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pmid:32311223

Comprehensive insights on pivotal prognostic signature involved in clear cell renal cell carcinoma microenvironment using the ESTIMATE algorithm.

Jun Luo · Yi Xie · Yuxiao Zheng · Chenji Wang · Feng Qi · Jiateng Hu · Yaoting Xu

Cancer medicine · 2020 doi:10.1002/cam4.2983

Paper

complete

Experiment

complete

Data

partial

Analysis

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title
Comprehensive insights on pivotal prognostic signature involved in clear cell renal cell carcinoma microenvironment using the ESTIMATE algorithm.
doi
10.1002/cam4.2983
pmid
32311223
authors array · 7 items
[0]
Jun Luo
[1]
Yi Xie
[2]
Yuxiao Zheng
[3]
Chenji Wang
[4]
Feng Qi
[5]
Jiateng Hu
[6]
Yaoting Xu
journal
Cancer medicine
year
2020
abstract
Emerging evidence has highlighted that the immune and stromal cells formed the majority of tumor microenvironment (TME) which are served as important roles in tumor progression. In our study, we aimed to screen vital prognostic signature associated with TME in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). We obtained total 611 samples from TCGA database consisting of transcriptome profiles and clinical data. ESTIMATE algorithm was applied to estimate the infiltrating fractions of immune/stromal cells. We found that the immune scores revealed more prognostic significance in overall survival and positive associations with risk clinical factors than stromal scores. We carried out differential expression analysis between Immunescore and stromalscore groups to obtain the 72 intersect genes. Protein to protein interaction (PPI) network and functional analysis was performed to indicate potential altered pathways. Additionally, we further conducted multivariate Cox analysis to identify 12 hub genes associated highly with TME of ccRCC using a stepwise regression procedure. Accordingly, risk score was constructed from the multivariate Cox results and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the predictive value (AUC = 0.781). The ccRCC patients with high risk scores suffered poor survival outcomes than that with low risk scores. In the validation cohort from GSE53757, TNFSF13B, CASP5, and GJB6 correlated positively with tumor stages, while FREM1 negatively correlated with tumor stages. Importantly, we further observed that TNFSF13B, CASP5 and XCR1 showed the remarkable correlations with tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Taken together, our research identified specific signatures that related to the infiltration of stromal and immune cells in TME of ccRCC using the transciptome profiles, which reached a comprehensive understanding of tumor microenvironment in ccRCC.
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Gene array analysis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma tissue versus matched normal kidney tissue
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Immune scores revealed more prognostic value in ccRCC versus stromal scores
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Clinical baseline of 530 ccRCC patients included in study from TCGA cohort
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Immune scores revealed more prognostic value in ccRCC versus stromal scores
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Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes results from the functional pathway analysis of intersect genes
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Batch survival analysis and construction of risk score based on hub genes
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43 prognostic genes from the batch survival analysis
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[1]
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<.001
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gap junction protein beta 6
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0 < .001
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lactate dehydrogenase D
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<.001
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adhesion G protein‐coupled receptor V1
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3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐CoA synthase 2
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aquaporin 9
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<.001
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follicular dendritic cell secreted protein
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<.001
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glycerol‐3‐phosphate acyltransferase 3
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[3]
<.001
[21] array · 4 items
[0]
HSD11B2
[1]
hydroxysteroid 11‐beta dehydrogenase 2
[2]
Chromosome 16, NC_000016.10
[3]
<.001
[22] array · 4 items
[0]
MIXL1
[1]
Mix1 homeobox‐like 1 (Xenopus laevis)
[2]
Chromosome 1, NC_000067.6
[3]
.001
[23] array · 4 items
[0]
FCRL5
[1]
Fc receptor like 5
[2]
Chromosome 1, NC_000001.11
[3]
.001
[24] array · 4 items
[0]
GREM1
[1]
gremlin 1, DAN family BMP antagonist
[2]
Chromosome 15, NC_000015.10
[3]
.003
[25] array · 4 items
[0]
MZB1
[1]
marginal zone B and B1 cell specific protein
[2]
Chromosome 5, NC_000005.10
[3]
.004
[26] array · 4 items
[0]
XCR1
[1]
X‐C motif chemokine receptor 1
[2]
Chromosome 3, NC_000003.12
[3]
.004
[27] array · 4 items
[0]
ZPLD1
[1]
zona pellucida‐like domain containing 1
[2]
Chromosome 3, NC_000003.12
[3]
.004
[28] array · 4 items
[0]
CASP5
[1]
caspase 5
[2]
Chromosome 11, NC_000011.10
[3]
.006
[29] array · 4 items
[0]
TMEM38A
[1]
transmembrane protein 38A
[2]
Chromosome 8, NC_000074.6
[3]
.006
[30] array · 4 items
[0]
CHRDL2
[1]
Chordin‐like 2
[2]
Chromosome 11, NC_000011.10
[3]
.007
[31] array · 4 items
[0]
RORB
[1]
RAR‐related orphan receptor beta
[2]
Chromosome 19, NC_000085.6
[3]
.008
[32] array · 4 items
[0]
IGLL5
[1]
immunoglobulin lambda‐like polypeptide 5
[2]
Chromosome 22, NC_000022.11
[3]
.009
[33] array · 4 items
[0]
PAH
[1]
phenylalanine hydroxylase
[2]
Chromosome 12, NC_000012.12
[3]
.010
[34] array · 4 items
[0]
MUC20
[1]
mucin 20, cell surface‐associated
[2]
Chromosome 3, NC_000003.12
[3]
.011
[35] array · 4 items
[0]
SCARA5
[1]
scavenger receptor class A member 5
[2]
Chromosome 8, NC_000008.11
[3]
.018
[36] array · 4 items
[0]
KCNJ11
[1]
potassium voltage‐gated channel subfamily J member 11
[2]
Chromosome 11, NC_000011.10
[3]
.019
[37] array · 4 items
[0]
IL10
[1]
interleukin 10
[2]
Chromosome 1, NC_000001.11
[3]
.027
[38] array · 4 items
[0]
HSD11B1
[1]
hydroxysteroid 11‐beta dehydrogenase 1
[2]
Chromosome 1, NC_000001.11
[3]
.028
[39] array · 4 items
[0]
VSIG4
[1]
V‐set and immunoglobulin domain containing 4
[2]
Chromosome X, NC_000023.11
[3]
.029
[40] array · 4 items
[0]
F7
[1]
coagulation factor VII
[2]
Chromosome 13, NC_000013.11
[3]
.037
[41] array · 4 items
[0]
RAP1GAP
[1]
RAP1 GTPase‐activating protein
[2]
Chromosome 1, NC_000001.11
[3]
.039
[42] array · 4 items
[0]
POU2AF1
[1]
POU class 2 homeobox‐associating factor 1
[2]
Chromosome 11, NC_000011.10
[3]
.043
[43] array · 4 items
[0]
KLK3
[1]
Kallikrein‐related peptidase 3
[2]
Chromosome 19, NC_000019.10
[3]
.044
locator
section[14]/table-wrap[1]#cam42983-tbl-0004
gaps array · 2 items
[0]
asset:data:geo:GSE53757 not downloaded
[1]
asset:data:geo:GSE53757 licence not read
analysis object · 4 fields
state
complete
methods array · 3 items
[0] object · 10 fields
id
method-1
family
survival_analysis
specific
cox_proportional_hazards
label
Survival analysis
dsl_operations array · 1 item
[0]
cox_ph
missing_operations array · 0 items
parameters object · 0 fields
data_shapes array · 1 item
[0]
time_to_event_with_censoring
evidence object · 3 fields
score
0.8
band
high
quote
Cox regression
[1] object · 10 fields
id
method-2
family
differential_expression
specific
limma_voom
label
Differential expression analysis
dsl_operations array · 3 items
[0]
normalise_counts
[1]
differential_expression_fit
[2]
fdr_bh
missing_operations array · 0 items
parameters object · 0 fields
data_shapes array · 1 item
[0]
count_matrix_with_condition
evidence object · 3 fields
score
0.8
band
high
quote
limma
[2] object · 10 fields
id
method-3
family
network_analysis
specific
ppi_network
label
Network / pathway analysis
dsl_operations array · 3 items
[0]
build_graph
[1]
centrality_scores
[2]
pathway_enrich
missing_operations array · 0 items
parameters object · 0 fields
data_shapes array · 1 item
[0]
edge_list
evidence object · 3 fields
score
0.7
band
medium
quote
PPI
targets array · 0 items
gaps array · 0 items
capability object · 3 fields
state
complete
requirements array · 1 item
[0] object · 6 fields
capability_id
capability:computational_analysis
label
Computational analysis platform
assay_families array · 9 items
[0]
meta_analysis
[1]
machine_learning
[2]
survival_analysis
[3]
statistical_regression
[4]
pca
[5]
molecular_docking
[6]
network_analysis
[7]
differential_expression
[8]
gwas
candidate
Automated Assays Laravel application and simulated adapters
gaps array · 0 items
readiness object · 8 fields
state
complete
tier
R1
blocked_on
nothing:replicable_now
axes object · 3 fields
method object · 5 fields
tier
R1
expressible
true
required_operations array · 1 item
[0]
cox_ph
missing_operations array · 0 items
basis
The paper names the method it used and the corpus's method extractor maps it onto the DSL catalogue: cox_proportional_hazards.
capability object · 4 fields
tier
R1
capability_id
capability:computational_analysis
availability_state
owned
basis
The computational analysis is owned. The physical bench the paper used is not, so a physical validation cannot be run here.
data object · 6 fields
tier
R1
reachable
true
accessions array · 1 item
[0]
GSE53757
resolved_accessions array · 1 item
[0]
GSE53757
statements array · 1 item
[0]
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
basis
The paper names GSE53757 in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the accession resolves in the repository. No dataset was downloaded and no licence was read.
can_run object · 3 fields
dsl_operations array · 1 item
[0]
cox_ph
assets array · 6 items
[0]
source:pmid:32311223
[1]
data:geo:GSE53757
[2]
asset:table:pmid:32311223:1
[3]
asset:table:pmid:32311223:2
[4]
asset:table:pmid:32311223:3
[5]
asset:table:pmid:32311223:4
steps array · 1 item
[0]
run_analysis
must_build object · 5 fields
dsl_operations array · 0 items
converters array · 0 items
readers array · 0 items
capabilities array · 0 items
data_gaps array · 1 item
[0]
data:geo:GSE53757
gaps array · 0 items
review object · 5 fields
state
partial
machine_critique object · 5 fields
kind
extraction_review
reader object · 5 fields
model
MiniMax-M3.1-Flash
provider
minimax
provider_family
minimax
read_at
2026-10-31T19:00:32Z
independence
single_reader
evidence_check object · 2 fields
method
absent
availability
verbatim
calls
3
usage object · 3 fields
prompt_tokens
33625
completion_tokens
1721
cached_tokens
792
stages array · 1 item
[0] object · 4 fields
id
extraction
state
complete
reader
MiniMax-M3.1-Flash
provider
minimax
gaps array · 3 items
[0]
review.independent_reader
[1]
review.machine_critique
[2]
review.human_critique
execution object · 5 fields
state
absent
status
not_run
mode
null
runs array · 0 items
gaps array · 1 item
[0]
execution.not_run
provenance object · 7 fields
entities array · 3 items
[0] object · 3 fields
id
pmid:32311223
type
paper
label
pmid:32311223
[1] object · 3 fields
id
source:pmid:32311223
type
manuscript
label
PMID 32311223 full text
[2] object · 3 fields
id
data:geo:GSE53757
type
dataset
label
GEO GSE53757
activities array · 3 items
[0] object · 4 fields
id
activity-reading-sci-2026-11-01
type
classification
used array · 3 items
[0] object · 3 fields
id
pmid:32311223
type
paper
label
pmid:32311223
[1] object · 3 fields
id
source:pmid:32311223
type
manuscript
label
PMID 32311223 full text
[2] object · 3 fields
id
data:geo:GSE53757
type
dataset
label
GEO GSE53757
agent
agent:corpus-assay-engine
[1] object · 4 fields
id
activity-read-32311223
type
extraction
used array · 1 item
[0]
source:pmid:32311223
agent
agent:minimax-reader
[2] object · 4 fields
id
activity-resolve-GSE53757
type
accession_resolution
used array · 1 item
[0]
data:geo:GSE53757
agent
agent:corpus-assay-engine
agents array · 2 items
[0] object · 3 fields
id
agent:corpus-assay-engine
type
software
label
Corpus assay engine
[1] object · 3 fields
id
agent:minimax-reader
type
software
label
MiniMax literature reader
source_run_id
reading-sci-2026-11-01
dsl_catalogue_fingerprint
343fb30756ba6ec3
capability_table_fingerprint
2cb3e42f047d2ecf
snapshot_id
ba34b49490d9bfaf
lineage object · 4 fields
parent_id
pmid:32311223
parent_hash
sha256:8c513de47daad179f98562bd8f53708a1123bd9c44294e4a43c071df5a699e4e
fork_of
null
gaps array · 6 items
[0]
asset:data:geo:GSE53757 licence not read
[1]
asset:data:geo:GSE53757 not downloaded
[2]
execution.not_run
[3]
review.human_critique
[4]
review.independent_reader
[5]
review.machine_critique
assays array · 2 items
[0] object · 11 fields
role
data_generation
definition_id
microarray
definition_version
99e1195c7d6f
required_operations array · 0 items
support_state
partial
source_hashes object · 1 field
assay_lexicon
99e1195c7d6f
confidence
0.99
evidence array · 2 items
[0]
kage was mainly used to deal with Affymetrix microarray data of 539 ccRCC patients. For samples with
[1]
C Limma package was mainly used to deal with Affymetrix microarray data of 539 ccRCC patients. For s
order_basis
paper_text_order:2749
id
assay:1
[1] object · 11 fields
role
analysis
definition_id
survival_analysis
definition_version
f2132e96ae6c7a4e
required_operations array · 1 item
[0]
cox_ph
support_state
supported
source_hashes object · 1 field
dsl_catalogue
f2132e96ae6c7a4e
evidence array · 1 item
[0]
Cox regression
order_basis
consumes_earlier_output
id
assay:2
Complete file
{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:32311223", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 7, "content_hash": "sha256:00a0b5b0ae7fd38ee2c36d85488dccb5614357bd8222164cd4256a9b3a438899", "created_at": "2026-11-01T15:40:59Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:01:31Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Comprehensive insights on pivotal prognostic signature involved in clear cell renal cell carcinoma microenvironment using the ESTIMATE algorithm.", "doi": "10.1002/cam4.2983", "pmid": "32311223", "authors": ["Jun Luo", "Yi Xie", "Yuxiao Zheng", "Chenji Wang", "Feng Qi", "Jiateng Hu", "Yaoting Xu"], "journal": "Cancer medicine", "year": 2020, "abstract": "Emerging evidence has highlighted that the immune and stromal cells formed the majority of tumor microenvironment (TME) which are served as important roles in tumor progression. In our study, we aimed to screen vital prognostic signature associated with TME in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). We obtained total 611 samples from TCGA database consisting of transcriptome profiles and clinical data. ESTIMATE algorithm was applied to estimate the infiltrating fractions of immune/stromal cells. We found that the immune scores revealed more prognostic significance in overall survival and positive associations with risk clinical factors than stromal scores. We carried out differential expression analysis between Immunescore and stromalscore groups to obtain the 72 intersect genes. Protein to protein interaction (PPI) network and functional analysis was performed to indicate potential altered pathways. Additionally, we further conducted multivariate Cox analysis to identify 12 hub genes associated highly with TME of ccRCC using a stepwise regression procedure. Accordingly, risk score was constructed from the multivariate Cox results and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the predictive value (AUC = 0.781). The ccRCC patients with high risk scores suffered poor survival outcomes than that with low risk scores. In the validation cohort from GSE53757, TNFSF13B, CASP5, and GJB6 correlated positively with tumor stages, while FREM1 negatively correlated with tumor stages. Importantly, we further observed that TNFSF13B, CASP5 and XCR1 showed the remarkable correlations with tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Taken together, our research identified specific signatures that related to the infiltration of stromal and immune cells in TME of ccRCC using the transciptome profiles, which reached a comprehensive understanding of tumor microenvironment in ccRCC.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:32311223", "locator": "sections[24] \"DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": null, "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:32311223"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE53757"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE53757"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": []}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:32311223", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.2983", "sha256": "sha256:b579de3aaeadfd4e1f1a8fad889aebd80b6345d4eee0a81746623a469fc6e0e5", "bytes": 44762, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "10.1002/cam4.2983", "version": null, "note": "Full article fetched from PMC; the checksum covers the rendered section body, not the original XML bytes.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC7300420", "source": "europe_pmc_fulltext", "coverage": "whole_body", "text_hash_scope": "rendered_section_body"}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE53757", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE53757", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE53757", "version": null, "note": "The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.", "access_statement_kind": "data_availability_statement", "sample_accessions": ["GSM1300062", "GSM1300063", "GSM1300064", "GSM1300065", "GSM1300066", "GSM1300067", "GSM1300068", "GSM1300069", "GSM1300070", "GSM1300071", "GSM1300072", "GSM1300073", "GSM1300074", "GSM1300075", "GSM1300076", "GSM1300077", "GSM1300078", "GSM1300079", "GSM1300080", "GSM1300081", "GSM1300082", "GSM1300083", "GSM1300084", "GSM1300085", "GSM1300086", "GSM1300087", "GSM1300088", "GSM1300089", "GSM1300090", "GSM1300091", "GSM1300092", "GSM1300093", "GSM1300094", "GSM1300095", "GSM1300096", "GSM1300097", "GSM1300098", "GSM1300099", "GSM1300100", "GSM1300101", "GSM1300102", "GSM1300103", "GSM1300104", "GSM1300105", "GSM1300106", "GSM1300107", "GSM1300108", "GSM1300109", "GSM1300110", "GSM1300111", "GSM1300112", "GSM1300113", "GSM1300114", "GSM1300115", "GSM1300116", "GSM1300117", "GSM1300118", "GSM1300119", "GSM1300120", "GSM1300121", "GSM1300122", "GSM1300123", "GSM1300124", "GSM1300125", "GSM1300126", "GSM1300127", "GSM1300128", "GSM1300129", "GSM1300130", "GSM1300131", "GSM1300132", "GSM1300133", "GSM1300134", "GSM1300135", "GSM1300136", "GSM1300137", "GSM1300138", "GSM1300139", "GSM1300140", "GSM1300141", "GSM1300142", "GSM1300143", "GSM1300144", "GSM1300145", "GSM1300146", "GSM1300147", "GSM1300148", "GSM1300149", "GSM1300150", "GSM1300151", "GSM1300152", "GSM1300153", "GSM1300154", "GSM1300155", "GSM1300156", "GSM1300157", "GSM1300158", "GSM1300159", "GSM1300160", "GSM1300161", "GSM1300162", "GSM1300163", "GSM1300164", "GSM1300165", "GSM1300166", "GSM1300167", "GSM1300168", "GSM1300169", "GSM1300170", "GSM1300171", "GSM1300172", "GSM1300173", "GSM1300174", "GSM1300175", "GSM1300176", "GSM1300177", "GSM1300178", "GSM1300179", "GSM1300180", "GSM1300181", "GSM1300182", "GSM1300183", "GSM1300184", "GSM1300185", "GSM1300186", "GSM1300187", "GSM1300188", "GSM1300189", "GSM1300190", "GSM1300191", "GSM1300192", "GSM1300193", "GSM1300194", "GSM1300195", "GSM1300196", "GSM1300197", "GSM1300198", "GSM1300199", "GSM1300200", "GSM1300201", "GSM1300202", "GSM1300203", "GSM1300204", "GSM1300205"], "sample_count": 144, "group_sizes": null, "group_sizes_basis": null, "platform": "570", "taxon": "Homo sapiens", "title": "Gene array analysis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma tissue versus matched normal kidney tissue", "resolution_checked_at": "2026-11-01T15:39:54Z", "resolution_check": "identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}, {"id": "asset:table:pmid:32311223:1", "role": "table", "format": "jats-table", "media_type": "application/vnd.jats.table+json", "uri": null, "sha256": "sha256:beb53c71bc0fd82d480ace1e561a5e91d3074f963955505c3bbd6590305ab0ce", "bytes": 1070, "access": "open", "state": "verified", "reader": 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