Identification of Hub Genes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Related to Progression and Prognosis by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:32200387", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 7, "content_hash": "sha256:72220ec9c6946e438d7bdf2a36beb0c81437143d02698ee427062392ac1b9002", "created_at": "2026-11-01T15:40:58Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T21:23:01Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Identification of Hub Genes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Related to Progression and Prognosis by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis.", "doi": "10.12659/MSM.920854", "pmid": "32200387", "authors": ["Jianchun Li", "Xiaojia Wang", "Jieke Yang", "Sha Zhao", "Tongtong Liu", "Li Wang"], "journal": "Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research", "year": 2020, "abstract": "BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent cancers in the world. Bioinformatics studies have been widely used for screening genes involved in the initiation and progression of HCC. MATERIAL AND METHODS We obtained liver cancer microarray raw data from the GEO database (GSE54238). Next, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to assess the critical modules. Then, we assessed the gene significance by calculating survival, expression level, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) in the TCGA database. We also validated the expression of selected genes in the Oncomine database and calculated the relationship between 4 hub genes and immune infiltration. Finally, GSEA enrichment analysis was used to explore the potential mechanism. RESULTS We identified the red and blue modules as the critical modules, and found 176 candidate genes by assessing gene significance. GO and KEEG results suggested that the candidate genes are involved in the cell cycle. Four hub genes - SOX4, STK39, TARBP1, and TDRKH - were eventually screened after validating their expression and power in diagnosing HCC in the TCGA database. Immune infiltration analysis and GSEA enrichment analysis showed that these 4 hub genes were correlated with the immune cell populations infiltration and that multiple mechanisms were involved, such as angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed that these 4 genes can be regarded as potential prognosticators and therapeutic targets for HCC.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "We assessed prognosis-related genes using univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:32200387", "locator": "sections[5] \"Selection of prognosis-related genes\" paragraph 3", "quote": "We assessed prognosis-related genes using univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": null, "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:32200387"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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