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pmid:31920755

Altered Expression of a Unique Set of Genes Reveals Complex Etiology of Schizophrenia.

Ashutosh Kumar · Vikas Pareek · Himanshu N Singh · Muneeb A Faiq · Ravi K Narayan · Khursheed Raza · Pavan Kumar

Frontiers in psychiatry · 2019 doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00906

Paper

complete

Experiment

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Data

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Analysis

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paper object · 10 fields
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title
Altered Expression of a Unique Set of Genes Reveals Complex Etiology of Schizophrenia.
doi
10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00906
pmid
31920755
authors array · 7 items
[0]
Ashutosh Kumar
[1]
Vikas Pareek
[2]
Himanshu N Singh
[3]
Muneeb A Faiq
[4]
Ravi K Narayan
[5]
Khursheed Raza
[6]
Pavan Kumar
journal
Frontiers in psychiatry
year
2019
abstract
Background: The etiology of schizophrenia is extensively debated, and multiple factors have been contended to be involved. A panoramic view of the contributing factors in a genome-wide study can be an effective strategy to provide a comprehensive understanding of its causality. Materials and Methods: GSE53987 dataset downloaded from GEO-database, which comprised mRNA expression data of post-mortem brain tissue across three regions from control (C) and age-matched subjects (T) of schizophrenia (N = Hippocampus [HIP]: C-15, T-18, Prefrontal cortex [PFC]: C-15, T-19, Associative striatum [STR]: C-18, T-18). Bio-conductor-affy-package used to compute mRNA expression, and further t-test applied to investigate differential gene expression. The analysis of the derived genes performed using the PANTHER Classification System and NCBI database. Further, a protein interactome analysis of the derived gene set was performed using STRING v10 database (https://string-db.org/) Results: A set of 40 genes showed significantly altered (p < 0.01) expression across all three brain regions. The analyses unraveled genes implicated in biological processes and events, and molecular pathways relating basic neuronal functions. Conclusions: The aberrant expression of genes maintaining basic cell machinery explains compromised neuronal processing in SCZ.
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After calculation of mRNA expression intensity, a simple unpaired two tailed t-test (significance set at p ≤ 0.01) was applied to the data to filter out the set of genes expressed significantly in all three brain regions.
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sections[4] "Data Retrieval and Analysis" paragraph 2
quote
After calculation of mRNA expression intensity, a simple unpaired two tailed t-test (significance set at p ≤ 0.01) was applied to the data to filter out the set of genes expressed significantly in all three brain regions.
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The dataset used for this study can be found in the NCBI Genome Expression Omnibus, GEO accession: GSE53987 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE53987).
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sections[14] "Data Availability Statement" paragraph 2
quote
The dataset used for this study can be found in the NCBI Genome Expression Omnibus, GEO accession: GSE53987 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE53987).
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Microarray profiling of PFC, HPC and STR from subjects with schizophrenia, bipolar, MDD or control
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Genome wide m-RNA expression (statistical significance set at p ≤ 0.01) in three brain regions of schizophrenic patients and healthy controls (data represented as mean).
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Results
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Table 1
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Genome wide m-RNA expression (statistical significance set at p ≤ 0.01) in three brain regions of schizophrenic patients and healthy controls (data represented as mean).
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10.18
[6]
10.18
[7]
1.03
[8]
0.002
[9]
9.52
[10]
10
[11]
1.05
[12]
0.009
[22] array · 13 items
[0]
PDCD6
[1]
10.11
[2]
9.65
[3]
0.95
[4]
<0.001
[5]
10.29
[6]
10.29
[7]
0.98
[8]
0.004
[9]
10.01
[10]
9.73
[11]
0.97
[12]
0.005
[23] array · 13 items
[0]
ERCC1
[1]
9.13
[2]
8.84
[3]
0.97
[4]
<0.001
[5]
9.09
[6]
9.09
[7]
0.98
[8]
0.008
[9]
8.85
[10]
8.65
[11]
0.98
[12]
<0.001
[24] array · 13 items
[0]
MYO5A
[1]
8.7
[2]
8.3
[3]
0.95
[4]
0.003
[5]
9.24
[6]
9.24
[7]
0.96
[8]
0.004
[9]
7.69
[10]
7.35
[11]
0.95
[12]
0.002
[25] array · 13 items
[0]
KCNK1
[1]
10.73
[2]
10.4
[3]
0.97
[4]
0.003
[5]
10.9
[6]
10.9
[7]
0.98
[8]
0.003
[9]
10.08
[10]
9.78
[11]
0.97
[12]
0.008
[26] array · 13 items
[0]
GNAO1
[1]
10.58
[2]
10.23
[3]
0.96
[4]
0.006
[5]
10.61
[6]
10.61
[7]
0.97
[8]
0.001
[9]
10.37
[10]
10.03
[11]
0.97
[12]
0.005
[27] array · 13 items
[0]
HAPLN1
[1]
5.84
[2]
5.14
[3]
0.88
[4]
0.002
[5]
5.88
[6]
5.88
[7]
0.94
[8]
0.002
[9]
4.77
[10]
4.49
[11]
0.94
[12]
0.007
[28] array · 13 items
[0]
PPM1E
[1]
9.12.
[2]
8.26
[3]
0.9
[4]
0.007
[5]
7.62
[6]
7.62
[7]
0.96
[8]
0.008
[9]
6.37
[10]
6.08
[11]
0.95
[12]
0.001
[29] array · 13 items
[0]
KAT5.
[1]
8.46
[2]
8.29
[3]
0.97
[4]
0.001
[5]
8.7
[6]
8.7
[7]
0.99
[8]
0.008
[9]
8.68
[10]
8.56
[11]
0.99
[12]
0.008
[30] array · 13 items
[0]
MAPK9
[1]
8.13
[2]
7.5
[3]
0.92
[4]
<0.001
[5]
8.74
[6]
8.74
[7]
0.96
[8]
0.001
[9]
8.03
[10]
7.63
[11]
0.95
[12]
0.003
[31] array · 13 items
[0]
SPAG7
[1]
9.9
[2]
9.65
[3]
0.97
[4]
<0.001
[5]
9.92
[6]
9.92
[7]
0.99
[8]
0.001
[9]
9.52
[10]
9.37
[11]
0.98
[12]
0.001
[32] array · 13 items
[0]
ANAPC5
[1]
11.02
[2]
10.84
[3]
0.98
[4]
<0.001
[5]
10.95
[6]
10.95
[7]
0.99
[8]
0.001
[9]
11.02
[10]
10.8
[11]
0.98
[12]
0.009
[33] array · 13 items
[0]
ATP5D
[1]
10.71
[2]
10.4
[3]
0.97
[4]
<0.001
[5]
10.76
[6]
10.76
[7]
0.98
[8]
0.005
[9]
10.66
[10]
10.46
[11]
0.98
[12]
0.008
[34] array · 13 items
[0]
UBE4B
[1]
7.76
[2]
7.5
[3]
0.96
[4]
0.006
[5]
8.03
[6]
8.03
[7]
0.98
[8]
0.01
[9]
7.71
[10]
7.45
[11]
0.97
[12]
0.004
[35] array · 13 items
[0]
SCRN3
[1]
8.12
[2]
7.65
[3]
0.94
[4]
0.001
[5]
8.18
[6]
8.18
[7]
0.98
[8]
0.008
[9]
7.64
[10]
7.27
[11]
0.95
[12]
0.002
[36] array · 13 items
[0]
SMIM7
[1]
9.13
[2]
8.77
[3]
0.96
[4]
0.001
[5]
9.35
[6]
9.35
[7]
0.98
[8]
0.005
[9]
9.38
[10]
9.05
[11]
0.96
[12]
0.002
[37] array · 13 items
[0]
PDK4
[1]
8.24
[2]
9.15
[3]
1.11
[4]
0.001
[5]
7.98
[6]
7.98
[7]
1.11
[8]
<0.001
[9]
8.6
[10]
9.27
[11]
1.07
[12]
0.003
[38] array · 13 items
[0]
RBM18
[1]
9.31
[2]
8.99
[3]
0.96
[4]
0.001
[5]
9.6
[6]
9.6
[7]
0.99
[8]
0.006
[9]
9.18
[10]
8.96
[11]
0.98
[12]
0.003
[39] array · 13 items
[0]
SAMD5
[1]
6.76
[2]
6.38
[3]
0.94
[4]
0.006
[5]
6.85
[6]
6.85
[7]
0.96
[8]
0.001
[9]
7.47
[10]
6.85
[11]
0.92
[12]
<0.001
[40] array · 13 items
[0]
CADPS
[1]
6.43
[2]
6.2
[3]
0.96
[4]
0.004
[5]
6.4
[6]
6.4
[7]
0.96
[8]
0.005
[9]
6.1
[10]
5.89
[11]
0.97
[12]
0.004
[41] array · 13 items
[0]
LOC100506538///NDUFAF6
[1]
8.13
[2]
7.57
[3]
0.94
[4]
0.001
[5]
8.5
[6]
8.5
[7]
0.97
[8]
0.004
[9]
8.11
[10]
7.69
[11]
0.95
[12]
0.008
[42] array · 13 items
[0]
LOC100507534
[1]
6.38
[2]
5.28
[3]
0.83
[4]
0.002
[5]
6.29
[6]
6.29
[7]
0.88
[8]
< 0.001
[9]
4.42
[10]
4.19
[11]
0.95
[12]
0.007
locator
section[5]/table-wrap[1]#T1
[3] object · 16 fields
id
asset:table:pmid:31920755:2
role
table
format
jats-table
media_type
application/vnd.jats.table+json
uri
null
sha256
sha256:b0aec16342c0a0c0240088ec7a2a1231d032f9c68a123048e00118a97e4aff9d
bytes
972
access
open
state
verified
reader
read_table
reader_status
available
identifier
section[5]/table-wrap[2]#T2
version
null
note
Involvement of the gene set in biological processes and events.
structure object · 5 fields
pmcid
PMC6920214
section_index
5
section_title
Results
row_count
14
column_count
3
table object · 8 fields
label
Table 2
caption
Involvement of the gene set in biological processes and events.
rows array · 14 items
[0] array · 3 items
[0]
a
[1]
Ubiquitination
[2]
FBXO9, ANAPC5, UBE4, SMIM7
[1] array · 3 items
[0]
b
[1]
Enzyme activity
[2]
PPM1E, MAPK9, ATP5D, ICMT, PDK4, PSMC3
[2] array · 3 items
[0]
c
[1]
Energy production mechanisms
[2]
UQCRC1, ASNA1, ATP5D, PDK4
[3] array · 3 items
[0]
d
[1]
Cell growth
[2]
MAPK9, ANAPC5, CHSY1
[4] array · 3 items
[0]
e
[1]
Programmed cell death
[2]
IFITM2a, TIAL1a, PDCD6a, MCL-1b
[5] array · 3 items
[0]
f
[1]
Cytoplasmic vesicular transport and exocytosis
[2]
MYO5A, PITPNA, ASNA1, CADPS, SCRN3
[6] array · 3 items
[0]
g
[1]
Dynamic regulation of cytoskeleton
[2]
MYO5A
[7] array · 3 items
[0]
h
[1]
Ion channel homeostasis
[2]
KCNK1, PDCD6
[8] array · 3 items
[0]
i
[1]
Lipid binding and synthesis
[2]
PITPNA, CAPDS
[9] array · 3 items
[0]
j
[1]
DNA repair
[2]
ERCC1, KAT5
[10] array · 3 items
[0]
k
[1]
m-RNA transcription
[2]
MSANTD3, GTF2H1, GNAO1, MAPK9
[11] array · 3 items
[0]
l
[1]
Post transcriptional gene modifications
[2]
KAT5
[12] array · 3 items
[0]
m
[1]
Protein translation
[2]
TIAL1
[13] array · 3 items
[0]
n
[1]
Cell cycle regulation
[2]
ANAPC5, MAPK9
locator
section[5]/table-wrap[2]#T2
gaps array · 2 items
[0]
asset:data:geo:GSE53987 not downloaded
[1]
asset:data:geo:GSE53987 licence not read
analysis object · 4 fields
state
partial
methods array · 2 items
[0] object · 10 fields
id
method-1
family
network_analysis
specific
ppi_network
label
Network / pathway analysis
dsl_operations array · 3 items
[0]
build_graph
[1]
centrality_scores
[2]
pathway_enrich
missing_operations array · 0 items
parameters object · 0 fields
data_shapes array · 1 item
[0]
edge_list
evidence object · 3 fields
score
0.8
band
high
quote
protein-protein interaction
[1] object · 10 fields
id
method-2
family
null
specific
null
label
simple unpaired two-tailed t-test
dsl_operations array · 0 items
missing_operations array · 0 items
parameters object · 0 fields
data_shapes array · 0 items
evidence object · 3 fields
score
1
band
verbatim
quote
After calculation of mRNA expression intensity, a simple unpaired two tailed t-test (significance set at p ≤ 0.01) was applied to the data to filter out the set of genes expressed significantly in all three brain regions.
targets array · 0 items
gaps array · 1 item
[0]
method.reader_named_unmapped
capability object · 3 fields
state
complete
requirements array · 1 item
[0] object · 6 fields
capability_id
capability:computational_analysis
label
Computational analysis platform
assay_families array · 9 items
[0]
meta_analysis
[1]
machine_learning
[2]
survival_analysis
[3]
statistical_regression
[4]
pca
[5]
molecular_docking
[6]
network_analysis
[7]
differential_expression
[8]
gwas
candidate
Automated Assays Laravel application and simulated adapters
gaps array · 0 items
readiness object · 8 fields
state
complete
tier
R1
blocked_on
nothing:replicable_now
axes object · 3 fields
method object · 5 fields
tier
R1
expressible
true
required_operations array · 3 items
[0]
build_graph
[1]
centrality_scores
[2]
pathway_enrich
missing_operations array · 0 items
basis
The paper names the method it used and the corpus's method extractor maps it onto the DSL catalogue: ppi_network.
capability object · 4 fields
tier
R1
capability_id
capability:computational_analysis
availability_state
owned
basis
The computational analysis is owned. The physical bench the paper used is not, so a physical validation cannot be run here.
data object · 6 fields
tier
R1
reachable
true
accessions array · 1 item
[0]
GSE53987
resolved_accessions array · 1 item
[0]
GSE53987
statements array · 1 item
[0]
The dataset used for this study can be found in the NCBI Genome Expression Omnibus, GEO accession: GSE53987 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE53987).
basis
The paper names GSE53987 in NCBI Genome Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the accession resolves in the repository. No dataset was downloaded and no licence was read.
can_run object · 3 fields
dsl_operations array · 3 items
[0]
build_graph
[1]
centrality_scores
[2]
pathway_enrich
assets array · 4 items
[0]
source:pmid:31920755
[1]
data:geo:GSE53987
[2]
asset:table:pmid:31920755:1
[3]
asset:table:pmid:31920755:2
steps array · 1 item
[0]
run_analysis
must_build object · 5 fields
dsl_operations array · 0 items
converters array · 0 items
readers array · 0 items
capabilities array · 0 items
data_gaps array · 1 item
[0]
data:geo:GSE53987
gaps array · 0 items
review object · 5 fields
state
partial
machine_critique object · 5 fields
kind
extraction_review
reader object · 5 fields
model
MiniMax-M3.1-Flash
provider
minimax
provider_family
minimax
read_at
2026-10-31T18:17:49Z
independence
single_reader
evidence_check object · 2 fields
method
verbatim
availability
verbatim
calls
3
usage object · 3 fields
prompt_tokens
28630
completion_tokens
1251
cached_tokens
648
stages array · 1 item
[0] object · 4 fields
id
extraction
state
complete
reader
MiniMax-M3.1-Flash
provider
minimax
gaps array · 3 items
[0]
review.independent_reader
[1]
review.machine_critique
[2]
review.human_critique
execution object · 5 fields
state
absent
status
not_run
mode
null
runs array · 0 items
gaps array · 1 item
[0]
execution.not_run
provenance object · 7 fields
entities array · 3 items
[0] object · 3 fields
id
pmid:31920755
type
paper
label
pmid:31920755
[1] object · 3 fields
id
source:pmid:31920755
type
manuscript
label
PMID 31920755 full text
[2] object · 3 fields
id
data:geo:GSE53987
type
dataset
label
GEO GSE53987
activities array · 3 items
[0] object · 4 fields
id
activity-reading-sci-2026-11-01
type
classification
used array · 3 items
[0] object · 3 fields
id
pmid:31920755
type
paper
label
pmid:31920755
[1] object · 3 fields
id
source:pmid:31920755
type
manuscript
label
PMID 31920755 full text
[2] object · 3 fields
id
data:geo:GSE53987
type
dataset
label
GEO GSE53987
agent
agent:corpus-assay-engine
[1] object · 4 fields
id
activity-read-31920755
type
extraction
used array · 1 item
[0]
source:pmid:31920755
agent
agent:minimax-reader
[2] object · 4 fields
id
activity-resolve-GSE53987
type
accession_resolution
used array · 1 item
[0]
data:geo:GSE53987
agent
agent:corpus-assay-engine
agents array · 2 items
[0] object · 3 fields
id
agent:corpus-assay-engine
type
software
label
Corpus assay engine
[1] object · 3 fields
id
agent:minimax-reader
type
software
label
MiniMax literature reader
source_run_id
reading-sci-2026-11-01
dsl_catalogue_fingerprint
343fb30756ba6ec3
capability_table_fingerprint
2cb3e42f047d2ecf
snapshot_id
ba34b49490d9bfaf
lineage object · 4 fields
parent_id
pmid:31920755
parent_hash
sha256:a2967d9269195f6ac7acbb8df091fd5f86dfb5edcf5a9831d95d5909116e7c12
fork_of
null
gaps array · 7 items
[0]
asset:data:geo:GSE53987 licence not read
[1]
asset:data:geo:GSE53987 not downloaded
[2]
execution.not_run
[3]
method.reader_named_unmapped
[4]
review.human_critique
[5]
review.independent_reader
[6]
review.machine_critique
assays array · 1 item
[0] object · 11 fields
role
analysis
definition_id
network_analysis
definition_version
f2132e96ae6c7a4e
required_operations array · 3 items
[0]
build_graph
[1]
centrality_scores
[2]
pathway_enrich
support_state
supported
source_hashes object · 1 field
dsl_catalogue
f2132e96ae6c7a4e
evidence array · 1 item
[0]
protein-protein interaction
order_basis
analysis_only
id
assay:1
Complete file
{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:31920755", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 7, "content_hash": "sha256:89022fe610e25a1802bbd1e2cd4b9a1d74b7672c6a27763ad8be97796bc6e15f", "created_at": "2026-11-01T15:40:54Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:01:11Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Altered Expression of a Unique Set of Genes Reveals Complex Etiology of Schizophrenia.", "doi": "10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00906", "pmid": "31920755", "authors": ["Ashutosh Kumar", "Vikas Pareek", "Himanshu N Singh", "Muneeb A Faiq", "Ravi K Narayan", "Khursheed Raza", "Pavan Kumar"], "journal": "Frontiers in psychiatry", "year": 2019, "abstract": "Background: The etiology of schizophrenia is extensively debated, and multiple factors have been contended to be involved. A panoramic view of the contributing factors in a genome-wide study can be an effective strategy to provide a comprehensive understanding of its causality. Materials and Methods: GSE53987 dataset downloaded from GEO-database, which comprised mRNA expression data of post-mortem brain tissue across three regions from control (C) and age-matched subjects (T) of schizophrenia (N = Hippocampus [HIP]: C-15, T-18, Prefrontal cortex [PFC]: C-15, T-19, Associative striatum [STR]: C-18, T-18). Bio-conductor-affy-package used to compute mRNA expression, and further t-test applied to investigate differential gene expression. The analysis of the derived genes performed using the PANTHER Classification System and NCBI database. Further, a protein interactome analysis of the derived gene set was performed using STRING v10 database (https://string-db.org/) Results: A set of 40 genes showed significantly altered (p < 0.01) expression across all three brain regions. The analyses unraveled genes implicated in biological processes and events, and molecular pathways relating basic neuronal functions. 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No dataset was downloaded and no licence was read."}}, "can_run": {"dsl_operations": ["build_graph", "centrality_scores", "pathway_enrich"], "assets": ["source:pmid:31920755", "data:geo:GSE53987", "asset:table:pmid:31920755:1", "asset:table:pmid:31920755:2"], "steps": ["run_analysis"]}, "must_build": {"dsl_operations": [], "converters": [], "readers": [], "capabilities": [], "data_gaps": ["data:geo:GSE53987"]}, "gaps": []}, "review": {"state": "partial", "machine_critique": {"kind": "extraction_review", "reader": {"model": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "provider": "minimax", "provider_family": "minimax", "read_at": "2026-10-31T18:17:49Z", "independence": "single_reader"}, "evidence_check": {"method": "verbatim", "availability": "verbatim"}, "calls": 3, "usage": {"prompt_tokens": 28630, "completion_tokens": 1251, "cached_tokens": 648}}, "human_critique": null, "stages": [{"id": "extraction", "state": "complete", "reader": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "provider": "minimax"}], "gaps": ["review.independent_reader", "review.machine_critique", "review.human_critique"]}, "execution": {"state": "absent", "status": "not_run", "mode": null, "runs": [], "gaps": ["execution.not_run"]}, "provenance": {"entities": [{"id": "pmid:31920755", "type": "paper", "label": "pmid:31920755"}, {"id": "source:pmid:31920755", "type": "manuscript", "label": "PMID 31920755 full text"}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE53987", "type": "dataset", "label": "GEO GSE53987"}], "activities": [{"id": "activity-reading-sci-2026-11-01", "type": "classification", "used": [{"id": "pmid:31920755", "type": "paper", "label": "pmid:31920755"}, {"id": "source:pmid:31920755", "type": "manuscript", "label": "PMID 31920755 full text"}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE53987", "type": "dataset", "label": "GEO GSE53987"}], "agent": "agent:corpus-assay-engine"}, {"id": "activity-read-31920755", "type": "extraction", "used": ["source:pmid:31920755"], "agent": "agent:minimax-reader"}, {"id": "activity-resolve-GSE53987", "type": "accession_resolution", "used": ["data:geo:GSE53987"], "agent": "agent:corpus-assay-engine"}], "agents": [{"id": "agent:corpus-assay-engine", "type": "software", "label": "Corpus assay engine"}, {"id": "agent:minimax-reader", "type": "software", "label": "MiniMax literature reader"}], "source_run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01", "dsl_catalogue_fingerprint": "343fb30756ba6ec3", "capability_table_fingerprint": "2cb3e42f047d2ecf", "snapshot_id": "ba34b49490d9bfaf"}, "lineage": {"parent_id": "pmid:31920755", "parent_hash": "sha256:a2967d9269195f6ac7acbb8df091fd5f86dfb5edcf5a9831d95d5909116e7c12", "fork_of": null, "generation": 6}, "gaps": ["asset:data:geo:GSE53987 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE53987 not downloaded", "execution.not_run", "method.reader_named_unmapped", "review.human_critique", "review.independent_reader", "review.machine_critique"], "assays": [{"role": "analysis", "definition_id": "network_analysis", "definition_version": "f2132e96ae6c7a4e", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": ["build_graph", "centrality_scores", "pathway_enrich"], "support_state": "supported", "source_hashes": {"dsl_catalogue": "f2132e96ae6c7a4e"}, "confidence": 0.8, "evidence": ["protein-protein interaction"], "order_basis": "analysis_only", "id": "assay:1"}]}