Comprehensive Analysis of Candidate Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers Associated with Lung Adenocarcinoma.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:32578582", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 8, "content_hash": "sha256:1396d61047a05a08f80e35c18d229f76ae461b178c1e700f172c268ba69f4823", "created_at": "2026-11-01T15:41:04Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:01:47Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Comprehensive Analysis of Candidate Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers Associated with Lung Adenocarcinoma.", "doi": "10.12659/MSM.922070", "pmid": "32578582", "authors": ["Jingyuan Li", "Xingyuan Liu", "Zan Cui", "Guanying Han"], "journal": "Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research", "year": 2020, "abstract": "BACKGROUND We aimed to screen and identify central genetic and molecular targets involved in advancement of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and to perform an integrated analysis and clinical validation. MATERIAL AND METHODS The GEO2R technique was utilized to assess differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among the gene sets GSE75037, GSE85716, and GSE118370. Subsequently, gene Ontology (GO) analyses and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analytical methods were executed to determine related biofunctions and signaling pathways, which were annotated with tools from the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) resource. Then, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network complex consisting of all detected DEGs was built with the STRING web interface. Cytohubba and MCODE plug-ins for Cytoscape software and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) were employed to identify the hub genes. Finally, the mRNA expression of the identified hub genes was quantitatively validated by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database analysis and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). RESULTS We screened 146 upregulated DEGs and 431 downregulated DEGs with the criteria of |logFC| >1 and P<0.05, and the GO analysis indicated that DEGs were implicated in mitotic nuclear division (biological process, BP), the nucleus (cellular component, CC), and protein binding (molecular function, MF) and were associated with multiple KEGG pathways, such as the p53 signaling pathway in cancer. Then, the top 8 genes that predicted significantly different outcomes in LUAD patients were filtered from the DEGs and selected as hub genes. The TCGA database analysis and RT-qPCR results demonstrated that these genes were differentially expressed with the same trends in LUAD tissues compared with normal tissues. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we propose that 8 genes (PECAM1, CDK1, MKI67, SPP1, TOP2A, CHEK1, CCNB1, and RRM2) might be novel hub genes strongly associated with the progression and prognosis of LUAD.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "The significance between 2 groups was determined by the log-rank T test, and hazard ratio (HR) was estimated to evaluate the association between gene expression and survival rate.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:32578582", "locator": "sections[7] \"Determination of hub genes\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The significance between 2 groups was determined by the log-rank T test, and hazard ratio (HR) was estimated to evaluate the association between gene expression and survival rate."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "GSE75037 data were detected with an Illumina HumanWG-6 v3.0 expression beadchip [10], GSE85716 analysis performed on an Agilent-062918 OE Human lncRNA Microarray V4.0 02800 [11], and GSE118370 analysis was performed on an Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array [12]; these data were extracted from the GEO server, a free open genome database based on microarrays and sequences [13].", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:32578582", "locator": "sections[3] \"Data source\" paragraph 2", "quote": "GSE75037 data were detected with an Illumina HumanWG-6 v3.0 expression beadchip [10], GSE85716 analysis performed on an Agilent-062918 OE Human lncRNA Microarray V4.0 02800 [11], and GSE118370 analysis was performed on an Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array [12]; these data were extracted from the GEO server, a free open genome database based on microarrays and sequences [13]."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": null, "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:32578582"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE118370"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE118370"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": []}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:32578582", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.922070", "sha256": "sha256:fa152af2840bc0fee184d08746a1ec8a71e6fb377f46ab0a4bcff4b2d578b9c1", "bytes": 25011, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "10.12659/MSM.922070", "version": null, "note": "Full article fetched from PMC; 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