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pmid:31888570
Downregulated SPINK4 is associated with poor survival in colorectal cancer.
Xiaojie Wang · Qian Yu · Waleed M Ghareeb · Yiyi Zhang · Xingrong Lu · Ying Huang · Shenghui Huang · Yanwu Sun · Jiayi Lin · Jin Liu · Pan Chi
BMC cancer · 2019 doi:10.1186/s12885-019-6484-5
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Experiment
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Data
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Analysis
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Execution
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Complete file
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The clinical significance of SPINK4 in colorectal cancer (CRC) is largely unknown.\nMETHODS: We retrieved the expression data of 1168 CRC patients from 3 Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets (GSE24551, GSE39582, GSE32323) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to compare the expression level of SPINK4 between CRC tissues and normal colorectal tissues and to evaluate its value in predicting the survival of CRC patients. At the protein level, these results were further confirmed by data mining in the Human Protein Atlas and by immunohistochemical staining of samples from 81 CRC cases in our own center.\nRESULTS: SPINK4 expression was downregulated in CRC compared with that in normal tissues, and decreased SPINK4 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels was associated with poor prognosis in CRC patients from all 3 GEO datasets, the TCGA database and our cohort. Additionally, lower SPINK4 expression was significantly related to higher TNM stage. Moreover, in multivariate regression, SPINK4 was confirmed as an independent indicator of poor survival in CRC patients in all databases and in our own cohort.\nCONCLUSIONS: We concluded that reduced expression of SPINK4 relates to poor survival in CRC, functioning as a novel indicator.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The dataset supporting the conclusions of this article is included within the article and its Additional file 3: Table S1. All TCGA related data can be obtained from the TCGA Data Portal via https://tcga-data.nci.nih.gov/. All GEO related data can be obtained from the GEO Data Portal via https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:31888570", "locator": "sections[24] \"Availability of data and materials\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The dataset supporting the conclusions of this article is included within the article and its Additional file 3: Table S1. 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"GSM2180427", "GSM2180428", "GSM2180429", "GSM2180430", "GSM2180431", "GSM2180432", "GSM2180433", "GSM2180434", "GSM2180435", "GSM2180436", "GSM2180437", "GSM2180438", "GSM2180439", "GSM2180440", "GSM2180441", "GSM2180442", "GSM2180443", "GSM2180444", "GSM2180445", "GSM2180446", "GSM2180447", "GSM2180448", "GSM2180449", "GSM2180450", "GSM2180451", "GSM2180452", "GSM2180453", "GSM2180454", "GSM2180455", "GSM2180456", "GSM2180457", "GSM2180458", "GSM2180459", "GSM2180460", "GSM2180461", "GSM2180462", "GSM2180463", "GSM2180464", "GSM2180465", "GSM2180466", "GSM2180467", "GSM2180468", "GSM2180469", "GSM2180470", "GSM2180471", "GSM2180472", "GSM2180473", "GSM2180474", "GSM2180475", "GSM2180476", "GSM2180477", "GSM2180478", "GSM2180479", "GSM2180480", "GSM2180481", "GSM2180482", "GSM2180483", "GSM2180484", "GSM2180485", "GSM2180486", "GSM2180487", "GSM2180488", "GSM2180489", "GSM2180490", "GSM2180491", "GSM2180492", "GSM2180493", "GSM2180494", "GSM2180495", "GSM2180496", "GSM2180497", "GSM2180498", "GSM2180499", "GSM2180500", "GSM2180501", "GSM2180502", "GSM2180503", "GSM2180504", "GSM2180505", "GSM2180506", "GSM2180507", "GSM2180508", "GSM2180509", "GSM2180510", "GSM2180511", "GSM2180512", "GSM2180513", "GSM2180514", "GSM2180515", "GSM2180516", "GSM2180517", "GSM2180518", "GSM2180519", "GSM2180520", "GSM2180521", "GSM2180522", "GSM2180523", "GSM2180524", "GSM2180525", "GSM2180526", "GSM2180527", "GSM2180528", "GSM2180529", "GSM2180530", "GSM2180531", "GSM2180532", "GSM2180533", "GSM2180534", "GSM2180535", "GSM2180536", "GSM2180537", "GSM2180538", "GSM2180539", "GSM2180540", "GSM2180541", "GSM2180542", "GSM2180543", "GSM2180544", "GSM2180545", "GSM2180546", "GSM2180547", "GSM2180548", "GSM2180549", "GSM2180550", "GSM2180551", "GSM2180552", "GSM2180553", "GSM2180554", "GSM2180555", "GSM2180556", "GSM2180557", "GSM2180558", "GSM2180559", "GSM2180560", "GSM2180561", "GSM2180562", "GSM2180563", "GSM2180564", "GSM2180565", "GSM2180566", "GSM2180567", "GSM2180568", "GSM2180569", "GSM2180570", "GSM2180571", "GSM2180572", "GSM2180573", "GSM2180574", "GSM2180575", "GSM2180576", "GSM2180577", "GSM2180578", "GSM2180579", "GSM2180580", "GSM2180581", "GSM2180582", "GSM2180583", "GSM2180584", "GSM2180585", "GSM2180586", "GSM2180587", "GSM2180588", "GSM2180589", "GSM2180590", "GSM2180591", "GSM2180592", "GSM2180593", "GSM2180594", "GSM2180595", "GSM2180596", "GSM2180597", "GSM2180598", "GSM2180599", "GSM2180600", "GSM2180601", "GSM2180602", "GSM2180603", "GSM2180604", "GSM2180605", "GSM2180606", "GSM2180607", "GSM2180608", "GSM2180609", "GSM2180610", "GSM2180611", "GSM2180612", "GSM2180613", "GSM2180614", "GSM2180615", "GSM2180616", "GSM2180617", "GSM2180618", "GSM2180619", "GSM2180620", "GSM2180621", "GSM2180622", "GSM2180623", "GSM2180624", "GSM2180625", "GSM2180626", "GSM2180627", "GSM2180628", "GSM2180629", "GSM2180630", "GSM2180631", "GSM2180632", "GSM2180633", "GSM2180634", "GSM2180635", "GSM2180636", "GSM2180637", "GSM2180638", "GSM2180639", "GSM2180640", "GSM2180641", "GSM2180642", "GSM2180643", "GSM2180644", "GSM2180645", "GSM2180646", "GSM2180647", "GSM2180648", "GSM2180649", "GSM2180650", "GSM2180651", "GSM2180652", "GSM2180653", "GSM2180654", "GSM2180655", "GSM2180656", "GSM2180657", "GSM2180658", "GSM2180659", "GSM2180660", "GSM2180661", "GSM2180662", "GSM2180663", "GSM2180664", "GSM2180665", "GSM2180666", "GSM2180667", "GSM2180668", "GSM2180669", "GSM2180670", "GSM2180671", "GSM2180672", "GSM2180673", "GSM2180674", "GSM2180675", "GSM2180676", "GSM2180677", "GSM2180678", "GSM2180679", "GSM2180680", "GSM2180681", "GSM2180682", "GSM2180683", "GSM2180684", "GSM2180685", "GSM2180686", "GSM2180687", "GSM2180688", "GSM2180689", "GSM2180690", "GSM2180691", "GSM2180692", "GSM2180693", "GSM2180694", "GSM2180695", "GSM2180696", "GSM2180697", "GSM2180698", "GSM2180699", "GSM2180700", "GSM2180701", "GSM2180702", "GSM2180703", "GSM2180704", "GSM2180705", "GSM2180706", "GSM2180707", "GSM2180708", "GSM2180709", "GSM2180710", "GSM2180711", "GSM2180712", "GSM2180713", "GSM2180714", "GSM2180715", "GSM2180716", "GSM2180717", "GSM2180718", "GSM2180719", "GSM2180720", "GSM2180721", "GSM2180722", "GSM2180723", "GSM2180724", "GSM2180725", "GSM2180726", "GSM2180727", "GSM2180728", "GSM2180729", "GSM2180730", "GSM2180731", "GSM2180732", "GSM2180733", "GSM2180734", "GSM2180735", "GSM2180736", "GSM2180737", "GSM2180738", "GSM2180739", "GSM2180740", "GSM2180741", "GSM2180742", "GSM2180743", "GSM2180744", "GSM2180745", "GSM2180746", "GSM2180747", "GSM2180748", "GSM2180749", "GSM2180750", "GSM2180751", "GSM2180752", "GSM2180753", "GSM2180754", "GSM2180755", "GSM2180756", "GSM2180757", "GSM2180758", "GSM2180759", "GSM2180760", "GSM2180761", "GSM2180762", "GSM2180763", "GSM2180764", "GSM2180765", "GSM2180766", "GSM2180767", "GSM2180768", "GSM2180769", "GSM2180770", "GSM2180771", "GSM2180772", "GSM2180773", "GSM2180774", "GSM2180775", "GSM2180776", "GSM2180777", "GSM2180778", "GSM2180779", "GSM2180780", "GSM2180781", "GSM2180782", "GSM2180783", "GSM2180784", "GSM2180785", "GSM2180786", "GSM2180787", "GSM2180788", "GSM2180789", "GSM2180790", "GSM2180791", "GSM2180792", "GSM2180793", "GSM2180794", "GSM2180795", "GSM2180796", "GSM2180797", "GSM2180798", "GSM2180799", "GSM2180800", "GSM2180801", "GSM2180802", "GSM2180803", "GSM2180804", "GSM2180805", "GSM2180806", "GSM2180807", "GSM2180808", "GSM2180809", "GSM2180810", "GSM2180811", "GSM2180812", "GSM2180813", "GSM2180814", "GSM2180815", "GSM2180816", "GSM2180817", "GSM2180818", "GSM2180819", "GSM2180820", "GSM2180821", "GSM2180822", "GSM2180823", "GSM2180824", "GSM2180825", "GSM2180826", "GSM2180827", "GSM2180828", "GSM2180829", "GSM2180830", "GSM2180831", "GSM2180832", "GSM2180833", "GSM2180834", "GSM2180835", "GSM2180836", "GSM2180837", "GSM2180838", "GSM2180839", "GSM2180840", "GSM2180841", "GSM2180842", "GSM2180843", "GSM2180844", "GSM2180845", "GSM2180846", "GSM2180847", "GSM2180848", "GSM2180849", "GSM2180850", "GSM2180851", "GSM2180852", "GSM2180853", "GSM2180854", "GSM2180855", "GSM2180856", "GSM2180857", "GSM2180858", "GSM2180859", "GSM2180860", "GSM2180861", "GSM2180862", "GSM2180863", "GSM2180864", "GSM2180865", "GSM2180866", "GSM2180867", "GSM2180868", "GSM2180869", "GSM2180870", "GSM2180871", "GSM2180872", "GSM2180873", "GSM2180874", "GSM2180875", "GSM2180876", "GSM2180877", "GSM2180878", "GSM2180879", "GSM2180880", "GSM2180881", "GSM2180882", "GSM2180883", "GSM2180884", "GSM2180885", "GSM2180886", "GSM2180887", "GSM2180888", "GSM2180889", "GSM2180890", "GSM2180891", "GSM2180892", "GSM2180893", "GSM2180894", "GSM2180895", "GSM2180896", "GSM2180897", "GSM2180898", "GSM2180899", "GSM2180900", "GSM2180901", "GSM2180902", "GSM2180903", "GSM2180904", "GSM2180905", "GSM2180906", "GSM2180907", "GSM2180908", "GSM2180909", "GSM2180910", "GSM2180911", "GSM2180912", "GSM2180913", "GSM2180914", "GSM2180915", "GSM2180916", "GSM2180917", "GSM2180918", "GSM2180919", "GSM2180920", "GSM2180921", "GSM2180922", "GSM2180923", "GSM2180924", "GSM2180925", "GSM2180926", "GSM2180927", "GSM2180928", "GSM2180929", "GSM2180930", "GSM2180931", "GSM2180932", "GSM2180933", "GSM2180934", "GSM2180935", "GSM2180936", "GSM2180937", "GSM2180938", "GSM2180939", "GSM2180940", "GSM2180941", "GSM2180942", "GSM2180943", "GSM2180944", "GSM2180945", "GSM2180946", "GSM2180947", "GSM2180948", "GSM2180949", "GSM2180950", "GSM2180951", "GSM2180952", "GSM2180953", "GSM2180954", "GSM2180955", "GSM2180956", "GSM2180957", "GSM2180958", "GSM2180959", "GSM2180960", "GSM2180961", "GSM2180962", "GSM2180963", "GSM2180964", "GSM2180965", "GSM2180966", "GSM2180967", "GSM2180968", "GSM2180969", "GSM2180970", "GSM2180971", "GSM2180972", "GSM2180973", "GSM2180974", "GSM2180975", "GSM2180976", "GSM2180977", "GSM2180978", "GSM2180979", "GSM2180980", "GSM2180981", "GSM2180982", "GSM2180983", "GSM2180984", "GSM2180985", "GSM2180986", "GSM2180987", "GSM2180988", "GSM2180989", "GSM2180990", "GSM2180991", "GSM2180992", "GSM2180993", "GSM2180994", "GSM2180995", "GSM2180996", "GSM2180997", "GSM2180998", "GSM2180999", "GSM2181000", "GSM2181001", "GSM2181002", "GSM2181003", "GSM2181004", "GSM2181005", "GSM2181006", "GSM2181007", "GSM2181008", "GSM2181009", "GSM2181010", "GSM2181011", "GSM2181012", "GSM2181013", "GSM2181014", "GSM2181015", "GSM2181016", "GSM2181017", "GSM2181018", "GSM2181019", "GSM2181020", "GSM2181021", "GSM2181022", "GSM2181023", "GSM2181024", "GSM2181025", "GSM2181026", "GSM2181027", "GSM2181028", "GSM2181029", "GSM2181030", "GSM2181031", "GSM2181032", "GSM2181033", "GSM2181034", "GSM2181035", "GSM2181036", "GSM2181037", "GSM2181038", "GSM2181039", "GSM2181040", "GSM2181041", "GSM2181042", "GSM2181043", "GSM2181044", "GSM2181045", "GSM2181046", "GSM2181047", "GSM2181048", "GSM2181049", "GSM2181050", "GSM2181051", "GSM2181052", "GSM2181053", "GSM2181054", "GSM2181055", "GSM2181056", "GSM2181057", "GSM2181058", "GSM2181059", "GSM2181060", "GSM2181061", "GSM2181062", "GSM2181063", "GSM2181064", "GSM2181065", "GSM2181066", "GSM2181067", "GSM2181068", "GSM2181069", "GSM2181070", "GSM2181071", "GSM2181072", "GSM2181073", "GSM2181074", "GSM2181075", "GSM2181076", "GSM2181077", "GSM2181078", "GSM2181079", "GSM2181080", "GSM2181081", "GSM2181082", "GSM2181083", "GSM2181084", "GSM2181085", "GSM2181086", "GSM2181087", "GSM2181088", "GSM2181089", "GSM2181090", "GSM2181091", "GSM2181092", "GSM2181093", "GSM2181094", "GSM2181095", "GSM2181096", "GSM2181097", "GSM2181098", "GSM2181099", "GSM2181100", "GSM2181101", "GSM2181102", "GSM2181103", "GSM2181104", "GSM2181105", "GSM2181106", "GSM2181107", "GSM2181108", "GSM2181109", "GSM2181110", "GSM2181111", "GSM2181112", "GSM2181113", "GSM2181114", "GSM2181115", "GSM2181116", "GSM2181117", "GSM2181118", "GSM2181119", "GSM2181120", "GSM2181121", "GSM2181122", "GSM2181123", "GSM2181124", "GSM2181125", "GSM2181126", "GSM2181127", "GSM2181128", "GSM2181129", "GSM2181130", "GSM2181131", "GSM2181132", "GSM2181133", "GSM2181134", "GSM2181135", "GSM2181136", "GSM2181137", "GSM2181138", "GSM2181139", "GSM2181140", "GSM2181141", "GSM2181142", "GSM2181143", "GSM2181144", "GSM2181145", "GSM2181146", "GSM2181147", "GSM2181148", "GSM2181149", "GSM2181150", "GSM2181151", "GSM2181152", "GSM2181153", "GSM2181154", "GSM2181155", "GSM2181156", "GSM2181157", "GSM2181158", "GSM2181159", "GSM2181160", "GSM2181161", "GSM2181162", "GSM2181163", "GSM2181164", "GSM2181165", "GSM2181166", "GSM2181167", "GSM2181168", "GSM2181169", "GSM2181170", "GSM2181171", "GSM2181172", "GSM2181173", "GSM2181174", "GSM2181175", "GSM2181176", "GSM2181177", "GSM2181178", "GSM2181179", "GSM2181180", "GSM2181181", "GSM2181182", "GSM2181183", "GSM2181184", "GSM2181185", "GSM2181186", "GSM2181187", "GSM2181188", "GSM2181189", "GSM2181190", "GSM2181191", "GSM2181192", "GSM2181193", "GSM2181194", "GSM2181195", "GSM2181196", "GSM2181197", "GSM2181198", "GSM2181199", "GSM2181200", "GSM2181201", "GSM2181202", "GSM2181203", "GSM2181204", "GSM2181205", "GSM2181206", "GSM2181207", "GSM2181208", "GSM2181209", "GSM2181210", "GSM2181211", "GSM2181212", "GSM2181213", "GSM2181214", "GSM2181215", "GSM2181216", "GSM2181217", "GSM2181218", "GSM2181219", "GSM2181220", "GSM2181221", "GSM2181222", "GSM2181223", "GSM2181224", "GSM2181225", "GSM2181226", "GSM2181227", "GSM2181228", "GSM2181229", "GSM2181230", "GSM2181231", "GSM2181232", "GSM2181233", "GSM2181234", "GSM2181235", "GSM2181236", "GSM2181237", "GSM2181238", "GSM2181239", "GSM2181240", "GSM2181241", "GSM2181242", "GSM2181243", "GSM2181244", "GSM2181245", "GSM2181246", "GSM2181247", "GSM2181248", "GSM2181249", "GSM2181250", "GSM2181251", "GSM2181252", "GSM2181253", "GSM2181254", "GSM2181255", "GSM2181256", "GSM2181257", "GSM2181258", "GSM2181259", "GSM2181260", "GSM2181261", "GSM2181262", "GSM2181263", "GSM2181264", "GSM2181265", "GSM2181266", "GSM2181267", "GSM2181268", "GSM2181269", "GSM2181270", "GSM2181271", "GSM2181272", "GSM2181273", "GSM2181274", "GSM2181275", "GSM2181276", "GSM2181277", "GSM2181278", "GSM2181279", "GSM2181280", "GSM2181281", "GSM2181282", "GSM2181283", "GSM2181284", "GSM2181285", "GSM2181286", "GSM2181287", "GSM2181288", "GSM2181289", "GSM2181290", "GSM2181291", "GSM2181292", "GSM2181293", "GSM2181294", "GSM2181295", "GSM2181296", "GSM2181297", "GSM2181298", "GSM2181299", "GSM2181300", "GSM2181301", "GSM2181302", "GSM2181303", "GSM2181304", "GSM2181305", "GSM2181306", "GSM2181307", "GSM2181308", "GSM2181309", "GSM2181310", "GSM2181311", "GSM2181312", "GSM2181313", "GSM2181314", "GSM2181315", "GSM2181316", "GSM2181317", "GSM2181318", "GSM2181319", "GSM2181320", "GSM2181321", "GSM2181322", "GSM2181323", "GSM2181324", "GSM2181325", "GSM2181326", "GSM2181327", "GSM2181328", "GSM2181329", "GSM2181330", "GSM2181331", "GSM2181332", "GSM2181333", "GSM2181334", "GSM2181335", "GSM2181336", "GSM2181337", "GSM2181338", "GSM2181339", "GSM2181340", "GSM2181341", "GSM2181342", "GSM2181343", "GSM2181344", "GSM2181345", "GSM2181346", "GSM2181347", "GSM2181348", "GSM2181349", "GSM2181350", "GSM2181351", "GSM2181352", "GSM2181353", "GSM2181354", "GSM2181355", "GSM2181356", "GSM2181357", "GSM2181358", "GSM2181359", "GSM2181360", "GSM2181361", "GSM2181362", "GSM2181363", "GSM2181364", "GSM2181365", "GSM2181366", "GSM2181367", "GSM2181368", "GSM2181369", "GSM2181370", "GSM2181371", "GSM2181372", "GSM2181373", "GSM2181374", "GSM2181375"], "sample_count": 1220, "group_sizes": null, "group_sizes_basis": null, "platform": "11154", "taxon": "Homo sapiens", "title": "Reference component analysis of single-cell transcriptomes elucidates cellular heterogeneity in human colorectal tumors", "resolution_checked_at": "2026-11-01T15:39:55Z", "resolution_check": "identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}, {"id": "asset:table:pmid:31888570:1", "role": "table", "format": "jats-table", "media_type": "application/vnd.jats.table+json", "uri": null, "sha256": "sha256:342db1649defb20e9472f01ee3808012eeb36f6f6c59d8ca9973ab3cec0f225e", "bytes": 1411, "access": "open", "state": "verified", "reader": "read_table", "reader_status": "available", "identifier": "section[13]/table-wrap[1]#Tab1", "version": null, "note": "Correlations between SPINK4 expression and the clinicopathological features of patients with CRC in our own study cohort", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC6938003", "section_index": 13, "section_title": "Correlations between SPINK4 expression and clinicopathological characteristics", "row_count": 24, "column_count": 6}, "table": {"label": "Table 1", "caption": "Correlations between SPINK4 expression and the clinicopathological features of patients with CRC in our own study cohort", "rows": [["", "Low expression", "High expression", "P value"], ["Gender", "0.405"], ["Male", "28", "(50.0)", "15", "(60.0)", ""], ["Female", "28", "(50.0)", "10", "(40.0)", ""], ["Age (years)", "63.3 ± 12.4", "", "64.1 ± 12.1", "", "0.809"], ["BMI (kg/m2)", 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