Immunoscore Predicts Survival in Early-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:32457841", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 7, "content_hash": "sha256:5bcb97b8f76f2a3a3c080109f847114ec3a89759c440b96ca3cbd7113b2d33e2", "created_at": "2026-11-01T15:41:02Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:01:40Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Immunoscore Predicts Survival in Early-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients.", "doi": "10.3389/fonc.2020.00691", "pmid": "32457841", "authors": ["Zihuan Zhao", "Dan Zhao", "Ji Xia", "Yi Wang", "Buhai Wang"], "journal": "Frontiers in oncology", "year": 2020, "abstract": "Background: The lung cancer staging system is insufficient for a comprehensive evaluation of patient prognosis. We constructed a novel immunoscore model to predict patients with high risk and poor survival. Method: Immunoscore was developed based on z-score transformed enrichment score of 11 immune-related gene sets of 109 immune risk genes. The immunoscore model was trained in lung adenocarcinoma cohort from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA-LUAD) (n = 400), and validated in other two independent cohorts from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), GSE31210 (n = 219) and GSE68465 (n = 356). Meta-set (n = 975) was formed by combining all training and testing sets. Result: High immunoscore conferred worse prognosis in all sets. It was an independent prognostic factors in multivariate Cox analysis in training, testing and meta-set [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.96 (2.24-3.9), P < 0.001 in training set; HR = 1.99 (1.21-3.26), P = 0.006 in testing set 1; HR = 1.48 (1.69-2.39), P = 0.005 in testing set 2; HR = 2.01 (1.69-2.39), P < 0.001 in meta-set]. Immunoscore-clinical prognostic signature (ICPS) was developed by integrating immunoscore and clinical characteristic, and had higher C-index than immunoscore or stage alone in all sets [0.72 (ICPS) vs. 0.7 (immunoscore) or 0.59 (stage) in training set; 0.75 vs. 0.72 or 0.7 in testing set 1; 0.65 vs. 0.61 or 0.62 in testing set 2; 0.7 vs. 0.66 or 0.64 in meta-set]. Genome analysis revealed that immunoscore was positively correlated with tumor mutation burden (R = 0.22, P < 0.001). Besides, high immunoscore was correlated with high proportion of carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (R = 0.32, P < 0.001) in tumor microenvironment but fewer CD8+ cells infiltration (R = -0.28, P < 0.001). Conclusion: The immunoscore and ICPS are potential biomarkers for evaluating patient survival. Further investigations are required to validate and improve their prediction accuracy.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "C-index of ICPS was compared with stage or immunoscore alone using “compareC” package (43).", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:32457841", "locator": "sections[8] \"Immunoscore-Clinical Prognostic Signature Construction\" paragraph 2", "quote": "C-index of ICPS was compared with stage or immunoscore alone using “compareC” package (43)."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "Data Availability Statement\nPublicly available datasets were analyzed in this study. This data can be found here: https://portal.gdc.cancer.gov, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:32457841", "locator": "sections[23] \"Data Availability Statement\" paragraphs 1-2", "quote": "Data Availability Statement\nPublicly available datasets were analyzed in this study. This data can be found here: https://portal.gdc.cancer.gov, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": null, "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:32457841"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE31210"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE31210"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": []}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:32457841", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2020.00691", "sha256": "sha256:6429bde39900be907390025cd959af48f9d562f8b4d0804ad157607236959383", "bytes": 54046, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "10.3389/fonc.2020.00691", "version": null, "note": "Full article fetched from PMC; the checksum covers the rendered section body, not the original XML bytes.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC7225293", "source": "europe_pmc_fulltext", "coverage": "whole_body", "text_hash_scope": "rendered_section_body"}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE31210", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE31210", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE31210", "version": null, "note": "Data Availability Statement\nPublicly available datasets were analyzed in this study. 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