Molecular complexity of the major urinary protein system of the Norway rat, Rattus norvegicus.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:31341188", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 6, "content_hash": "sha256:68c935693edd95d62b9395ce887744398abb7ce39908c52fdfa00a0ac839be60", "created_at": "2026-11-01T15:40:47Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T21:22:22Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Molecular complexity of the major urinary protein system of the Norway rat, Rattus norvegicus.", "doi": "10.1038/s41598-019-46950-x", "pmid": "31341188", "authors": ["Guadalupe Gómez-Baena", "Stuart D Armstrong", "Josiah O Halstead", "Mark Prescott", "Sarah A Roberts", "Lynn McLean", "Jonathan M Mudge", "Jane L Hurst", "Robert J Beynon"], "journal": "Scientific reports", "year": 2019, "abstract": "Major urinary proteins (MUP) are the major component of the urinary protein fraction in house mice (Mus spp.) and rats (Rattus spp.). The structure, polymorphism and functions of these lipocalins have been well described in the western European house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus), clarifying their role in semiochemical communication. The complexity of these roles in the mouse raises the question of similar functions in other rodents, including the Norway rat, Rattus norvegicus. Norway rats express MUPs in urine but information about specific MUP isoform sequences and functions is limited. In this study, we present a detailed molecular characterization of the MUP proteoforms expressed in the urine of two laboratory strains, Wistar Han and Brown Norway, and wild caught animals, using a combination of manual gene annotation, intact protein mass spectrometry and bottom-up mass spectrometry-based proteomic approaches. Cluster analysis shows the existence of only 10 predicted mup genes. Further, detailed sequencing of the urinary MUP isoforms reveals a less complex pattern of primary sequence polymorphism in the rat than the mouse. However, unlike the mouse, rat MUPs exhibit added complexity in the form of post-translational modifications, including the phosphorylation of Ser4 in some isoforms, and exoproteolytic trimming of specific isoforms. Our results raise the possibility that urinary MUPs may have different roles in rat chemical communication than those they play in the house mouse. 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All raw mass spectrometry files will be made immediately available upon request.", "access_statement_kind": "data_availability_statement", "sample_accessions": [], "sample_count": null, "group_sizes": null, "group_sizes_basis": null, "platform": null, "taxon": null, "title": "Molecular complexity of the major urinary protein system of the Norway rat, Rattus norvegicus C4PR_LIV", "resolution_checked_at": "2026-10-31T18:35:55Z", "resolution_check": "identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}, {"id": "asset:table:pmid:31341188:1", "role": "table", "format": "jats-table", "media_type": "application/vnd.jats.table+json", "uri": null, "sha256": "sha256:2de28a4f69cc43073109ce541d9edcd94481f99dc54a0dd78b8bc5530619f14b", "bytes": 2117, "access": "open", "state": "verified", "reader": "read_table", "reader_status": "available", "identifier": "section[6]/table-wrap[1]#Tab1", "version": null, "note": "Current knowledge of rat MUP genes, transcript expression and protein products.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC6656916", "section_index": 6, "section_title": "Characterization of the MUP proteoforms secreted in rat urine", "row_count": 15, "column_count": 7}, "table": {"label": "Table 1", "caption": "Current knowledge of rat MUP genes, transcript expression and protein products.", "rows": [["MUP", "RGD Annotation", "Da (mat, pred)", "UniParc", "Uniprot", "Uniprot names", "Transcript supportive information"], ["1", "v4", "18340", "UPI000017083A", "Q78E14", "Obp3 protein; Rat salivary gland (alpha)2(mu)globulin, type 1", "Liver (BC086942); Salivary gland (X14552)"], ["v4", "18553", "UPI00000E8911", "Q63213", "Alpha-2u globulin; PGCL4", "Submaxillary gland (J00738); Preputial gland (AB039825)"], ["2", "v4/v5/v6", "18642", "UPI00000E7901", "Q9JJI3", "Alpha-2u globulin; PGCL3", "Preputial gland (AB039824)"], ["3", "v4(2 loci in v5/v6)", "18670", "UPI00000E7381", "Q9JJH9", "Alpha-2u globulin; Protein Mup4; PGCL8", "Preputial gland (AB039829)"], ["4", "v4(2 loci in v5/v6)", "18909", "UPI0000506C83", "A0A096MK41", "Uncharacterized protein", ""], ["9", "v4", "19010", "", "", "", "Preputial gland (AB039827, sequence conflict K79 to E79, Uniparc UPI00000E7BD9; Q9JJI1)"], ["10", "v4", "18716", "UPI00000E7542", "Q8K1Q6", "Alpha-2u globulin; PGCL2", "Liver (BC086943); Preputial gland (AB039823; sequence conflict in signal peptide, UniParc UPI00000E8694, Q9JJI4)"], ["12", "v4", "19021", "UPI00000E5BE6", "Q9JJI2", "Alpha-2u globulin; PGCL5", "Preputial gland (AB039826)"], ["13", "v4", "18728", "UPI000000086C", "P02761", "Major urinary protein (MUP_RAT); 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The complexity of these roles in the mouse raises the question of similar functions in", "lex pattern of primary sequence polymorphism in the rat than the mouse. However, unlike the mouse, r", "well described in the western European house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus), clarifying their"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:26", "id": "assay:1"}, {"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "mass_spectrometry", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.99, "evidence": ["on of manual gene annotation, intact protein mass spectrometry and bottom-up mass spectrometry-based proteo", "tact protein mass spectrometry and bottom-up mass spectrometry-based proteomic approaches. Cluster analysis", "ometry and bottom-up mass spectrometry-based proteomic approaches. Cluster analysis shows the exist", "those they play in the house mouse. 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