Proteome Profiling of the Exhaled Breath Condensate after Long-Term Spaceflights.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:31547269", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 6, "content_hash": "sha256:2e8aa0400c3ff791295e99f4cea82e2b38e2133591ea46a012b0ece950443771", "created_at": "2026-11-01T15:40:49Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T21:22:30Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Proteome Profiling of the Exhaled Breath Condensate after Long-Term Spaceflights.", "doi": "10.3390/ijms20184518", "pmid": "31547269", "authors": ["Alexey S Kononikhin", "Alexander G Brzhozovskiy", "Anna M Ryabokon", "Kristina Fedorchenko", "Natalia V Zakharova", "Alexander I Spasskii", "Igor A Popov", "Vyacheslav K Ilyin", "Zoya O Solovyova", "Lyudmila Kh Pastushkova", "Alexey V Polyakov", "Sergey D Varfolomeev", "Irina M Larina", "Evgeny N Nikolaev"], "journal": "International journal of molecular sciences", "year": 2019, "abstract": "Comprehensive studies of the effects of prolonged exposure to space conditions and the overload experienced during landing on physiological and biochemical changes in the human body are extremely important in the context of planning long-distance space flights, which can be associated with constant overloads and various risk factors for significant physiological changes. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) can be considered as a valuable subject for monitoring physiological changes and is more suitable for long-term storage than traditional monitoring subjects such as blood and urine. Herein, the EBC proteome changes due to the effects of spaceflight factors are analyzed. Thirteen EBC samples were collected from five Russian cosmonauts (i) one month before flight (background), (ii) immediately upon landing modules in the field (R0) after 169-199 days spaceflights, and (iii) on the seventh day after landing (R+7). Semi-quantitative label-free EBC proteomic analysis resulted in 164 proteins, the highest number of which was detected in EBC after landing (R0). Pathways enrichment analysis using the GO database reveals a large group of proteins which take part in keratinization processes (CASP14, DSG1, DSP, JUP, and so on). Nine proteins (including KRT2, KRT9, KRT1, KRT10, KRT14, DCD, KRT6C, KRT6A, and KRT5) were detected in all three groups. A two-sample Welch's t-test identified a significant change in KRT2 and KRT9 levels after landing. Enrichment analysis using the KEGG database revealed the significant participation of detected proteins in pathogenic E. coli infection (ACTG1, TUBA1C, TUBA4A, TUBB, TUBB8, and YWHAZ), which may indicate microbiota changes associated with being in space. This assumption is confirmed by microbial composition analysis. In general, the results suggest that EBC can be used for noninvasive monitoring of health status and respiratory tract pathologies during spaceflights, and that the obtained data are important for the development of medicine for use in extreme situations. Data are available from ProteomeXchange using the identifier PXD014191.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "A two-sample Welch’s t-test was applied to identify the significantly changed proteins between the study groups.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:31547269", "locator": "sections[2] \"2. Results and Discussion\" paragraph 10", "quote": "A two-sample Welch’s t-test was applied to identify the significantly changed proteins between the study groups."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "All LC-MS/MS and proteomic data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD014191.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:31547269", "locator": "sections[9] \"Supplementary Materials\" paragraph 2", "quote": "All LC-MS/MS and proteomic data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD014191."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": null, "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:31547269"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:PXD014191"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:PXD014191"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": []}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:31547269", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20184518", "sha256": "sha256:7a344f9a064395d2bdba532225d3b0985d03225976a96af0cb8868208f45b7e0", "bytes": 32855, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "10.3390/ijms20184518", "version": null, "note": "Full article fetched from PMC; the checksum covers the rendered section body, not the original XML bytes.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC6770753", "source": "europe_pmc_fulltext", "coverage": "whole_body", "text_hash_scope": "rendered_section_body"}}, {"id": "data:geo:PXD014191", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=PXD014191", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "PXD014191", "version": null, "note": "All LC-MS/MS and proteomic data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD014191.", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "All LC-MS/MS and proteomic data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD014191.", "access_statement_kind": "data_availability_statement", "sample_accessions": [], "sample_count": null, "group_sizes": null, "group_sizes_basis": null, "platform": null, "taxon": null, "title": "Proteome profiling of the exhaled breath condensate after long-term spaceflights", "resolution_checked_at": "2026-10-31T18:35:55Z", "resolution_check": "identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}, {"id": "asset:table:pmid:31547269:1", "role": "table", "format": "jats-table", "media_type": "application/vnd.jats.table+json", "uri": null, "sha256": "sha256:e023528bbb776697e96538f227a05975ca300626efce3fa321508c6adc0ee5a0", "bytes": 1100, "access": "open", "state": "verified", "reader": "read_table", "reader_status": "available", "identifier": "section[2]/table-wrap[1]#ijms-20-04518-t001", "version": null, "note": "List of proteins belongs to keratins family presented in three study groups: background (month before flight), R0, and R+7 groups.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC6770753", "section_index": 2, "section_title": "2. Results and Discussion", "row_count": 8, "column_count": 7}, "table": {"label": "Table 1", "caption": "List of proteins belongs to keratins family presented in three study groups: background (month before flight), R0, and R+7 groups.", "rows": [["Protein IDs", "Protein Names", "Gene Names", "Background", "1 Day After Landing", "7 Day After Landing", "Peptides"], ["P04264", "Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 1", "KRT1", "17.6 ± 1.5", "18.4 ± 0.3", "17.8 ± 0.6", "34"], ["P13645", "Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 10", "KRT10", "16.2 ± 1.4", "18.2 ± 0.4", "16.1 ± 1.3", "30"], ["P02533", "Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 14", "KRT14", "15.4 ± 0.1", "15.1 ± 1.4", "14.5 ± 0.1", "23"], ["P35908", "Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 2 epidermal", "KRT2", "16 ± 0.2", "17 ± 0.4", "15.4 ± 0.9", "29"], ["P13647", "Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 5", "KRT5", "14.1 ± 0.2", "13.8 ± 1.1", "13.6 ± 0.3", "24"], ["P02538", "Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 6", "KRT6", "14.1 ± 0.1", "14.5 ± 1.5", "13.1 ± 0", "25"], ["P35527", "Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 9", "KRT9", "17 ± 0", "15.6 ± 1.2", "16.5 ± 0.2", "16"]], "row_count": 8, "column_count": 7, "numeric_cells": 46, "header_rows": 1, "locator": "section[2]/table-wrap[1]#ijms-20-04518-t001"}}, {"id": "asset:table:pmid:31547269:2", "role": "table", "format": "jats-table", "media_type": "application/vnd.jats.table+json", "uri": null, "sha256": "sha256:73fe275d9e86f08b65929731fcbb6427d6a95759766119fbd3d35c5cf701c8aa", "bytes": 1610, "access": "open", "state": "verified", "reader": "read_table", "reader_status": "available", "identifier": "section[2]/table-wrap[2]#ijms-20-04518-t002", "version": null, "note": "List of Micro-organisms of selected biotopes (mouth, dental plaque, tongue, and cheek) collected from cosmonauts. Colony-forming units (CFU) are presented.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC6770753", "section_index": 2, "section_title": "2. Results and Discussion", "row_count": 37, "column_count": 3}, "table": {"label": "Table 2", "caption": "List of Micro-organisms of selected biotopes (mouth, dental plaque, tongue, and cheek) collected from cosmonauts. Colony-forming units (CFU) are presented.", "rows": [["Biotopes", "Micro-Organisms", "CFU"], ["45 days before spaceflight"], ["Mouth", "Enterobacterium sp.", "107"], ["Enterococcus sp.", "104"], ["Dental plaque", "Streptococcus sp.", "102"], ["Enterobacterium sp.", "105"], ["Tongue", "Enterobacterium sp", "103"], ["Streptococcus sp.", "102"], ["Enterococcus sp.", "104"], ["Cheek", "Staphylococcus sp.", "104–105"], ["1 day before spaceflight"], ["Dental plaque", "Staphylococcus sp.", "102"], ["Tongue", "Enterococcus sp.", "106"], ["Cheek", "Staphylococcus sp.", "104"], ["During the spaceflight"], ["Mouth", "Staphylococcus sp.", "102"], ["Dental plaque", "Staphylococcus sp.", "103–107"], ["Tongue", "Staphylococcus sp.", "102"], ["E.coli", "107"], ["Cheek", "Staphylococcus sp.", "~101"], ["Immediately after landing (R0)"], ["Mouth", "Enterococcus sp.", "101–106"], ["Staphylococcus sp.", "101"], ["Dental plaque", "Enterococcus sp.", "103–106"], ["Staphylococcus sp.", "103"], ["Tongue", "Staphylococcus sp.", "103"], ["Enterococcus sp.", "103"], ["Cheek", "Staphylococcus sp.", "~103"], ["7 day after landing (R+7)"], ["Mouth", "Enterococcus sp.", "103–105"], ["S. 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