Prognostic Value of Complement Component 2 and Its Correlation with Immune Infiltrates in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:32626741", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 8, "content_hash": "sha256:73a523d17c522dd2fd1b4eca7bde218dcbb95d4051f0806390eaff49f294d3f3", "created_at": "2026-11-01T15:41:05Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:45:03Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Prognostic Value of Complement Component 2 and Its Correlation with Immune Infiltrates in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.", "doi": "10.1155/2020/3765937", "pmid": "32626741", "authors": ["Gang Ning", "Yan-Lin Huang", "Li-Min Zhen", "Wen-Xiong Xu", "Xue-Jun Li", "Li-Na Wu", "Ying Liu", "Chan Xie", "Liang Peng"], "journal": "BioMed research international", "year": 2020, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of complement component 2 (C2) has been found to be significantly associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, little is known about the role and mechanism of C2 in HCC. In the present study, we aimed to explore the prognostic value of C2 and its correlation with tumor-infiltrating immune cells in HCC.\nMATERIALS AND METHODS: mRNA expression was downloaded from TCGA (365 HCC patients and 50 healthy controls), GSE14520 (220 HCC patients and 220 adjacent normal tissues), and ICGC HCC (232 HCC patients) cohorts. Unpaired Student's t-tests or ANOVA tests were used to evaluate differences of C2 expression. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to analyze the prognostic value of C2. CIBERSORT was used to calculate the proportion of 22 kinds of tumor-infiltrating immune cells.\nRESULTS: Significantly lower C2 expression was found at HCC compared to healthy controls, and C2 was associated with TNM stages. Higher C2 expression was significantly associated with better prognosis, and multivariate analysis showed that C2 was also an independent factor for the prognosis of HCC. Moreover, elevated CD4 T cells were found at HCC patients with higher C2 expression while the higher proportion of macrophage M0 cells was found in HCC patients with lower C2 expression. KEGG analysis showed that \"cell cycle,\" \"AMPK signaling pathway,\" and \"PPAR signaling pathway\" were enriched in HCC patients with higher C2 expression.\nCONCLUSION: C2 is a prognostic factor for HCC and may be used as a therapeutic target for future treatment of HCC.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "Data were presented as the median. Unpaired Student's t-tests or ANOVA tests were performed to compare the difference of C2 expression between HCC patients and healthy controls/adjacent normal tissues or among HCC patients with different histologic grades or TNM stages. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were carried out to analyze the prognostic value of C2 expression, and Kaplan-Meier analysis with a two-sided log-rank test was also performed to compare the OS of HCC patients with high or low C2 expression. Additional statistical analysis was performed with STAMP [14]. In the present study, a total of three cohorts, including the TCGA HCC cohort, GSE14520 HCC cohort, and ICGC HCC cohort, were employed. mRNA expression and corresponding clinical-pathological parameters of the TCGA HCC cohort were downloaded from TCGA (https://cancergenome.nih.gov/).", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:32626741", "locator": "sections[7] \"2.5. Statistical Analysis\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Data were presented as the median."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:32626741", "locator": "sections[7] \"2.5. Statistical Analysis\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Unpaired Student's t-tests or ANOVA tests were performed to compare the difference of C2 expression between HCC patients and healthy controls/adjacent normal tissues or among HCC patients with different histologic grades or TNM stages."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:32626741", "locator": "sections[7] \"2.5. Statistical Analysis\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were carried out to analyze the prognostic value of C2 expression, and Kaplan-Meier analysis with a two-sided log-rank test was also performed to compare the OS of HCC patients with high or low C2 expression."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:32626741", "locator": "sections[7] \"2.5. Statistical Analysis\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Additional statistical analysis was performed with STAMP [14]."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:32626741", "locator": "sections[4] \"2.2. Acquisition of mRNA Expression and Corresponding Clinical-Pathological Parameters from TCGA, GEO, and ICGC\" paragraph 2", "quote": "In the present study, a total of three cohorts, including the TCGA HCC cohort, GSE14520 HCC cohort, and ICGC HCC cohort, were employed. mRNA expression and corresponding clinical-pathological parameters of the TCGA HCC cohort were downloaded from TCGA (https://cancergenome.nih.gov/)."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "All the data used in the present study could be downloaded from TCGA (https://cancergenome.nih.gov/), GEO (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/), and ICGC portal (https://dcc.icgc.org/projects/LIRI-JP).", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:32626741", "locator": "sections[18] \"Data Availability\" paragraph 2", "quote": "All the data used in the present study could be downloaded from TCGA (https://cancergenome.nih.gov/), GEO (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/), and ICGC portal (https://dcc.icgc.org/projects/LIRI-JP)."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": null, "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:32626741"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE14520"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE14520"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": []}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:32626741", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3765937", "sha256": 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Molecular Mechanisms of C2 in HCC", "row_count": 19, "column_count": 8}, "table": {"label": "Table 5", "caption": "Overlap of significant KEGG pathways enriched in HCC patients with higher C2 expression from the TCGA, GSE14520, and ICGC HCC cohorts.", "rows": [["ID", "Description", "TCGA cohort", "GSE14520 cohort", "ICGC cohort"], ["Count", "p.adjust", "Count", "p.adjust", "Count", "p.adjust"], ["hsa04110", "Cell cycle", "96", "0.000", "33", "0.003", "89", "0.000"], ["hsa04610", "Complement and coagulation cascades", "59", "0.000", "42", "0.000", "64", "0.000"], ["hsa04152", "AMPK signaling pathway", "61", "0.023", "34", "0.001", "58", "0.031"], ["hsa03320", "PPAR signaling pathway", "42", "0.014", "27", "0.000", "40", "0.025"], ["hsa04910", "Insulin signaling pathway", "80", "0.000", "28", "0.008", "66", "0.026"], ["hsa01200", "Carbon metabolism", "73", "0.000", "44", "0.000", "71", "0.000"], ["hsa00630", "Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism", "20", "0.012", "13", "0.002", "21", "0.004"], ["hsa00620", "Pyruvate metabolism", "27", "0.001", "13", "0.017", "25", "0.006"], ["hsa01230", "Biosynthesis of amino acids", "42", "0.011", "33", "0.000", "48", "0.000"], ["hsa00410", "Beta-alanine metabolism", "19", "0.039", "11", "0.021", "19", "0.030"], ["hsa00270", "Cysteine and methionine metabolism", "29", "0.017", "16", "0.008", "29", "0.012"], ["hsa05110", "Vibrio cholerae infection", "31", "0.006", "17", "0.004", "35", "0.000"], ["hsa00010", "Glycolysis/gluconeogenesis", "42", "0.001", "22", "0.002", "36", "0.029"], ["hsa04979", "Cholesterol metabolism", "36", "0.000", "19", "0.001", "37", "0.000"], ["hsa00280", "Valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation", "27", "0.042", "19", "0.000", "27", "0.029"], ["hsa00640", "Propanoate metabolism", "21", "0.027", "54", "0.000", "20", "0.041"], ["hsa00260", "Glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism", "23", "0.048", "16", "0.001", "26", "0.004"]], "row_count": 19, "column_count": 8, "numeric_cells": 120, "header_rows": 2, "locator": "section[13]/table-wrap[1]#tab5"}}], "gaps": ["asset:data:geo:GSE14520 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE14520 licence not read"]}, "analysis": {"state": "complete", "methods": [{"id": "method-1", "family": "group_comparison", "specific": "anova", "label": "Group comparison", "dsl_operations": ["group_summary", "welch_t", "bootstrap_mean_difference", "group_comparison_anova"], "missing_operations": [], "expressible": true, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": ["two_or_more_groups_continuous"], "evidence": {"score": 1.0, "band": "reordered", "quote": "Data were presented as the median. Unpaired Student's t-tests or ANOVA tests were performed to compare the difference of C2 expression between HCC patients and healthy controls/adjacent normal tissues or among HCC patients with different histologic grades or TNM stages. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were carried out to analyze the prognostic value of C2 expression, and Kaplan-Meier analysis with a two-sided log-rank test was also performed to compare the OS of HCC patients with high or low C2 expression. Additional statistical analysis was performed with STAMP [14]. In the present study, a total of three cohorts, including the TCGA HCC cohort, GSE14520 HCC cohort, and ICGC HCC cohort, were employed. mRNA expression and corresponding clinical-pathological parameters of the TCGA HCC cohort were downloaded from TCGA (https://cancergenome.nih.gov/)."}}, {"id": "method-2", "family": "survival_analysis", "specific": "kaplan_meier", "label": "Survival analysis", "dsl_operations": ["survival_km"], "missing_operations": [], "expressible": true, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": ["time_to_event_with_censoring"], "evidence": {"score": 0.8, "band": "high", "quote": "Kaplan-Meier"}}, {"id": "method-3", "family": "survival_analysis", "specific": "cox_proportional_hazards", "label": "Survival analysis", "dsl_operations": ["cox_ph"], "missing_operations": [], "expressible": true, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": ["time_to_event_with_censoring"], "evidence": {"score": 0.8, "band": "high", "quote": "Cox regression"}}, {"id": "method-4", "family": "survival_analysis", "specific": "log_rank_test", "label": "Survival analysis", "dsl_operations": ["logrank_test"], "missing_operations": [], "expressible": true, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": ["time_to_event_with_censoring"], "evidence": {"score": 0.8, "band": "high", "quote": "log-rank"}}], "targets": [], "gaps": []}, "capability": {"state": "complete", "requirements": [{"capability_id": "capability:computational_analysis", "label": "Computational analysis platform", "assay_families": ["meta_analysis", "machine_learning", "survival_analysis", "statistical_regression", "pca", "molecular_docking", "network_analysis", "differential_expression", "gwas"], "availability_state": "owned", "tier_unlocked": "R1", "candidate": "Automated Assays Laravel application and simulated adapters"}], "gaps": []}, "readiness": {"state": "complete", "tier": "R1", "blocking_axis": "none", "blocked_on": "nothing:replicable_now", "axes": {"method": {"tier": "R1", "expressible": true, "required_operations": ["group_summary", "welch_t", "bootstrap_mean_difference", "group_comparison_anova"], "missing_operations": [], "basis": "The paper names the method it used and the corpus's method extractor maps it onto the DSL catalogue: anova."}, "capability": {"tier": "R1", "capability_id": "capability:computational_analysis", "availability_state": "owned", "basis": "The computational analysis is owned. The physical bench the paper used is not, so a physical validation cannot be run here."}, "data": {"tier": "R1", "reachable": true, "accessions": ["GSE14520"], "resolved_accessions": ["GSE14520"], "statements": ["All the data used in the present study could be downloaded from TCGA (https://cancergenome.nih.gov/), GEO (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/), and ICGC portal (https://dcc.icgc.org/projects/LIRI-JP)."], "basis": "The paper names GSE14520 in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the accession resolves in the repository. 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