A comprehensive analysis of sialolith proteins and the clinical implications.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:32265614", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 4, "content_hash": "sha256:3c18f2c1c94664afd83e0647b441a452bbc493098afd6d9d059b1afb21d92556", "created_at": "2026-11-01T15:40:59Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T21:23:04Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "A comprehensive analysis of sialolith proteins and the clinical implications.", "doi": "10.1186/s12014-020-09275-w", "pmid": "32265614", "authors": ["Carlos S Busso", "Jessie J Guidry", "Jhanis J Gonzalez", "Vassilia Zorba", "Leslie S Son", "Peter J Winsauer", "Rohan R Walvekar"], "journal": "Clinical proteomics", "year": 2020, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Sialolithiasis or salivary gland stones are associated with high clinical morbidity. The advances in the treatment of sialolithiasis has been limited, however, by our understanding of their composition. More specifically, there is little information regarding the formation and composition of the protein matrix, the role of mineralogical deposition, or the contributions of cell epithelium and secretions from the salivary glands. A better understanding of these stone characteristics could pave the way for future non-invasive treatment strategies.\nMETHODS: Twenty-nine high-quality ductal stone samples were analyzed. The preparation included successive washings to avoid contamination from saliva and blood. The sialoliths were macerated in liquid nitrogen and the maceration was subjected to a sequential, four-step, protein extraction. The four fractions were pooled together, and a standardized aliquot was subjected to tandem liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS). The data output was subjected to a basic descriptive statistical analysis for parametric confirmation and a subsequent G.O.-KEGG data base functional analysis and classification for biological interpretation.\nRESULTS: The LC-MS output detected 6934 proteins, 824 of which were unique for individual stones. An example of our sialolith protein data is available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD012422. More important, the sialoliths averaged 53% homology with bone-forming proteins that served as a standard comparison, which favorably compared with 62% homology identified among all sialolith sample proteins. The non-homologous protein fraction had a highly variable protein identity. The G.O.-KEGG functional analysis indicated that extracellular exosomes are a primary cellular component in sialolithiasis. Light and electron microscopy also confirmed the presence of exosomal-like features and the presence of intracellular microcrystals.\nCONCLUSION: Sialolith formation presents similarities with the hyperoxaluria that forms kidney stones, which suggests the possibility of a common origin. Further verification of a common origin could fundamentally change the way in which lithiasis is studied and treated.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "This assumption was confirmed using a Kormogolov–Smirnof test for normality.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:32265614", "locator": "sections[19] \"Sialolith samples: protein identity coverage and functional analysis\" paragraph 2", "quote": "This assumption was confirmed using a Kormogolov–Smirnof test for normality."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in the published article in supplementary files. 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This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:PXD012422"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:PXD012422"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": []}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:32265614", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12014-020-09275-w", "sha256": "sha256:7f776a43b901ba0498957a6c3a1b8e2405d38e7edf95a138656a5fb5182150d4", "bytes": 54507, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "10.1186/s12014-020-09275-w", "version": null, "note": "Full article fetched from PMC; the checksum covers the rendered section body, not the original XML bytes.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC7110646", "source": "europe_pmc_fulltext", "coverage": "whole_body_without_references", "text_hash_scope": "rendered_section_body"}}, {"id": "data:geo:PXD012422", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=PXD012422", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "PXD012422", "version": null, "note": "All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in the published article in supplementary files. 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distribution histogram (c)", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC7110646", "section_index": 20, "section_title": "Bio-functional characterization of sialolith samples", "row_count": 0, "column_count": 0}, "table": {"label": "Table 2", "caption": "Discrimination between homologous and non-homologous proteins from maxillary bone across sialolith samples (a), basic statistics (b) and degree of homology distribution histogram (c)", "rows": [], "row_count": 0, "column_count": 0, "numeric_cells": 0, "header_rows": 0, "locator": "section[20]/table-wrap[1]#Tab2"}}, {"id": "asset:table:pmid:32265614:3", "role": "table", "format": "jats-table", "media_type": "application/vnd.jats.table+json", "uri": null, "sha256": "sha256:638bda72026f61e63f5c80143c4fb53f179de4a62663b64625d4f97baa2354b1", "bytes": 1125, "access": "open", "state": "verified", "reader": "read_table", "reader_status": "available", "identifier": "section[23]/table-wrap[1]#Tab3", "version": null, "note": "G.O.-KEGG bio-functional analysis (A) 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