GOTERM_BP_DIRECT
[1]
GO:0001649 —osteoblast differentiation
[2]
12
[3]
1.99E−04
[4] array · 4 items
[0]
GOTERM_BP_DIRECT
[1]
GO:0035556 —intracellular signal transduction
[2]
25
[3]
6.61E−04
[5] array · 4 items
[0]
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[1]
GO:0007223 —Wnt signalling pathway, calcium-modulating pathway
[2]
7
[3]
8.00E−04
[6] array · 4 items
[0]
GOTERM_BP_DIRECT
[1]
GO:0030036 —actin cytoskeleton organization
[2]
12
[3]
0.0013
[7] array · 4 items
[0]
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[1]
GO:0005654 —nucleoplasm
[2]
111
[3]
8.73E−05
[8] array · 4 items
[0]
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[1]
GO:0005829 —cytosol
[2]
126
[3]
1.97E−04
[9] array · 4 items
[0]
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[1]
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[2]
6
[3]
0.0021
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[0]
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[1]
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[2]
176
[3]
0.0030
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[0]
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[2]
8
[3]
0.0054
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[2]
297
[3]
2.57E−04
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18
[3]
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18
[3]
0.0037
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16
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0.0066
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[0]
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[0]
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8
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8.37E−05
[19] array · 4 items
[0]
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[2]
9
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1.41E−04
[20] array · 4 items
[0]
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11
[3]
2.19E−04
[21] array · 4 items
[0]
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37
[3]
2.44E−04
[22] array · 4 items
[0]
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[1]
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[2]
7
[3]
3.77E−04
[23] array · 4 items
[0]
GOTERM_CC_DIRECT
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24
[3]
1.01E−03
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GOTERM_CC_DIRECT
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25
[3]
1.34E−03
[25] array · 4 items
[0]
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74
[3]
2.77E−03
[26] array · 4 items
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9
[3]
3.60E−03
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41
[3]
1.24E−02
[28] array · 4 items
[0]
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[1]
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16
[3]
1.37E−04
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184
[3]
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8
[3]
8.30E−04
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4
[3]
0.0037
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GOTERM_MF_DIRECT
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5
[3]
0.0044
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Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis of aberrantly methylated differentially expressed genes in prostate cancer
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KEGG pathway analysis
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Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis of aberrantly methylated differentially expressed genes in prostate cancer
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[1]
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24
[3]
0.0062
[4]
HSP90AB1, DVL3, CTBP1, ADCY1, COL4A1, ADCY7, RXRA, CREBBP, GNA12, LEF1, FZD4, TCF7L2, TPM3, DAPK1, AKT1, JUP, IGF1R, WNT7B, CBLB, CCND1, GNB2, GNB1, CASP8, GNG7
[4] array · 5 items
[0]
KEGG_PATHWAY
[1]
hsa04520: adherens junction
[2]
8
[3]
0.0094
[4]
ACTG1, IGF1R, TJP1, WASF3, BAIAP2, CREBBP, LEF1, TCF7L2
[5] array · 1 item
[0]
Hypermethylated with low expression
[6] array · 5 items
[0]
KEGG_PATHWAY
[1]
hsa05412: arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC)
[2]
8
[3]
3.99E−04
[4]
DES, SGCG, DMD, ITGA7, ITGA1, CACNB2, GJA1, CTNNB1
[7] array · 5 items
[0]
KEGG_PATHWAY
[1]
hsa04510: focal adhesion
[2]
12
[3]
0.0020
[4]
CAV2, ITGA7, ITGA1, PDGFC, PTEN, FLNA, PIK3R1, MYLK, COL4A6, KDR, CTNNB1, PRKCB
[8] array · 5 items
[0]
KEGG_PATHWAY
[1]
hsa05410: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)
[2]
7
[3]
0.0038
[4]
DES, SGCG, DMD, ITGA7, ITGA1, CACNB2, TPM1 1
[9] array · 5 items
[0]
KEGG_PATHWAY
[1]
hsa05414: dilated cardiomyopathy
[2]
7
[3]
0.0054
[4]
DES, SGCG, DMD, ITGA7, ITGA1, CACNB2, TPM1
[10] array · 5 items
[0]
KEGG_PATHWAY
[1]
hsa04151: PI3K-Akt signalling pathway
[2]
15
[3]
0.0063
[4]
FGFR2, ITGA1, KITLG, KIT, LPAR1, PTEN, COL4A6, KDR, EIF4B, CDKN1B, ITGA7, ANGPT1, PDGFC, FGF2, PIK3R1
locator
section[12]/table-wrap[1]#Tab2
[5] object · 16 fields
id
asset:table:pmid:30872976:3
role
table
format
jats-table
media_type
application/vnd.jats.table+json
uri
null
sha256
sha256:08fd770e9675fb7c153aaf539f2917a76225ed4e2572e276b973789023d60c2c
bytes
2569
access
open
state
verified
reader
read_table
reader_status
available
identifier
section[13]/table-wrap[1]#Tab3
version
null
note
Hub genes among the aberrantly methylated differentially expressed genes ranked in cytoHubba
structure object · 5 fields
pmcid
PMC6402097
section_index
13
section_title
PPI network construction and cytoHubba analysis
row_count
11
column_count
3
table object · 8 fields
label
Table 3
caption
Hub genes among the aberrantly methylated differentially expressed genes ranked in cytoHubba
rows array · 11 items
[0] array · 3 items
[0]
Category
[1]
Rank method in cytoHubba
[2]
Top 30 genes
[1] array · 3 items
[0]
Hypomethylated with high expression
[1]
Betweenness
[2]
AKT1, PRDM10, ACACA, GNB1, DICER1, CTBP1, ACTG1, CREBBP, HSP90AB1, DCY7, GNG7, PXN, POLR2D, PPP3CA, EEF2, BGN, GNB2, EHMT2, FASN, CCND1 , OXA1L, SHMT2, CBLB, ATP5B, UBE4A, RPL6, SYNJ2, TCF7L2, EPHB2, FAF2
[2] array · 2 items
[0]
Bottleneck
[1]
AKT1, PRDM10 , ACACA, DICER1, GNB1, ADCY7, CTBP1, SH3RF1, EHMT2, CREBBP, PPP3CA, ACTG1, FASN , RPL6, JUP, OXA1L, BGN, HSP90AB1, PXN, ECHS1, ATP5B, GPT2, POLR2D, CCND1 , SYNJ2, SHMT2, EIF4A1, USP7, CHEK1, EEF2
[3] array · 2 items
[0]
Closeness
[1]
AKT1, PRDM10, ACACA, GNB1, CCND1 , CTBP1, GNG7, DICER1, CREBBP, ADCY7, GNB2, PXN, IGF1R, PPP3CA, HSP90AB1, LEF1, EIF4A1, PDPK1, ITPR3, RPTOR, EHMT2, CHEK1, ACTG1, POLR2D, YWHAG, TCF7L2, EEF2, FASN , EPHB2, POLR3A
[4] array · 2 items
[0]
Radiality
[1]
AKT1, PRDM10 , ACACA, CCND1, CTBP1, DICER1, CREBBP, PPP3CA, IGF1R, GNB1, ADCY7, LEF1, PXN, EIF4A1, GNB2, HSP90AB1, GNG7, RPTOR, ITPR3, YWHAG, PDPK1, CHEK1, EHMT2, ACTG1, CASP8, TJP1, FASN , TSC2, EPHB2, TCF7L2
[5] array · 2 items
[0]
Stress
[1]
AKT1, PRDM10 , ACACA, GNB1, DICER1, CTBP1, ADCY7, GNG7, HSP90AB1, CREBBP, ACTG1, GNB2, POLR2D, PPP3CA, PXN, CBLB, EEF2, CCND1 , EHMT2, BGN, TCF7L2, UBE4A, ATP5B, IGF1R, SYNJ2, POLR3A, FASN , SHMT2, EIF4A1, CHEK1
[6] array · 3 items
[0]
Hypermethylated with low expression
[1]
Betweenness
[2]
CTNNB1, DPYD, FGF2, VCAM1, PTEN, KIT, CFTR, RHOB, DCN, KDR, DMD, ANXA2, PRKCB , PRKG2, DES, FLNA , FST, KAT2B, PIK3R1, ITGA1, FOXO1, TPM1, PDE4D, ACSS3, CCK, KITLG, NT5E, CUL1, GATA3, HOPX
[7] array · 2 items
[0]
Closeness
[1]
CTNNB1, FGF2, PTEN, KIT, VCAM1, KDR, PIK3R1, FOXO1, KITLG, DPYD, PROM1, CDKN1B, RHOB, LEPR, GJA1, PRKCB , KAT2B, ANXA2, DCN, SNAI2, DES, FGFR2, ITGA1, CUL1, FLNA , NT5E, CFTR, CCK, ANGPT1, PRKG2
[8] array · 2 items
[0]
Degree
[1]
CTNNB1, FGF2, PTEN,KIT, VCAM1, KDR, KITLG, PIK3R1, KAT2B, CUL1, DPYD, RHOB, FOXO1, FLNA , CDKN1B, DES, DCN, PRKCB, ITGA1, DMD, CCK, CFTR, ANXA2, PROM1, UBE3A, TPM1, PRKG2, NT5E, LEPR, FGFR2
[9] array · 2 items
[0]
Eccentricity
[1]
VCAM1, ANXA2, KIT, FGF2, KDR, PIK3R1, DMD, GJA1, PRKCB, PRKG2, TMOD1, ITGA1, COCH, CCK, AVPR1A, MTUS1, EDNRA, MYOF, FLNA, CFTR, CXCL1, LPAR1, ANXA6, GSN, PDE4D, NT5E, COL4A6, HLA-F, TRIM29, DAB1
[10] array · 2 items
[0]
Edge percolated component (EPC)
[1]
FGF2, CTNNB1, KIT, PTEN, KDR, VCAM1, KITLG, PIK3R1, PROM1, CDKN1B, FOXO1, CUL1, KAT2B, ITGA1, FGFR2, ANGPT1, GJA1, DES, SNAI2, RHOB, UBE3A, FLNA, PRKCB , CCK, LEPR, CUL2, NT5E, TNS1, DCN, ANXA2
locator
section[13]/table-wrap[1]#Tab3
[6] object · 16 fields
id
asset:table:pmid:30872976:4
role
table
format
jats-table
media_type
application/vnd.jats.table+json
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null
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sha256:3133802c705078e3ee3e52b68b7c15b966d9517be2f5f7fc2b77a018923eaaab
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2926
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verified
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read_table
reader_status
available
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section[14]/table-wrap[1]#Tab4
version
null
note
Module analysis of the protein–protein interaction network
structure object · 5 fields
pmcid
PMC6402097
section_index
14
section_title
Module analysis
row_count
11
column_count
6
table object · 8 fields
label
Table 4
caption
Module analysis of the protein–protein interaction network
rows array · 11 items
[0] array · 6 items
[0]
Category
[1]
Module
[2]
Score
[3]
Nodes
[4]
Enrichment and pathway description
[5]
Genes
[1] array · 6 items
[0]
Hypomethylated with high expression
[1]
1
[2]
12.00
[3]
12
[4]
GO:0016874—ligase activityGO:0004842—ubiquitin protein transferase activityGO:0000209—protein polyubiquitinationhsa04120: ubiquitin-mediated proteolysisGO:0071377—cellular response to glucagon stimulus
[5]
TRIM36, HERC3, NEDD4L, UBE4A, CBLB, SH3RF1, ASB13, MYLIP, RNF220, UBA1, UBE2H, RBBP6
[2] array · 5 items
[0]
2
[1]
10.00
[2]
10
[3]
GO:0007186—G-protein-coupled receptor signalling pathwayGO:0007193—adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G-protein-coupled receptor signalling pathwayhsa04727: GABAergic synapse
[4]
ADCY7, GNB1, GNB2, GNG7, ADCY1, DRD3, HTR1E, SST, RLN3, ADRA2A
[3] array · 5 items
[0]
3
[1]
8.889
[2]
10
[3]
GO:0005634—nucleusGO:0005515—protein bindingGO:0006260—DNA replicationhsa04110: cell cycle
[4]
CENPF, E2F8, TK1, HJURP, MCM3, ZWINT, MELK, CDKN3, EXO1, CHEK1
[4] array · 5 items
[0]
4
[1]
7.00
[2]
7
[3]
GO:0030669—clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membraneGO:0060071—Wnt signalling pathway, planar cell polarity pathwayGO:0035615—clathrin adaptor activityhsa04144: endocytosis
[4]
FZD4, REPS2, ADRB2, SYNJ2, AP2M1, AP2A2, AAK1
[5] array · 5 items
[0]
5
[1]
5.20
[2]
16
[3]
GO:0006383—transcription from RNA polymerase III promoterGO:0003899—DNA-directed RNA polymerase activityGO:0032481—positive regulation of type I interferon productionhsa00230: purine metabolism
[4]
POLR2D, GUCY2F, TCF7L2, POLR1D, EEF2, POLR3H, GUCY1A3, SNAPC4, TCEANC, JUP, WNT7B, CTBP1, DVL3, BRF1, CREBBP, POLR3A
[6] array · 5 items
[0]
6
[1]
3.444
[2]
19
[3]
GO:0001649—osteoblast differentiationGO:0030206—chondroitin sulfateGO:0005515—protein bindinghsa05222: focal adhesion
[4]
FHIT, COL4A1, DROSHA, NUMA1, DDX21, CMKLR1, COL3A1, DICER1, B3GALT6, OXA1L, MEF2D, FUS, DNMT3B, ARFIP2, VCAN, THBS2, CCND1, XYLT1, AKT1
[7] array · 5 items
[0]
7
[1]
3.143
[2]
8
[3]
GO:0009058—biosynthetic processGO:0005759—mitochondrial matrixGO:0030170—pyridoxal phosphate bindinghsa01230: biosynthesis of amino acids
[4]
GPT2, FASN, GOT2, RPTOR, ATP5B, TSC2, PRDM10, SHMT2
[8] array · 6 items
[0]
Hypermethylated with low expression
[1]
1
[2]
6.00
[3]
13
[4]
GO:0016032—viral processGO:0048015—phosphatidylinositol-mediated signallingGO:0061630—ubiquitin protein ligase activityhsa05200: pathways in cancer
[5]
CUL2, PIK3R1, UBE3A, PTEN, PROM1, FBXL3, KITLG, KIT, KLHL2, FBXO17, CUL1, VCAM1, UBE2V2
[9] array · 5 items
[0]
2
[1]
3.667
[2]
7
[3]
GO:0007202—activation of phospholipase C activityGO:0010595—positive regulation of endothelial cell migrationGO:0008284—positive regulation of cell proliferation
[4]
ANGPT1, FGF2, LPAR1, EDNRA, KDR, AVPR1A, CCK
[10] array · 5 items
[0]
3
[1]
3.333
[2]
7
[3]
hsa04015: Rap1 signalling pathwayGO:0045944—positive regulation of transcription from RNAPolymerase II promoterGO:0005654—nucleoplasm
[4]
HLA-F, IRF2, PPARGC1A, TRIM29, CDK8, CEBPB, KAT2B
locator
section[14]/table-wrap[1]#Tab4
[7] object · 16 fields
id
asset:table:pmid:30872976:5
role
table
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jats-table
media_type
application/vnd.jats.table+json
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null
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sha256:20f04455a16ad8a87199fd7d4d2f9bdc487182bfe08a2641e24830e2c867dbad
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read_table
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section[15]/table-wrap[1]#Tab5
version
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note
Validation of the hub genes in TCGA
structure object · 5 fields
pmcid
PMC6402097
section_index
15
section_title
Identification and validation of the six selected genes
row_count
7
column_count
6
table object · 8 fields
label
Table 5
caption
Validation of the hub genes in TCGA
rows array · 7 items
[0] array · 6 items
[0]
Category
[1]
Hub gene
[2]
Expression status
[3]
P value
[4]
Methylation status
[5]
P value
[1] array · 6 items
[0]
Hypomethylated with high expression
[1]
AKT1
[2]
Upregulated
[3]
0.0063
[4]
Hypomethylated
[5]
7.17E−07
[2] array · 5 items
[0]
PRDM10
[1]
Upregulated
[2]
0.0031
[3]
Hypomethylated
[4]
4.62E−10
[3] array · 5 items
[0]
CCND1
[1]
–
[2]
–
[3]
Hypomethylated
[4]
5.98E−19
[4] array · 5 items
[0]
FASN
[1]
Upregulated
[2]
3.85E−15
[3]
Hypomethylated
[4]
6.36E−21
[5] array · 6 items
[0]
Hypermethylated with low expression
[1]
FLNA
[2]
Downregulated
[3]
2.05E−29
[4]
Hypermethylated
[5]
6.99E−20
[6] array · 5 items
[0]
PRKCB
[1]
Downregulated
[2]
3.54E−37
[3]
–
[4]
–
locator
section[15]/table-wrap[1]#Tab5
gaps array · 4 items
[0]
asset:data:geo:GSE29079 not downloaded
[1]
asset:data:geo:GSE29079 licence not read
[2]
asset:data:geo:GSE76938 not downloaded
[3]
asset:data:geo:GSE76938 licence not read
analysis object · 4 fields
state
complete
methods array · 2 items
[0] object · 10 fields
id
method-1
family
network_analysis
specific
ppi_network
label
Network / pathway analysis
dsl_operations array · 3 items
[0]
build_graph
[1]
centrality_scores
[2]
pathway_enrich
missing_operations array · 0 items
parameters object · 0 fields
data_shapes array · 1 item
[0]
edge_list
evidence object · 3 fields
score
0.7
band
medium
quote
protein-protein interaction
[1] object · 10 fields
id
method-2
family
network_analysis
specific
pathway_enrichment
label
Network / pathway analysis
dsl_operations array · 1 item
[0]
pathway_enrich
missing_operations array · 0 items
parameters object · 0 fields
data_shapes array · 1 item
[0]
edge_list
evidence object · 3 fields
score
0.7
band
medium
quote
Pathway enrichment
targets array · 0 items
gaps array · 0 items
capability object · 3 fields
state
complete
requirements array · 1 item
[0] object · 6 fields
capability_id
capability:computational_analysis
label
Computational analysis platform
assay_families array · 9 items
[0]
meta_analysis
[1]
machine_learning
[2]
survival_analysis
[3]
statistical_regression
[4]
pca
[5]
molecular_docking
[6]
network_analysis
[7]
differential_expression
[8]
gwas
candidate
Automated Assays Laravel application and simulated adapters
gaps array · 0 items
readiness object · 8 fields
state
complete
tier
R1
blocked_on
nothing:replicable_now
axes object · 3 fields
method object · 5 fields
tier
R1
expressible
true
required_operations array · 3 items
[0]
build_graph
[1]
centrality_scores
[2]
pathway_enrich
missing_operations array · 0 items
basis
The paper names the method it used and the corpus's method extractor maps it onto the DSL catalogue: ppi_network.
capability object · 4 fields
tier
R1
capability_id
capability:computational_analysis
availability_state
owned
basis
The computational analysis is owned. The physical bench the paper used is not, so a physical validation cannot be run here.
data object · 6 fields
tier
R1
reachable
true
accessions array · 2 items
[0]
GSE29079
[1]
GSE76938
resolved_accessions array · 2 items
[0]
GSE29079
[1]
GSE76938
statements array · 1 item
[0]
The authors declare that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article.
basis
The paper names GSE29079, GSE76938 in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the accession resolves in the repository. No dataset was downloaded and no licence was read.
can_run object · 3 fields
dsl_operations array · 3 items
[0]
build_graph
[1]
centrality_scores
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pathway_enrich
assets array · 7 items
[0]
source:pmid:30872976
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data:geo:GSE29079
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asset:table:pmid:30872976:1
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asset:table:pmid:30872976:2
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asset:table:pmid:30872976:3
[5]
asset:table:pmid:30872976:4
[6]
asset:table:pmid:30872976:5
steps array · 1 item
[0]
run_analysis
must_build object · 5 fields
dsl_operations array · 0 items
converters array · 0 items
readers array · 0 items
capabilities array · 0 items
data_gaps array · 1 item
[0]
data:geo:GSE29079
gaps array · 0 items
review object · 5 fields
state
partial
machine_critique object · 5 fields
kind
extraction_review
reader object · 5 fields
model
MiniMax-M3.1-Flash
provider
minimax
provider_family
minimax
read_at
2026-10-31T18:14:13Z
independence
single_reader
evidence_check object · 2 fields
method
null
availability
verbatim
calls
3
usage object · 3 fields
prompt_tokens
33537
completion_tokens
1516
cached_tokens
784
stages array · 1 item
[0] object · 4 fields
id
extraction
state
complete
reader
MiniMax-M3.1-Flash
provider
minimax
gaps array · 3 items
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review.independent_reader
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review.machine_critique
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review.human_critique
execution object · 5 fields
state
absent
status
not_run
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null
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[0]
execution.not_run
provenance object · 7 fields
entities array · 3 items
[0] object · 3 fields
id
pmid:30872976
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paper
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pmid:30872976
[1] object · 3 fields
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source:pmid:30872976
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PMID 30872976 full text
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data:geo:GSE29079
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GEO GSE29079
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pmid:30872976
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paper
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pmid:30872976
[1] object · 3 fields
id
source:pmid:30872976
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PMID 30872976 full text
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data:geo:GSE29079
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GEO GSE29079
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agent:corpus-assay-engine
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extraction
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[0]
source:pmid:30872976
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agent:minimax-reader
[2] object · 4 fields
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data:geo:GSE29079
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agent:corpus-assay-engine
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agent:corpus-assay-engine
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agent:minimax-reader
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MiniMax literature reader
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343fb30756ba6ec3
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2cb3e42f047d2ecf
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ba34b49490d9bfaf
lineage object · 4 fields
parent_id
pmid:30872976
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sha256:82be5bc50294ca1926362d5d043aa374991d01fead9e9bb98f75dbd58d72d25a
fork_of
null
gaps array · 8 items
[0]
asset:data:geo:GSE29079 licence not read
[1]
asset:data:geo:GSE29079 not downloaded
[2]
asset:data:geo:GSE76938 licence not read
[3]
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[4]
execution.not_run
[5]
review.human_critique
[6]
review.independent_reader
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review.machine_critique
assays array · 2 items
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data_generation
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99e1195c7d6f
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partial
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assay_lexicon
99e1195c7d6f
confidence
0.99
evidence array · 2 items
[0]
localization in PCa cells was observed using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Overall, 536 hypomethylated upregu
[1]
ng. The hub tumour suppressor gene was FLNA. Immunohistochemistry showed that AKT1, FASN, and FLNA were mainly
order_basis
paper_text_order:1089
id
assay:1
[1] object · 11 fields
role
analysis
definition_id
network_analysis
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f2132e96ae6c7a4e
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[2]
pathway_enrich
support_state
supported
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f2132e96ae6c7a4e
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Complete file
{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:30872976", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 5, "content_hash": "sha256:203b97dc90df35e2d07088c6de1e54724ba06ce7c4b8c3ffb8ef137cf3227cff", "created_at": "2026-11-01T15:40:43Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:00:26Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Identification of aberrantly methylated differentially expressed genes in prostate carcinoma using integrated bioinformatics.", "doi": "10.1186/s12935-019-0763-8", "pmid": "30872976", "authors": ["Kai Wu", "Xiaotao Yin", "Yipeng Jin", "Fangfang Liu", "Jiangping Gao"], "journal": "Cancer cell international", "year": 2019, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Methylation plays a key role in the aetiology and pathogenesis of prostate cancer (PCa). This study aimed to identify aberrantly methylated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and pathways in PCa and explore the underlying mechanisms of tumourigenesis.\nMETHODS: Expression profile (GSE29079) and methylation profile (GSE76938) datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). We used R 3.4.4 software to assess aberrantly methylated DEGs. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) RNA sequencing and Illumina HumanMethylation450 DNA methylation data were utilized to validate screened genes. Functional enrichment analysis of the screened genes was performed, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Gens (STRING). The results were visualized in Cytoscape. After confirmation using TCGA, cBioPortal was used to examine alterations in genes of interest. Then, protein localization in PCa cells was observed using immunohistochemistry.\nRESULTS: Overall, 536 hypomethylated upregulated genes were identified that were enriched in biological processes such as negative regulation of transcription, osteoblast differentiation, intracellular signal transduction, and the Wnt signalling pathway. Pathway enrichment showed significant changes in factors involved in AMPK signalling, cancer, and adherens junction pathways. The hub oncogenes were AKT1, PRDM10, and FASN. Additionally, 322 hypermethylated downregulated genes were identified that demonstrated enrichment in biological processes including positive regulation of the MAPK cascade, muscle contraction, ageing, and signal transduction. Pathway analysis indicated enrichment in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), focal adhesion, dilated cardiomyopathy, and PI3K-AKT signalling. The hub tumour suppressor gene was FLNA. Immunohistochemistry showed that AKT1, FASN, and FLNA were mainly expressed in PCa cell cytoplasm, while PRDM10 was mainly expressed in nuclei.\nCONCLUSIONS: Our results identify numerous novel genetic and epigenetic regulatory networks and offer molecular evidence crucial to understanding the pathogenesis of PCa. Aberrantly methylated hub genes, including AKT1, PRDM10, FASN, and FLNA, can be used as biomarkers for accurate PCa diagnosis and treatment. In conclusion, our study suggests that AKT1, PRDM10, and FASN may be tumour promoters and that FLNA may be a tumour suppressor in PCa. We hope these findings will draw more attention to these hub genes in future cancer studies.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The authors declare that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:30872976", "locator": "sections[20] \"ack\" paragraph 1", "quote": "The authors declare that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": null, "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:30872976"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE29079"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE29079"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": []}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:30872976", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-019-0763-8", "sha256": "sha256:f0cf8a002229b8e9cbdcebf03967188f7fe1ece07cb119caaae235020dfc8ff1", "bytes": 41206, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "10.1186/s12935-019-0763-8", "version": null, "note": "Full article fetched from PMC; the checksum covers the rendered section body, not the original XML bytes.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC6402097", "source": "europe_pmc_fulltext", "coverage": "whole_body_without_references", "text_hash_scope": "rendered_section_body"}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE29079", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE29079", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE29079", "version": null, "note": "The authors declare that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article.", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "The authors declare that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article.", "access_statement_kind": "data_availability_statement", "sample_accessions": ["GSM720503", "GSM720504", "GSM720505", "GSM720506", "GSM720507", "GSM720508", "GSM720509", "GSM720510", "GSM720511", "GSM720512", "GSM720513", "GSM720514", "GSM720515", "GSM720516", "GSM720517", "GSM720518", "GSM720519", "GSM720520", "GSM720521", "GSM720522", "GSM720523", "GSM720524", "GSM720525", "GSM720526", "GSM720527", "GSM720528", "GSM720529", "GSM720530", "GSM720531", "GSM720532", "GSM720533", "GSM720534", "GSM720535", "GSM720536", "GSM720537", "GSM720538", "GSM720539", "GSM720540", "GSM720541", "GSM720542", "GSM720543", "GSM720544", "GSM720545", "GSM720546", "GSM720547", "GSM720548", "GSM720549", "GSM720550", "GSM720551", "GSM720552", "GSM720553", "GSM720554", "GSM720555", "GSM720556", "GSM720557", "GSM720558", "GSM720559", "GSM720560", "GSM720561", "GSM720562", "GSM720563", "GSM720564", "GSM720565", "GSM720566", "GSM720567", "GSM720568", "GSM720569", "GSM720570", "GSM720571", "GSM720572", "GSM720573", "GSM720574", "GSM720575", "GSM720576", "GSM720577", "GSM720578", "GSM720579", "GSM720580", "GSM720581", "GSM720582", "GSM720583", "GSM720584", "GSM720585", "GSM720586", "GSM720587", "GSM720588", "GSM720589", "GSM720590", "GSM720591", "GSM720592", "GSM720593", "GSM720594", "GSM720595", "GSM720596", "GSM720597"], "sample_count": 95, "group_sizes": null, "group_sizes_basis": null, "platform": "5175", "taxon": "Homo sapiens", "title": "Gene expression profiles of 48 normal and 47 prostate tumor tissue samples", "resolution_checked_at": "2026-11-01T15:39:54Z", "resolution_check": "identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE76938", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE76938", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE76938", "version": null, "note": "The authors declare that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article.", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "The authors declare that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article.", "access_statement_kind": "data_availability_statement", "sample_accessions": ["GSM2041110", "GSM2041111", "GSM2041112", "GSM2041113", "GSM2041114", "GSM2041115", "GSM2041116", "GSM2041117", "GSM2041118", "GSM2041119", "GSM2041120", "GSM2041121", "GSM2041122", "GSM2041123", "GSM2041124", "GSM2041125", "GSM2041126", "GSM2041127", "GSM2041128", "GSM2041129", "GSM2041130", "GSM2041131", "GSM2041132", "GSM2041133", "GSM2041134", "GSM2041135", "GSM2041136", "GSM2041137", "GSM2041138", "GSM2041139", "GSM2041140", "GSM2041141", "GSM2041142", "GSM2041143", "GSM2041144", "GSM2041145", "GSM2041146", "GSM2041147", "GSM2041148", "GSM2041149", "GSM2041150", "GSM2041151", "GSM2041152", "GSM2041153", "GSM2041154", "GSM2041155", "GSM2041156", "GSM2041157", "GSM2041158", "GSM2041159", "GSM2041160", "GSM2041161", "GSM2041162", "GSM2041163", "GSM2041164", "GSM2041165", "GSM2041166", "GSM2041167", "GSM2041168", "GSM2041169", "GSM2041170", "GSM2041171", "GSM2041172", "GSM2041173", "GSM2041174", "GSM2041175", "GSM2041176", "GSM2041177", "GSM2041178", "GSM2041179", "GSM2041180", "GSM2041181", "GSM2041182", "GSM2041183", "GSM2041184", "GSM2041185", "GSM2041186", "GSM2041187", "GSM2041188", "GSM2041189", "GSM2041190", "GSM2041191", "GSM2041192", "GSM2041193", "GSM2041194", "GSM2041195", "GSM2041196", "GSM2041197", "GSM2041198", "GSM2041199", "GSM2041200", "GSM2041201", "GSM2041202", "GSM2041203", "GSM2041204", "GSM2041205", "GSM2041206", "GSM2041207", "GSM2041208", "GSM2041209", "GSM2041210", "GSM2041211", "GSM2041212", "GSM2041213", "GSM2041214", "GSM2041215", "GSM2041216", "GSM2041217", "GSM2041218", "GSM2041219", "GSM2041220", "GSM2041221", "GSM2041222", "GSM2041223", "GSM2041224", "GSM2041225", "GSM2041226", "GSM2041227", "GSM2041228", "GSM2041229", "GSM2041230", "GSM2041231", "GSM2041232", "GSM2041233", "GSM2041234", "GSM2041235", "GSM2041236", "GSM2041237", "GSM2041238", "GSM2041239", "GSM2041240", "GSM2041241", "GSM2041242", "GSM2041243", "GSM2041244", "GSM2041245"], "sample_count": 136, "group_sizes": null, "group_sizes_basis": null, "platform": "13534", "taxon": "Homo sapiens", "title": "Illumina M450 profiling of human prostate cancer tissue and benign prostate tissue", "resolution_checked_at": "2026-11-01T15:39:55Z", "resolution_check": "identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}, {"id": "asset:table:pmid:30872976:1", "role": "table", "format": "jats-table", "media_type": "application/vnd.jats.table+json", "uri": null, "sha256": "sha256:e290412c0fd98d2ffee0da2baf8641ef44fa9eb57d453f5086150f0130162af9", "bytes": 2755, "access": "open", "state": "verified", "reader": "read_table", "reader_status": "available", "identifier": "section[11]/table-wrap[1]#Tab1", "version": null, "note": "Gene Ontology analysis of aberrantly methylated differentially expressed genes in prostate cancer", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC6402097", "section_index": 11, "section_title": "GO functional enrichment analysis", "row_count": 33, "column_count": 4}, "table": {"label": "Table 1", "caption": "Gene Ontology analysis of aberrantly methylated differentially expressed genes in prostate cancer", "rows": [["Category", "Term", "Count", "P value"], ["Hypomethylated with high expression"], ["GOTERM_BP_DIRECT", "GO:0000122 —negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter", "41", "5.49E−05"], ["GOTERM_BP_DIRECT", "GO:0001649 —osteoblast differentiation", "12", "1.99E−04"], ["GOTERM_BP_DIRECT", "GO:0035556 —intracellular signal transduction", "25", "6.61E−04"], ["GOTERM_BP_DIRECT", "GO:0007223 —Wnt signalling pathway, calcium-modulating pathway", "7", "8.00E−04"], ["GOTERM_BP_DIRECT", "GO:0030036 —actin cytoskeleton organization", "12", "0.0013"], ["GOTERM_CC_DIRECT", "GO:0005654 —nucleoplasm", "111", "8.73E−05"], ["GOTERM_CC_DIRECT", "GO:0005829 —cytosol", "126", "1.97E−04"], ["GOTERM_CC_DIRECT", "GO:0016604 —nuclear body", "6", "0.0021"], ["GOTERM_CC_DIRECT", "GO:0005737 —cytoplasm", "176", "0.0030"], ["GOTERM_CC_DIRECT", "GO:0032580 —Golgi cisterna membrane", "8", "0.0054"], ["GOTERM_MF_DIRECT", "GO:0005515 —protein binding", "297", "2.57E−04"], ["GOTERM_MF_DIRECT", "GO:0044212 —transcription regulatory region DNA-binding activity", "16", "0.0016"], ["GOTERM_MF_DIRECT", "GO:0016874 —ligase activity", "18", "0.0027"], ["GOTERM_MF_DIRECT", "GO:0005096 —GTPase activator activity", "18", "0.0037"], ["GOTERM_MF_DIRECT", "GO:0003713 —transcription coactivator activity", "16", "0.0066"], ["Hypermethylated with low expression"], ["GOTERM_BP_DIRECT", "GO:0043410 —positive regulation of MAPK cascade", "8", "8.37E−05"], ["GOTERM_BP_DIRECT", "GO:0006936 —muscle contraction", "9", "1.41E−04"], ["GOTERM_BP_DIRECT", "GO:0007568 —ageing", "11", "2.19E−04"], ["GOTERM_BP_DIRECT", "GO:0007165 —signal transduction", "37", "2.44E−04"], ["GOTERM_BP_DIRECT", "GO:0014068 —positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signalling", "7", "3.77E−04"], ["GOTERM_CC_DIRECT", "GO:0005925 —focal adhesion", "24", "1.01E−03"], ["GOTERM_CC_DIRECT", "GO:0009986 —cell surface", "25", "1.34E−03"], ["GOTERM_CC_DIRECT", "GO:0070062 —extracellular exosome", "74", "2.77E−03"], ["GOTERM_CC_DIRECT", "GO:0042383 —sarcolemma", "9", "3.60E−03"], ["GOTERM_CC_DIRECT", "GO:0005615 —extracellular space", "41", "1.24E−02"], ["GOTERM_MF_DIRECT", "GO:0003779 —actin binding", "16", "1.37E−04"], ["GOTERM_MF_DIRECT", "GO:0005515 —protein binding", "184", "7.99E−04"], ["GOTERM_MF_DIRECT", "GO:0030165 —PDZ domain binding", "8", "8.30E−04"], ["GOTERM_MF_DIRECT", "GO:0005539 —glycosaminoglycan binding", "4", "0.0037"], ["GOTERM_MF_DIRECT", "GO:0004714 —transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity", "5", "0.0044"]], "row_count": 33, "column_count": 4, "numeric_cells": 90, "header_rows": 1, "locator": "section[11]/table-wrap[1]#Tab1"}}, {"id": "asset:table:pmid:30872976:2", "role": "table", "format": "jats-table", "media_type": "application/vnd.jats.table+json", "uri": null, "sha256": "sha256:607a46af41f2ff9ed6057c01dd37618df4c43102a932168745f6a472830c13be", "bytes": 1600, "access": "open", "state": "verified", "reader": "read_table", "reader_status": "available", "identifier": "section[12]/table-wrap[1]#Tab2", "version": null, "note": "Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis of aberrantly methylated differentially expressed genes in prostate cancer", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC6402097", "section_index": 12, "section_title": "KEGG pathway analysis", "row_count": 11, "column_count": 5}, "table": {"label": "Table 2", "caption": "Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis of aberrantly methylated differentially expressed genes in prostate cancer", "rows": [["Category", "Term", "Count", "P value", "Gene"], ["Hypomethylated with high expression"], ["KEGG_PATHWAY", "hsa04152: AMPK signalling pathway", "12", "0.0025", "AKT1, IGF1R, PDPK1, IRS2, CCND1, TSC2, ACACA, FASN, FBP1, EEF2, PPP2R2D, RPTOR"], ["KEGG_PATHWAY", "hsa05200: pathways in cancer", "24", "0.0062", "HSP90AB1, DVL3, CTBP1, ADCY1, COL4A1, ADCY7, RXRA, CREBBP, GNA12, LEF1, FZD4, TCF7L2, TPM3, DAPK1, AKT1, JUP, IGF1R, WNT7B, CBLB, CCND1, GNB2, GNB1, CASP8, GNG7"], ["KEGG_PATHWAY", "hsa04520: adherens junction", "8", "0.0094", "ACTG1, IGF1R, TJP1, WASF3, BAIAP2, CREBBP, LEF1, TCF7L2"], ["Hypermethylated with low expression"], ["KEGG_PATHWAY", "hsa05412: arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC)", "8", "3.99E−04", "DES, SGCG, DMD, ITGA7, ITGA1, CACNB2, GJA1, CTNNB1"], ["KEGG_PATHWAY", "hsa04510: focal adhesion", "12", "0.0020", "CAV2, ITGA7, ITGA1, PDGFC, PTEN, FLNA, PIK3R1, MYLK, COL4A6, KDR, CTNNB1, PRKCB"], ["KEGG_PATHWAY", "hsa05410: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)", "7", "0.0038", "DES, SGCG, DMD, ITGA7, ITGA1, CACNB2, TPM1 1"], ["KEGG_PATHWAY", "hsa05414: dilated cardiomyopathy", "7", "0.0054", "DES, SGCG, DMD, ITGA7, ITGA1, CACNB2, TPM1"], ["KEGG_PATHWAY", "hsa04151: PI3K-Akt signalling pathway", "15", "0.0063", "FGFR2, ITGA1, KITLG, KIT, LPAR1, PTEN, COL4A6, KDR, EIF4B, CDKN1B, ITGA7, ANGPT1, PDGFC, FGF2, PIK3R1"]], "row_count": 11, "column_count": 5, "numeric_cells": 26, "header_rows": 1, "locator": "section[12]/table-wrap[1]#Tab2"}}, {"id": "asset:table:pmid:30872976:3", "role": "table", "format": "jats-table", "media_type": "application/vnd.jats.table+json", "uri": null, "sha256": "sha256:08fd770e9675fb7c153aaf539f2917a76225ed4e2572e276b973789023d60c2c", "bytes": 2569, "access": "open", "state": "verified", "reader": "read_table", "reader_status": "available", "identifier": "section[13]/table-wrap[1]#Tab3", "version": null, "note": "Hub genes among the aberrantly methylated differentially expressed genes ranked in cytoHubba", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC6402097", "section_index": 13, "section_title": "PPI network construction and cytoHubba analysis", "row_count": 11, "column_count": 3}, "table": {"label": "Table 3", "caption": "Hub genes among the aberrantly methylated differentially expressed genes ranked in cytoHubba", "rows": [["Category", "Rank method in cytoHubba", "Top 30 genes"], ["Hypomethylated with high expression", "Betweenness", "AKT1, PRDM10, ACACA, GNB1, DICER1, CTBP1, ACTG1, CREBBP, HSP90AB1, DCY7, GNG7, PXN, POLR2D, PPP3CA, EEF2, BGN, GNB2, EHMT2, FASN, CCND1 , OXA1L, SHMT2, CBLB, ATP5B, UBE4A, RPL6, SYNJ2, TCF7L2, EPHB2, FAF2"], ["Bottleneck", "AKT1, PRDM10 , ACACA, DICER1, GNB1, ADCY7, CTBP1, SH3RF1, EHMT2, CREBBP, PPP3CA, ACTG1, FASN , RPL6, JUP, OXA1L, BGN, HSP90AB1, PXN, ECHS1, ATP5B, GPT2, POLR2D, CCND1 , SYNJ2, SHMT2, EIF4A1, USP7, CHEK1, EEF2"], ["Closeness", "AKT1, PRDM10, ACACA, GNB1, CCND1 , CTBP1, GNG7, DICER1, CREBBP, ADCY7, GNB2, PXN, IGF1R, PPP3CA, HSP90AB1, LEF1, EIF4A1, PDPK1, ITPR3, RPTOR, EHMT2, CHEK1, ACTG1, POLR2D, YWHAG, TCF7L2, EEF2, FASN , EPHB2, POLR3A"], ["Radiality", "AKT1, PRDM10 , ACACA, CCND1, CTBP1, DICER1, CREBBP, PPP3CA, IGF1R, GNB1, ADCY7, LEF1, PXN, EIF4A1, GNB2, HSP90AB1, GNG7, RPTOR, ITPR3, YWHAG, PDPK1, CHEK1, EHMT2, ACTG1, CASP8, TJP1, FASN , TSC2, EPHB2, TCF7L2"], ["Stress", "AKT1, PRDM10 , ACACA, GNB1, DICER1, CTBP1, ADCY7, GNG7, HSP90AB1, CREBBP, ACTG1, GNB2, POLR2D, PPP3CA, PXN, CBLB, EEF2, CCND1 , EHMT2, BGN, TCF7L2, UBE4A, ATP5B, IGF1R, SYNJ2, POLR3A, FASN , SHMT2, EIF4A1, CHEK1"], ["Hypermethylated with low expression", "Betweenness", "CTNNB1, DPYD, FGF2, VCAM1, PTEN, KIT, CFTR, RHOB, DCN, KDR, DMD, ANXA2, PRKCB , PRKG2, DES, FLNA , FST, KAT2B, PIK3R1, ITGA1, FOXO1, TPM1, PDE4D, ACSS3, CCK, KITLG, NT5E, CUL1, GATA3, HOPX"], ["Closeness", "CTNNB1, FGF2, PTEN, KIT, VCAM1, KDR, PIK3R1, FOXO1, KITLG, DPYD, PROM1, CDKN1B, RHOB, LEPR, GJA1, PRKCB , KAT2B, ANXA2, DCN, SNAI2, DES, FGFR2, ITGA1, CUL1, FLNA , NT5E, CFTR, CCK, ANGPT1, PRKG2"], ["Degree", "CTNNB1, FGF2, PTEN,KIT, VCAM1, KDR, KITLG, PIK3R1, KAT2B, CUL1, DPYD, RHOB, FOXO1, FLNA , CDKN1B, DES, DCN, PRKCB, ITGA1, DMD, CCK, CFTR, ANXA2, PROM1, UBE3A, TPM1, PRKG2, NT5E, LEPR, FGFR2"], ["Eccentricity", "VCAM1, ANXA2, KIT, FGF2, KDR, PIK3R1, DMD, GJA1, PRKCB, PRKG2, TMOD1, ITGA1, COCH, CCK, AVPR1A, MTUS1, EDNRA, MYOF, FLNA, CFTR, CXCL1, LPAR1, ANXA6, GSN, PDE4D, NT5E, COL4A6, HLA-F, TRIM29, DAB1"], ["Edge percolated component (EPC)", "FGF2, CTNNB1, KIT, PTEN, KDR, VCAM1, KITLG, PIK3R1, PROM1, CDKN1B, FOXO1, CUL1, KAT2B, ITGA1, FGFR2, ANGPT1, GJA1, DES, SNAI2, RHOB, UBE3A, FLNA, PRKCB , CCK, LEPR, CUL2, NT5E, TNS1, DCN, ANXA2"]], "row_count": 11, "column_count": 3, "numeric_cells": 7, "header_rows": 1, "locator": "section[13]/table-wrap[1]#Tab3"}}, {"id": "asset:table:pmid:30872976:4", "role": "table", "format": "jats-table", "media_type": "application/vnd.jats.table+json", "uri": null, "sha256": "sha256:3133802c705078e3ee3e52b68b7c15b966d9517be2f5f7fc2b77a018923eaaab", "bytes": 2926, "access": "open", "state": "verified", "reader": "read_table", "reader_status": "available", "identifier": "section[14]/table-wrap[1]#Tab4", "version": null, "note": "Module analysis of the protein–protein interaction network", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC6402097", "section_index": 14, "section_title": "Module analysis", "row_count": 11, "column_count": 6}, "table": {"label": "Table 4", "caption": "Module analysis of the protein–protein interaction network", "rows": [["Category", "Module", "Score", "Nodes", "Enrichment and pathway description", "Genes"], ["Hypomethylated with high expression", "1", "12.00", "12", "GO:0016874—ligase activityGO:0004842—ubiquitin protein transferase activityGO:0000209—protein polyubiquitinationhsa04120: ubiquitin-mediated proteolysisGO:0071377—cellular response to glucagon stimulus", "TRIM36, HERC3, NEDD4L, UBE4A, CBLB, SH3RF1, ASB13, MYLIP, RNF220, UBA1, UBE2H, RBBP6"], ["2", "10.00", "10", "GO:0007186—G-protein-coupled receptor signalling pathwayGO:0007193—adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G-protein-coupled receptor signalling pathwayhsa04727: GABAergic synapse", "ADCY7, GNB1, GNB2, GNG7, ADCY1, DRD3, HTR1E, SST, RLN3, ADRA2A"], ["3", "8.889", "10", "GO:0005634—nucleusGO:0005515—protein bindingGO:0006260—DNA replicationhsa04110: cell cycle", "CENPF, E2F8, TK1, HJURP, MCM3, ZWINT, MELK, CDKN3, EXO1, CHEK1"], ["4", "7.00", "7", "GO:0030669—clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membraneGO:0060071—Wnt signalling pathway, planar cell polarity pathwayGO:0035615—clathrin adaptor activityhsa04144: endocytosis", "FZD4, REPS2, ADRB2, SYNJ2, AP2M1, AP2A2, AAK1"], ["5", "5.20", "16", "GO:0006383—transcription from RNA polymerase III promoterGO:0003899—DNA-directed RNA polymerase activityGO:0032481—positive regulation of type I interferon productionhsa00230: purine metabolism", "POLR2D, GUCY2F, TCF7L2, POLR1D, EEF2, POLR3H, GUCY1A3, SNAPC4, TCEANC, JUP, WNT7B, CTBP1, DVL3, BRF1, CREBBP, POLR3A"], ["6", "3.444", "19", "GO:0001649—osteoblast differentiationGO:0030206—chondroitin sulfateGO:0005515—protein bindinghsa05222: focal adhesion", "FHIT, COL4A1, DROSHA, NUMA1, DDX21, CMKLR1, COL3A1, DICER1, B3GALT6, OXA1L, MEF2D, FUS, DNMT3B, ARFIP2, VCAN, THBS2, CCND1, XYLT1, AKT1"], ["7", "3.143", "8", "GO:0009058—biosynthetic processGO:0005759—mitochondrial matrixGO:0030170—pyridoxal phosphate bindinghsa01230: biosynthesis of amino acids", "GPT2, FASN, GOT2, RPTOR, ATP5B, TSC2, PRDM10, SHMT2"], ["Hypermethylated with low expression", "1", "6.00", "13", "GO:0016032—viral processGO:0048015—phosphatidylinositol-mediated signallingGO:0061630—ubiquitin protein ligase activityhsa05200: pathways in cancer", "CUL2, PIK3R1, UBE3A, PTEN, PROM1, FBXL3, KITLG, KIT, KLHL2, FBXO17, CUL1, VCAM1, UBE2V2"], ["2", "3.667", "7", "GO:0007202—activation of phospholipase C activityGO:0010595—positive regulation of endothelial cell migrationGO:0008284—positive regulation of cell proliferation", "ANGPT1, FGF2, LPAR1, EDNRA, KDR, AVPR1A, CCK"], ["3", "3.333", "7", "hsa04015: Rap1 signalling pathwayGO:0045944—positive regulation of transcription from RNAPolymerase II promoterGO:0005654—nucleoplasm", "HLA-F, IRF2, PPARGC1A, TRIM29, CDK8, CEBPB, KAT2B"]], "row_count": 11, "column_count": 6, "numeric_cells": 45, "header_rows": 1, "locator": "section[14]/table-wrap[1]#Tab4"}}, {"id": "asset:table:pmid:30872976:5", "role": "table", "format": "jats-table", "media_type": "application/vnd.jats.table+json", "uri": null, "sha256": "sha256:20f04455a16ad8a87199fd7d4d2f9bdc487182bfe08a2641e24830e2c867dbad", "bytes": 710, "access": "open", "state": "verified", "reader": 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The physical bench the paper used is not, so a physical validation cannot be run here."}, "data": {"tier": "R1", "reachable": true, "accessions": ["GSE29079", "GSE76938"], "resolved_accessions": ["GSE29079", "GSE76938"], "statements": ["The authors declare that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article."], "basis": "The paper names GSE29079, GSE76938 in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the accession resolves in the repository. 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