Identification of transforming growth factor beta induced (TGFBI) as an immune-related prognostic factor in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).

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The aim of this study was to screen out novel prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for immunotherapy, and some novel molecule drugs for ccRCC treatment. Immune scores ranged from -1109.36 to 2920.81 and stromal scores ranged from -1530.11 to 1955.39 were firstly calculated by applying ESTIMATE algorithm. Then 17 DEGs associated with immune score and stromal score were further identified. 6 candidate hub genes were screened out by performing overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival analyses based on TCGA-KIRC data, one of which including TGFBI was further regarded as hub gene associated with prognosis by calculating the R2 (R2 = 0.011, P = 0.018) and AUC (AUC = 0.874). The prognostic value of TGFBI was validated by performing OS, CSS, and PFS analyses based on GSE29609 and E-MTAB-3267. CMap analysis suggested that 3 molecule drugs might be novel choice for ccRCC treatment. Further analysis demonstrated that CNVs of TGFBI was associated with OS of patients with ccRCC. TGFBI expression was also correlated with histologic grade, pathologic stage, and immune infiltration level, significantly. TGFBI was the most relevant gene with OS among the candidate hub genes, which might be novel DNA methylation biomarkers for ccRCC. In conclusion, our findings indicated that TGFBI was correlated with prognosis of patients with ccRCC, which might be novel prognostic biomarkers, and targets for immunotherapy in ccRCC. Three small molecule drugs were also identified, which showed strong potential for ccRCC treatment.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "In this part, expression levels of hub genes and some important features (age, gender, laterality, neoplasm histologic grade, pathologic stage, and person neoplasm cancer status) were included for univariable Cox analysis of overall survival (OS) by using TCGA-KIRC data.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:32406866", "locator": "sections[35] \"Cox proportional hazards regression analysis\" paragraph 2", "quote": "In this part, expression levels of hub genes and some important features (age, gender, laterality, neoplasm histologic grade, pathologic stage, and person neoplasm cancer status) were included for univariable Cox analysis of overall survival (OS) by using TCGA-KIRC data."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "Microarray data of ccRCC (TCGA-KIRC data) was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database (https://genomecancer.ucsc.edu/). After excluding unqualified samples, totally 530 ccRCC samples from ccRCC patients were used in this study, which contained complete clinical information.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:32406866", "locator": "sections[22] \"Data collection and data preprocessing\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Microarray data of ccRCC (TCGA-KIRC data) was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database (https://genomecancer.ucsc.edu/). 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