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pmid:32922167

Identification of Key Genes and Pathways in Myeloma side population cells by Bioinformatics Analysis.

Qin Yang · Kaihu Li · Xin Li · Jing Liu

International journal of medical sciences · 2020 doi:10.7150/ijms.48244

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Experiment

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title
Identification of Key Genes and Pathways in Myeloma side population cells by Bioinformatics Analysis.
doi
10.7150/ijms.48244
pmid
32922167
authors array · 4 items
[0]
Qin Yang
[1]
Kaihu Li
[2]
Xin Li
[3]
Jing Liu
journal
International journal of medical sciences
year
2020
abstract
Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy, which is still incurable and relapses inevitably, highlighting further understanding of the possible mechanisms. Side population (SP) cells are a group of enriched progenitor cells showing stem-like phenotypes with a distinct low-staining pattern with Hoechst 33342. Compared to main population (MP) cells, the underlying molecular characteristics of SP cells remain largely unclear. This bioinformatics analysis aimed to identify key genes and pathways in myeloma SP cells to provide novel biomarkers, predict MM prognosis and advance potential therapeutic targets. Methods: The gene expression profile GSE109651 was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus database, and then differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with P-value <0.05 and |log2 fold-change (FC)| > 2 were selected by the comparison of myeloma light-chain (LC) restricted SP (LC/SP) cells and MP CD138+ cells. Subsequently, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis were performed to identify the functional enrichment analysis of the DEGs and screen hub genes. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to select the potential prognostic DEGs in training dataset (GSE2658). The prognostic value of the potential prognostic genes was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier curve and validated in another external dataset (MMRF-CoMMpass cohort from TCGA). Results: Altogether, 403 up-regulated and 393 down-regulated DEGs were identified. GO analysis showed that the up-regulated DEGs were significantly enriched in innate immune response, inflammatory response, plasma membrane and integral component of membrane, while the down-regulated DEGs were mainly involved in protoporphyrinogen IX and heme biosynthetic process, hemoglobin complex and erythrocyte differentiation. KEGG pathway analysis suggested that the DEGs were significantly enriched in osteoclast differentiation, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. The top 10 hub genes, identified by the plug-in cytoHubba of the Cytoscape software using maximal clique centrality (MCC) algorithm, were ITGAM, MMP9, ITGB2, FPR2, C3AR1, CXCL1, CYBB, LILRB2, HP and FCER1G. Modules and corresponding GO enrichment analysis indicated that myeloma LC/SP cells were significantly associated with immune system, immune response and cell cycle. The predictive value of the prognostic model including TFF3, EPDR1, MACROD1, ARHGEF12, AMMECR1, NFATC2, HES6, PLEK2 and SNCA was identified, and validated in another external dataset (MMRF-CoMMpass cohort from TCGA). Conclusions: In conclusion, this study provides reliable molecular biomarkers for screening, prognosis, as well as novel therapeutic targets for myeloma LC/SP cells.
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Then, DEGs between LC/SP cells and MP CD138+ cells of MM were identified by an empirical Bayes method based on the “limma” package in R.
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sections[4] "Data processing and identification of DEGs of GSE109651" paragraph 3
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Then, DEGs between LC/SP cells and MP CD138+ cells of MM were identified by an empirical Bayes method based on the “limma” package in R.
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The gene expression dataset GSE109651 was obtained from GEO database. The microarray data of GSE109651, based on the GPL570 platform ([HG-U133_Plus_2] Affymetrix Human Genome U133A Plus 2.0 Array) and normalized using the MAS5 algorithm of the Affymetrix expression console version1.1 software (Affymetrix), includes 7-paired LC/SP cells and MP CD138+ cells of myeloma bone marrow from 7 diagnosed MM patients isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) using Hoechst 33342 and CD138 antibody.
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sections[3] "Microarray data profile" paragraph 2
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The gene expression dataset GSE109651 was obtained from GEO database. The microarray data of GSE109651, based on the GPL570 platform ([HG-U133_Plus_2] Affymetrix Human Genome U133A Plus 2.0 Array) and normalized using the MAS5 algorithm of the Affymetrix expression console version1.1 software (Affymetrix), includes 7-paired LC/SP cells and MP CD138+ cells of myeloma bone marrow from 7 diagnosed MM patients isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) using Hoechst 33342 and CD138 antibody.
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The gene expression dataset GSE109651 was obtained from GEO database. The microarray data of GSE109651, based on the GPL570 platform ([HG-U133_Plus_2] Affymetrix Human Genome U133A Plus 2.0 Array) and normalized using the MAS5 algorithm of the Affymetrix expression console version1.1 software (Affymetrix), includes 7-paired LC/SP cells and MP CD138+ cells of myeloma bone marrow from 7 diagnosed MM patients isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) using Hoechst 33342 and CD138 antibody.
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GSM95681
[414]
GSM95682
[415]
GSM95683
[416]
GSM95684
[417]
GSM95685
[418]
GSM95686
[419]
GSM95687
[420]
GSM95688
[421]
GSM95689
[422]
GSM95690
[423]
GSM95691
[424]
GSM95692
[425]
GSM95693
[426]
GSM95694
[427]
GSM95695
[428]
GSM95696
[429]
GSM95697
[430]
GSM95698
[431]
GSM95699
[432]
GSM95700
[433]
GSM95701
[434]
GSM95702
[435]
GSM95703
[436]
GSM95704
[437]
GSM95705
[438]
GSM95706
[439]
GSM95707
[440]
GSM95708
[441]
GSM95709
[442]
GSM95710
[443]
GSM95711
[444]
GSM95712
[445]
GSM95713
[446]
GSM95714
[447]
GSM95715
[448]
GSM95716
[449]
GSM95717
[450]
GSM95718
[451]
GSM95719
[452]
GSM95720
[453]
GSM95721
[454]
GSM95722
[455]
GSM95723
[456]
GSM95724
[457]
GSM95725
[458]
GSM95726
[459]
GSM95727
[460]
GSM95728
[461]
GSM95729
[462]
GSM95730
[463]
GSM95731
[464]
GSM95732
[465]
GSM95733
[466]
GSM95734
[467]
GSM95735
[468]
GSM95736
[469]
GSM95737
[470]
GSM95738
[471]
GSM95739
[472]
GSM95740
[473]
GSM95741
[474]
GSM95742
[475]
GSM95743
[476]
GSM95744
[477]
GSM95745
[478]
GSM95746
[479]
GSM95747
[480]
GSM95748
[481]
GSM95749
[482]
GSM95750
[483]
GSM95751
[484]
GSM95752
[485]
GSM95753
[486]
GSM95754
[487]
GSM95755
[488]
GSM95756
[489]
GSM95757
[490]
GSM95758
[491]
GSM95759
[492]
GSM95760
[493]
GSM95761
[494]
GSM95762
[495]
GSM95763
[496]
GSM95764
[497]
GSM95765
[498]
GSM95766
[499]
GSM95767
[500]
GSM95768
[501]
GSM95769
[502]
GSM95770
[503]
GSM95771
[504]
GSM95772
[505]
GSM95773
[506]
GSM95774
[507]
GSM95775
[508]
GSM95776
[509]
GSM95777
[510]
GSM95778
[511]
GSM95779
[512]
GSM95780
[513]
GSM95781
[514]
GSM95782
[515]
GSM95783
[516]
GSM95784
[517]
GSM95785
[518]
GSM95786
[519]
GSM95787
[520]
GSM95788
[521]
GSM95789
[522]
GSM95790
[523]
GSM95791
[524]
GSM95792
[525]
GSM95793
[526]
GSM95794
[527]
GSM95795
[528]
GSM95796
[529]
GSM95797
[530]
GSM95798
[531]
GSM95799
[532]
GSM95800
[533]
GSM95801
[534]
GSM95802
[535]
GSM95803
[536]
GSM95804
[537]
GSM95805
[538]
GSM95806
[539]
GSM95807
[540]
GSM95808
[541]
GSM95809
[542]
GSM95810
[543]
GSM95811
[544]
GSM95812
[545]
GSM95813
[546]
GSM95814
[547]
GSM95815
[548]
GSM95816
[549]
GSM95817
[550]
GSM95818
[551]
GSM95819
[552]
GSM95820
[553]
GSM95821
[554]
GSM95822
[555]
GSM95823
[556]
GSM95824
[557]
GSM95825
[558]
GSM95826
sample_count
559
group_sizes
null
group_sizes_basis
null
platform
570
taxon
Homo sapiens
title
Gene Expression Profiles of Multiple Myeloma
resolution_checked_at
2026-11-01T15:39:54Z
resolution_check
identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read
downloaded
false
licence_read
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The top 5 significantly enriched GO terms and corresponding gene information in module analysis
structure object · 5 fields
pmcid
PMC7484674
section_index
6
section_title
PPI network construction and modular analysis
row_count
16
column_count
7
table object · 8 fields
label
Table 4
caption
The top 5 significantly enriched GO terms and corresponding gene information in module analysis
rows array · 16 items
[0] array · 7 items
[0]
Modules
[1]
GO-ID
[2]
P-value
[3]
corr P-value
[4]
x
[5]
Description
[6]
Genes in test set
[1] array · 7 items
[0]
[1]
6952
[2]
2.31E-16
[3]
2.51E-13
[4]
20
[5]
defense response
[6]
ORM1|CRISP3|ITGB2|HP|CYBB|RAB27A|CXCL1|FPR2|LILRB2|PLD1|CFP|CLEC4D|CLEC5A|C3AR1|LCN2|OLR1|PTX3|PGLYRP1|CAMP|LTF
[2] array · 7 items
[0]
[1]
2376
[2]
6.99E-13
[3]
3.80E-10
[4]
20
[5]
immune system process
[6]
ITGAM|ARG1|CRISP3|ITGB2|CYBB|RAB27A|CXCL1|LILRB2|CFP|MMP9|FCAR|CHIT1|BST1|CLEC4D|C3AR1|LCN2|PTX3|CEACAM8|PGLYRP1|LTF
[3] array · 7 items
[0]
module 1
[1]
6955
[2]
1.24E-11
[3]
4.49E-09
[4]
16
[5]
immune response
[6]
ARG1|CRISP3|CYBB|RAB27A|CXCL1|LILRB2|CFP|FCAR|CHIT1|BST1|CLEC4D|LCN2|PTX3|CEACAM8|PGLYRP1|LTF
[4] array · 7 items
[0]
[1]
5576
[2]
3.52E-10
[3]
9.56E-08
[4]
24
[5]
extracellular region
[6]
ORM1|ARG1|CRISP3|HP|CXCL1|RETN|OLFM4|MMP8|CFP|MMP9|FCAR|CHIT1|TCN1|CEACAM1|SLPI|LCN2|OLR1|CHI3L1|PTX3|CEACAM8|FOLR3|PGLYRP1|CAMP|LTF
[5] array · 7 items
[0]
[1]
30246
[2]
6.48E-09
[3]
1.38E-06
[4]
11
[5]
carbohydrate binding
[6]
CHIT1|ITGAM|CLEC4D|CLEC12A|ARG1|CLEC5A|OLR1|CHI3L1|PTX3|PGLYRP1|LTF
[6] array · 7 items
[0]
[1]
22403
[2]
2.21E-18
[3]
1.13E-15
[4]
14
[5]
cell cycle phase
[6]
PLK1|CDCA8|CDC25C|NDC80|CDC20|CCNB2|ASPM|KIFC1|CDK1|PBK|RAD54L|OIP5|DLGAP5|CDKN3
[7] array · 7 items
[0]
[1]
7049
[2]
3.54E-18
[3]
1.13E-15
[4]
16
[5]
cell cycle
[6]
PLK1|HJURP|CDCA8|CDC25C|NDC80|CDC20|CCNB2|ASPM|KIFC1|CDK1|PBK|RAD54L|OIP5|DLGAP5|CDKN3|E2F8
[8] array · 7 items
[0]
module 2
[1]
87
[2]
6.92E-18
[3]
1.48E-15
[4]
12
[5]
M phase of mitotic cell cycle
[6]
CDC20|CCNB2|ASPM|KIFC1|PLK1|CDK1|PBK|CDCA8|OIP5|CDC25C|NDC80|DLGAP5
[9] array · 7 items
[0]
[1]
279
[2]
9.72E-18
[3]
1.56E-15
[4]
13
[5]
M phase
[6]
PLK1|CDCA8|CDC25C|NDC80|CDC20|CCNB2|ASPM|KIFC1|CDK1|PBK|RAD54L|OIP5|DLGAP5
[10] array · 7 items
[0]
[1]
278
[2]
2.74E-17
[3]
3.51E-15
[4]
13
[5]
mitotic cell cycle
[6]
PLK1|CDCA8|CDC25C|NDC80|CDC20|CCNB2|ASPM|KIFC1|CDK1|PBK|OIP5|DLGAP5|CDKN3
[11] array · 7 items
[0]
[1]
7186
[2]
1.94E-08
[3]
8.23E-06
[4]
7
[5]
G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
[6]
CXCL12|CXCR1|CXCR2|PNOC|NMU|ADCY4|APLNR
[12] array · 7 items
[0]
[1]
42330
[2]
8.82E-08
[3]
1.25E-05
[4]
5
[5]
taxis
[6]
CXCL6|CXCL12|CXCR1|CCL5|CXCR2
[13] array · 7 items
[0]
module 3
[1]
6935
[2]
8.82E-08
[3]
1.25E-05
[4]
5
[5]
chemotaxis
[6]
CXCL6|CXCL12|CXCR1|CCL5|CXCR2
[14] array · 7 items
[0]
[1]
7610
[2]
4.59E-07
[3]
4.18E-05
[4]
6
[5]
behavior
[6]
CXCL6|CXCL12|CXCR1|CCL5|CXCR2|NMU
[15] array · 7 items
[0]
[1]
4918
[2]
4.93E-07
[3]
4.18E-05
[4]
2
[5]
interleukin-8 receptor activity
[6]
CXCR1|CXCR2
locator
section[13]/table-wrap[1]#T4
[4] object · 16 fields
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asset:table:pmid:32922167:2
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Detailed information on the top 10 DEGs in the analysis
structure object · 5 fields
pmcid
PMC7484674
section_index
10
section_title
Identification of DEGs
row_count
11
column_count
8
table object · 8 fields
label
Table 1
caption
Detailed information on the top 10 DEGs in the analysis
rows array · 11 items
[0] array · 8 items
[0]
Symbol
[1]
Name
[2]
AveExpr
[3]
t
[4]
P-Value
[5]
adj.P-Val
[6]
B
[7]
logFC
[1] array · 8 items
[0]
SLC27A5
[1]
solute carrier family 27 member 5
[2]
6.641
[3]
-9.704
[4]
7.23E-08
[5]
1.46E-03
[6]
7.969
[7]
-2.685
[2] array · 8 items
[0]
MARCHF11
[1]
membrane associated ring-CH-type finger 11
[2]
4.541
[3]
7.686
[4]
1.38E-06
[5]
1.16E-02
[6]
5.451
[7]
3.293
[3] array · 8 items
[0]
RBFA
[1]
ribosome binding factor A
[2]
6.812
[3]
-7.379
[4]
2.26E-06
[5]
1.16E-02
[6]
5.015
[7]
-3.401
[4] array · 8 items
[0]
GFI1B
[1]
growth factor independent 1B transcriptional repressor
[2]
6.468
[3]
-6.874
[4]
5.21E-06
[5]
1.16E-02
[6]
4.267
[7]
-4.616
[5] array · 8 items
[0]
ECI2
[1]
enoyl-CoA delta isomerase 2
[2]
9.317
[3]
-6.799
[4]
5.91E-06
[5]
1.16E-02
[6]
4.152
[7]
-3.099
[6] array · 8 items
[0]
SNRK-AS1
[1]
SNRK antisense RNA 1
[2]
7.699
[3]
6.755
[4]
6.38E-06
[5]
1.16E-02
[6]
4.084
[7]
2.448
[7] array · 8 items
[0]
PTK2
[1]
protein tyrosine kinase 2
[2]
6.761
[3]
-6.680
[4]
7.25E-06
[5]
1.16E-02
[6]
3.968
[7]
-3.842
[8] array · 8 items
[0]
RPS6KL1
[1]
ribosomal protein S6 kinase like 1
[2]
6.489
[3]
-6.673
[4]
7.34E-06
[5]
1.16E-02
[6]
3.957
[7]
-2.658
[9] array · 8 items
[0]
LRRC45
[1]
leucine rich repeat containing 45
[2]
6.612
[3]
-6.639
[4]
7.78E-06
[5]
1.16E-02
[6]
3.903
[7]
-2.562
[10] array · 8 items
[0]
KBTBD7
[1]
kelch repeat and BTB domain containing 7
[2]
10.589
[3]
6.635
[4]
7.83E-06
[5]
1.16E-02
[6]
3.898
[7]
2.122
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Gene Ontology term enrichment analysis of DEGs in LC/SP cells of MM.
structure object · 5 fields
pmcid
PMC7484674
section_index
11
section_title
GO term enrichment analysis of DEGs
row_count
31
column_count
6
table object · 8 fields
label
Table 2
caption
Gene Ontology term enrichment analysis of DEGs in LC/SP cells of MM.
rows array · 31 items
[0] array · 6 items
[0]
Expression
[1]
Category
[2]
ID
[3]
Term
[4]
Count
[5]
PValue
[1] array · 6 items
[0]
[1]
BP
[2]
GO:0045087
[3]
innate immune response
[4]
28
[5]
3.13E-09
[2] array · 6 items
[0]
[1]
BP
[2]
GO:0006954
[3]
inflammatory response
[4]
25
[5]
2.07E-08
[3] array · 6 items
[0]
[1]
BP
[2]
GO:0006955
[3]
immune response
[4]
20
[5]
8.02E-05
[4] array · 6 items
[0]
[1]
BP
[2]
GO:0006691
[3]
leukotriene metabolic process
[4]
5
[5]
8.69E-05
[5] array · 6 items
[0]
[1]
BP
[2]
GO:0030593
[3]
neutrophil chemotaxis
[4]
8
[5]
1.07E-04
[6] array · 6 items
[0]
[1]
CC
[2]
GO:0005886
[3]
plasma membrane
[4]
122
[5]
1.23E-11
[7] array · 6 items
[0]
[1]
CC
[2]
GO:0016021
[3]
integral component of membrane
[4]
131
[5]
5.17E-08
[8] array · 6 items
[0]
UP-DEGs
[1]
CC
[2]
GO:0005615
[3]
extracellular space
[4]
48
[5]
1.22E-06
[9] array · 6 items
[0]
[1]
CC
[2]
GO:0042581
[3]
specific granule
[4]
6
[5]
1.47E-06
[10] array · 6 items
[0]
[1]
CC
[2]
GO:0005887
[3]
integral component of plasma membrane
[4]
46
[5]
2.27E-05
[11] array · 6 items
[0]
[1]
MF
[2]
GO:0030246
[3]
carbohydrate binding
[4]
12
[5]
4.29E-04
[12] array · 6 items
[0]
[1]
MF
[2]
GO:0005509
[3]
calcium ion binding
[4]
24
[5]
1.91E-03
[13] array · 6 items
[0]
[1]
MF
[2]
GO:0050544
[3]
arachidonic acid binding
[4]
3
[5]
2.63E-03
[14] array · 6 items
[0]
[1]
MF
[2]
GO:0004198
[3]
calcium-dependent cysteine-type endopeptidase activity
[4]
4
[5]
4.76E-03
[15] array · 6 items
[0]
[1]
MF
[2]
GO:0005536
[3]
glucose binding
[4]
3
[5]
1.36E-02
[16] array · 6 items
[0]
[1]
BP
[2]
GO:0006782
[3]
protoporphyrinogen IX biosynthetic process
[4]
5
[5]
1.81E-05
[17] array · 6 items
[0]
[1]
BP
[2]
GO:0006783
[3]
heme biosynthetic process
[4]
6
[5]
4.80E-05
[18] array · 6 items
[0]
[1]
BP
[2]
GO:0030218
[3]
erythrocyte differentiation
[4]
7
[5]
1.31E-04
[19] array · 6 items
[0]
[1]
BP
[2]
GO:0006779
[3]
porphyrin-containing compound biosynthetic process
[4]
4
[5]
4.09E-04
[20] array · 6 items
[0]
[1]
BP
[2]
GO:0008283
[3]
cell proliferation
[4]
19
[5]
4.20E-04
[21] array · 6 items
[0]
[1]
CC
[2]
GO:0070062
[3]
extracellular exosome
[4]
84
[5]
2.77E-05
[22] array · 6 items
[0]
[1]
CC
[2]
GO:0005833
[3]
hemoglobin complex
[4]
5
[5]
5.86E-05
[23] array · 6 items
[0]
DOWN-DEGs
[1]
CC
[2]
GO:0014731
[3]
spectrin-associated cytoskeleton
[4]
4
[5]
3.66E-04
[24] array · 6 items
[0]
[1]
CC
[2]
GO:0015629
[3]
actin cytoskeleton
[4]
13
[5]
1.08E-03
[25] array · 6 items
[0]
[1]
CC
[2]
GO:0005739
[3]
mitochondrion
[4]
42
[5]
1.84E-03
[26] array · 6 items
[0]
[1]
MF
[2]
GO:0034987
[3]
immunoglobulin receptor binding
[4]
5
[5]
1.51E-03
[27] array · 6 items
[0]
[1]
MF
[2]
GO:0005344
[3]
oxygen transporter activity
[4]
4
[5]
2.28E-03
[28] array · 6 items
[0]
[1]
MF
[2]
GO:0004029
[3]
aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD) activity
[4]
4
[5]
4.07E-03
[29] array · 6 items
[0]
[1]
MF
[2]
GO:0051015
[3]
actin filament binding
[4]
9
[5]
4.36E-03
[30] array · 6 items
[0]
[1]
MF
[2]
GO:0004064
[3]
arylesterase activity
[4]
3
[5]
5.39E-03
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KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs in LC/SP cells of MM
structure object · 5 fields
pmcid
PMC7484674
section_index
12
section_title
KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs
row_count
11
column_count
5
table object · 8 fields
label
Table 3
caption
KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs in LC/SP cells of MM
rows array · 11 items
[0] array · 5 items
[0]
Expression
[1]
Category
[2]
Term
[3]
Count
[4]
P-Value
[1] array · 5 items
[0]
[1]
hsa04380
[2]
Osteoclast differentiation
[3]
11
[4]
1.50E-04
[2] array · 5 items
[0]
[1]
hsa04060
[2]
Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
[3]
14
[4]
5.51E-04
[3] array · 5 items
[0]
UP-DEGs
[1]
hsa05150
[2]
Staphylococcus aureus infection
[3]
6
[4]
3.15E-03
[4] array · 5 items
[0]
[1]
hsa04670
[2]
Leukocyte transendothelial migration
[3]
8
[4]
5.44E-03
[5] array · 5 items
[0]
[1]
hsa04514
[2]
Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)
[3]
8
[4]
1.64E-02
[6] array · 5 items
[0]
[1]
hsa00860
[2]
Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism
[3]
7
[4]
1.63E-04
[7] array · 5 items
[0]
[1]
hsa04640
[2]
Hematopoietic cell lineage
[3]
8
[4]
1.65E-03
[8] array · 5 items
[0]
DOWN-DEGs
[1]
hsa01100
[2]
Metabolic pathways
[3]
39
[4]
2.24E-03
[9] array · 5 items
[0]
[1]
hsa01130
[2]
Biosynthesis of antibiotics
[3]
12
[4]
3.24E-03
[10] array · 5 items
[0]
[1]
hsa04110
[2]
Cell cycle
[3]
8
[4]
1.16E-02
locator
section[12]/table-wrap[1]#T3
[7] object · 16 fields
id
asset:table:pmid:32922167:5
role
table
format
jats-table
media_type
application/vnd.jats.table+json
uri
null
sha256
sha256:9ebb20fec49ab5e02a17be5873a3eca6b650d7b081d824b1a148b6694fef80f7
bytes
2343
access
open
state
verified
reader
read_table
reader_status
available
identifier
section[13]/table-wrap[1]#T4
version
null
note
The top 5 significantly enriched GO terms and corresponding gene information in module analysis
structure object · 5 fields
pmcid
PMC7484674
section_index
13
section_title
PPI network construction and modular analysis
row_count
16
column_count
7
table object · 8 fields
label
Table 4
caption
The top 5 significantly enriched GO terms and corresponding gene information in module analysis
rows array · 16 items
[0] array · 7 items
[0]
Modules
[1]
GO-ID
[2]
P-value
[3]
corr P-value
[4]
x
[5]
Description
[6]
Genes in test set
[1] array · 7 items
[0]
[1]
6952
[2]
2.31E-16
[3]
2.51E-13
[4]
20
[5]
defense response
[6]
ORM1|CRISP3|ITGB2|HP|CYBB|RAB27A|CXCL1|FPR2|LILRB2|PLD1|CFP|CLEC4D|CLEC5A|C3AR1|LCN2|OLR1|PTX3|PGLYRP1|CAMP|LTF
[2] array · 7 items
[0]
[1]
2376
[2]
6.99E-13
[3]
3.80E-10
[4]
20
[5]
immune system process
[6]
ITGAM|ARG1|CRISP3|ITGB2|CYBB|RAB27A|CXCL1|LILRB2|CFP|MMP9|FCAR|CHIT1|BST1|CLEC4D|C3AR1|LCN2|PTX3|CEACAM8|PGLYRP1|LTF
[3] array · 7 items
[0]
module 1
[1]
6955
[2]
1.24E-11
[3]
4.49E-09
[4]
16
[5]
immune response
[6]
ARG1|CRISP3|CYBB|RAB27A|CXCL1|LILRB2|CFP|FCAR|CHIT1|BST1|CLEC4D|LCN2|PTX3|CEACAM8|PGLYRP1|LTF
[4] array · 7 items
[0]
[1]
5576
[2]
3.52E-10
[3]
9.56E-08
[4]
24
[5]
extracellular region
[6]
ORM1|ARG1|CRISP3|HP|CXCL1|RETN|OLFM4|MMP8|CFP|MMP9|FCAR|CHIT1|TCN1|CEACAM1|SLPI|LCN2|OLR1|CHI3L1|PTX3|CEACAM8|FOLR3|PGLYRP1|CAMP|LTF
[5] array · 7 items
[0]
[1]
30246
[2]
6.48E-09
[3]
1.38E-06
[4]
11
[5]
carbohydrate binding
[6]
CHIT1|ITGAM|CLEC4D|CLEC12A|ARG1|CLEC5A|OLR1|CHI3L1|PTX3|PGLYRP1|LTF
[6] array · 7 items
[0]
[1]
22403
[2]
2.21E-18
[3]
1.13E-15
[4]
14
[5]
cell cycle phase
[6]
PLK1|CDCA8|CDC25C|NDC80|CDC20|CCNB2|ASPM|KIFC1|CDK1|PBK|RAD54L|OIP5|DLGAP5|CDKN3
[7] array · 7 items
[0]
[1]
7049
[2]
3.54E-18
[3]
1.13E-15
[4]
16
[5]
cell cycle
[6]
PLK1|HJURP|CDCA8|CDC25C|NDC80|CDC20|CCNB2|ASPM|KIFC1|CDK1|PBK|RAD54L|OIP5|DLGAP5|CDKN3|E2F8
[8] array · 7 items
[0]
module 2
[1]
87
[2]
6.92E-18
[3]
1.48E-15
[4]
12
[5]
M phase of mitotic cell cycle
[6]
CDC20|CCNB2|ASPM|KIFC1|PLK1|CDK1|PBK|CDCA8|OIP5|CDC25C|NDC80|DLGAP5
[9] array · 7 items
[0]
[1]
279
[2]
9.72E-18
[3]
1.56E-15
[4]
13
[5]
M phase
[6]
PLK1|CDCA8|CDC25C|NDC80|CDC20|CCNB2|ASPM|KIFC1|CDK1|PBK|RAD54L|OIP5|DLGAP5
[10] array · 7 items
[0]
[1]
278
[2]
2.74E-17
[3]
3.51E-15
[4]
13
[5]
mitotic cell cycle
[6]
PLK1|CDCA8|CDC25C|NDC80|CDC20|CCNB2|ASPM|KIFC1|CDK1|PBK|OIP5|DLGAP5|CDKN3
[11] array · 7 items
[0]
[1]
7186
[2]
1.94E-08
[3]
8.23E-06
[4]
7
[5]
G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
[6]
CXCL12|CXCR1|CXCR2|PNOC|NMU|ADCY4|APLNR
[12] array · 7 items
[0]
[1]
42330
[2]
8.82E-08
[3]
1.25E-05
[4]
5
[5]
taxis
[6]
CXCL6|CXCL12|CXCR1|CCL5|CXCR2
[13] array · 7 items
[0]
module 3
[1]
6935
[2]
8.82E-08
[3]
1.25E-05
[4]
5
[5]
chemotaxis
[6]
CXCL6|CXCL12|CXCR1|CCL5|CXCR2
[14] array · 7 items
[0]
[1]
7610
[2]
4.59E-07
[3]
4.18E-05
[4]
6
[5]
behavior
[6]
CXCL6|CXCL12|CXCR1|CCL5|CXCR2|NMU
[15] array · 7 items
[0]
[1]
4918
[2]
4.93E-07
[3]
4.18E-05
[4]
2
[5]
interleukin-8 receptor activity
[6]
CXCR1|CXCR2
locator
section[13]/table-wrap[1]#T4
[8] object · 16 fields
id
asset:table:pmid:32922167:6
role
table
format
jats-table
media_type
application/vnd.jats.table+json
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null
sha256
sha256:6aa65f4bc94f525a827c06f5ec5fdc7b7b549ee501e2828caa8f2cb0bfa72b94
bytes
1558
access
open
state
verified
reader
read_table
reader_status
available
identifier
section[14]/table-wrap[1]#T5
version
null
note
The top 10 hub genes and their most relevant functions
structure object · 5 fields
pmcid
PMC7484674
section_index
14
section_title
Selection of hub genes from the PPI network
row_count
11
column_count
5
table object · 8 fields
label
Table 5
caption
The top 10 hub genes and their most relevant functions
rows array · 11 items
[0] array · 5 items
[0]
Symbol
[1]
Gene name
[2]
Degree
[3]
Relevant function
[4]
Reference
[1] array · 5 items
[0]
ITGAM
[1]
integrin subunit alpha M
[2]
78
[3]
A poor prognostic factor in MM and AML patients;
[4]
57-61
[2] array · 5 items
[0]
MMP9
[1]
Matrix metallopeptidase 9
[2]
64
[3]
Participates in the breakdown of extracellular matrix; Promotes invasion of MM;
[4]
73, 79-84
[3] array · 5 items
[0]
ITGB2
[1]
Integrin subunit beta 2
[2]
62
[3]
Involved in cell adhesion and cell-surface mediated signaling;Associated with drug resistance to chemotherapy in MM cell line;
[4]
63, 66
[4] array · 5 items
[0]
FPR2
[1]
Formyl-peptide receptor-2
[2]
52
[3]
Associated with invasion and metastasis of some cancers;
[4]
96-98
[5] array · 5 items
[0]
C3AR1
[1]
complement C3a receptor 1
[2]
51
[3]
Involved in drug resistance to chemotherapy in AML cell;Predicts overall survival of AML;
[4]
99
[6] array · 5 items
[0]
CXCL1
[1]
C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1
[2]
51
[3]
Associated with the growth and progression of some cancers;
[4]
100-102
[7] array · 5 items
[0]
CYBB
[1]
cytochrome b-245 beta chain
[2]
48
[3]
Involved in the progression of some cancers by promotion of angiogenesis;
[4]
103, 104
[8] array · 5 items
[0]
LILRB2
[1]
leukocyte immunoglobulin like receptor B2
[2]
46
[3]
Inhibits stimulation of an immune response; Promotes tumor progression;
[4]
105-107
[9] array · 5 items
[0]
HP
[1]
haptoglobin
[2]
44
[3]
NA
[4]
-
[10] array · 5 items
[0]
FCER1G
[1]
Fc fragment of IgE receptor Ig
[2]
43
[3]
Associated with disease progression in lymphoma and some solid cancers;Deficient expression represents T-cell immunodeficiency in CLL.
[4]
108-110
locator
section[14]/table-wrap[1]#T5
[9] object · 16 fields
id
asset:table:pmid:32922167:7
role
table
format
jats-table
media_type
application/vnd.jats.table+json
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null
sha256
sha256:44a716ac1f581a61b3fbdca3938d9df9b9fded60ad579cb3b8e16034905b2d93
bytes
763
access
open
state
verified
reader
read_table
reader_status
available
identifier
section[15]/table-wrap[1]#T6
version
null
note
Multivariate Cox regression analysis of 9 genes used for constructing the prognostic model
structure object · 5 fields
pmcid
PMC7484674
section_index
15
section_title
Survival analysis of DEGs
row_count
10
column_count
6
table object · 8 fields
label
Table 6
caption
Multivariate Cox regression analysis of 9 genes used for constructing the prognostic model
rows array · 10 items
[0] array · 6 items
[0]
Symbol
[1]
Coefficient
[2]
HR
[3]
Lower 95%CI
[4]
Upper 95%CI
[5]
P-value
[1] array · 6 items
[0]
TFF3
[1]
0.566
[2]
1.762
[3]
1.240
[4]
2.503
[5]
0.002
[2] array · 6 items
[0]
EPDR1
[1]
0.492
[2]
1.636
[3]
1.132
[4]
2.364
[5]
0.009
[3] array · 6 items
[0]
MACROD1
[1]
0.745
[2]
2.107
[3]
1.189
[4]
3.734
[5]
0.011
[4] array · 6 items
[0]
ARHGEF12
[1]
-0.540
[2]
0.583
[3]
0.389
[4]
0.874
[5]
0.009
[5] array · 6 items
[0]
AMMECR1
[1]
0.862
[2]
2.369
[3]
1.142
[4]
4.913
[5]
0.020
[6] array · 6 items
[0]
NFATC2
[1]
0.679
[2]
1.972
[3]
1.258
[4]
3.090
[5]
0.003
[7] array · 6 items
[0]
HES6
[1]
0.513
[2]
1.671
[3]
1.091
[4]
2.560
[5]
0.018
[8] array · 6 items
[0]
PLEK2
[1]
0.527
[2]
1.694
[3]
1.041
[4]
2.758
[5]
0.034
[9] array · 6 items
[0]
SNCA
[1]
0.759
[2]
2.135
[3]
1.216
[4]
3.749
[5]
0.008
locator
section[15]/table-wrap[1]#T6
gaps array · 4 items
[0]
asset:data:geo:GSE109651 not downloaded
[1]
asset:data:geo:GSE109651 licence not read
[2]
asset:data:geo:GSE2658 not downloaded
[3]
asset:data:geo:GSE2658 licence not read
analysis object · 4 fields
state
partial
methods array · 6 items
[0] object · 10 fields
id
method-1
family
differential_expression
specific
limma_voom
label
Differential expression analysis
dsl_operations array · 3 items
[0]
normalise_counts
[1]
differential_expression_fit
[2]
fdr_bh
missing_operations array · 0 items
parameters object · 0 fields
data_shapes array · 1 item
[0]
count_matrix_with_condition
evidence object · 3 fields
score
1
band
verbatim
quote
Then, DEGs between LC/SP cells and MP CD138+ cells of MM were identified by an empirical Bayes method based on the “limma” package in R.
[1] object · 10 fields
id
method-2
family
survival_analysis
specific
kaplan_meier
label
Survival analysis
dsl_operations array · 1 item
[0]
survival_km
missing_operations array · 0 items
parameters object · 0 fields
data_shapes array · 1 item
[0]
time_to_event_with_censoring
evidence object · 3 fields
score
0.7
band
medium
quote
Kaplan-Meier
[2] object · 10 fields
id
method-3
family
survival_analysis
specific
cox_proportional_hazards
label
Survival analysis
dsl_operations array · 1 item
[0]
cox_ph
missing_operations array · 0 items
parameters object · 0 fields
data_shapes array · 1 item
[0]
time_to_event_with_censoring
evidence object · 3 fields
score
0.7
band
medium
quote
Cox proportional hazards
[3] object · 10 fields
id
method-4
family
network_analysis
specific
ppi_network
label
Network / pathway analysis
dsl_operations array · 3 items
[0]
build_graph
[1]
centrality_scores
[2]
pathway_enrich
missing_operations array · 0 items
parameters object · 0 fields
data_shapes array · 1 item
[0]
edge_list
evidence object · 3 fields
score
0.7
band
medium
quote
protein-protein interaction
[4] object · 10 fields
id
method-5
family
network_analysis
specific
pathway_enrichment
label
Network / pathway analysis
dsl_operations array · 1 item
[0]
pathway_enrich
missing_operations array · 0 items
parameters object · 0 fields
data_shapes array · 1 item
[0]
edge_list
evidence object · 3 fields
score
0.7
band
medium
quote
pathway enrichment
[5] object · 10 fields
id
method-6
family
network_analysis
specific
centrality
label
Network / pathway analysis
dsl_operations array · 3 items
[0]
build_graph
[1]
centrality_scores
[2]
pathway_enrich
missing_operations array · 0 items
parameters object · 0 fields
data_shapes array · 1 item
[0]
edge_list
evidence object · 3 fields
score
0.7
band
medium
quote
centrality
targets array · 0 items
gaps array · 1 item
[0]
method.reader_differs_from_extractor
capability object · 3 fields
state
complete
requirements array · 1 item
[0] object · 6 fields
capability_id
capability:computational_analysis
label
Computational analysis platform
assay_families array · 9 items
[0]
meta_analysis
[1]
machine_learning
[2]
survival_analysis
[3]
statistical_regression
[4]
pca
[5]
molecular_docking
[6]
network_analysis
[7]
differential_expression
[8]
gwas
candidate
Automated Assays Laravel application and simulated adapters
gaps array · 0 items
readiness object · 8 fields
state
complete
tier
R1
blocked_on
nothing:replicable_now
axes object · 3 fields
method object · 5 fields
tier
R1
expressible
true
required_operations array · 3 items
[0]
normalise_counts
[1]
differential_expression_fit
[2]
fdr_bh
missing_operations array · 0 items
basis
The paper names the method it used and the corpus's method extractor maps it onto the DSL catalogue: limma_voom.
capability object · 4 fields
tier
R1
capability_id
capability:computational_analysis
availability_state
owned
basis
The computational analysis is owned. The physical bench the paper used is not, so a physical validation cannot be run here.
data object · 6 fields
tier
R1
reachable
true
accessions array · 2 items
[0]
GSE109651
[1]
GSE2658
resolved_accessions array · 2 items
[0]
GSE109651
[1]
GSE2658
statements array · 1 item
[0]
The gene expression dataset GSE109651 was obtained from GEO database. The microarray data of GSE109651, based on the GPL570 platform ([HG-U133_Plus_2] Affymetrix Human Genome U133A Plus 2.0 Array) and normalized using the MAS5 algorithm of the Affymetrix expression console version1.1 software (Affymetrix), includes 7-paired LC/SP cells and MP CD138+ cells of myeloma bone marrow from 7 diagnosed MM patients isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) using Hoechst 33342 and CD138 antibody.
basis
The paper names GSE109651, GSE2658 in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the accession resolves in the repository. No dataset was downloaded and no licence was read.
can_run object · 3 fields
dsl_operations array · 3 items
[0]
normalise_counts
[1]
differential_expression_fit
[2]
fdr_bh
assets array · 9 items
[0]
source:pmid:32922167
[1]
data:geo:GSE109651
[2]
asset:table:pmid:32922167:1
[3]
asset:table:pmid:32922167:2
[4]
asset:table:pmid:32922167:3
[5]
asset:table:pmid:32922167:4
[6]
asset:table:pmid:32922167:5
[7]
asset:table:pmid:32922167:6
[8]
asset:table:pmid:32922167:7
steps array · 1 item
[0]
run_analysis
must_build object · 5 fields
dsl_operations array · 0 items
converters array · 0 items
readers array · 0 items
capabilities array · 0 items
data_gaps array · 1 item
[0]
data:geo:GSE109651
gaps array · 0 items
review object · 5 fields
state
partial
machine_critique object · 5 fields
kind
extraction_review
reader object · 5 fields
model
MiniMax-M3.1-Flash
provider
minimax
provider_family
minimax
read_at
2026-10-31T18:22:34Z
independence
single_reader
evidence_check object · 2 fields
method
verbatim
availability
null
calls
3
usage object · 3 fields
prompt_tokens
45780
completion_tokens
1531
cached_tokens
776
stages array · 1 item
[0] object · 4 fields
id
extraction
state
complete
reader
MiniMax-M3.1-Flash
provider
minimax
gaps array · 3 items
[0]
review.independent_reader
[1]
review.machine_critique
[2]
review.human_critique
execution object · 5 fields
state
absent
status
not_run
mode
null
runs array · 0 items
gaps array · 1 item
[0]
execution.not_run
provenance object · 7 fields
entities array · 3 items
[0] object · 3 fields
id
pmid:32922167
type
paper
label
pmid:32922167
[1] object · 3 fields
id
source:pmid:32922167
type
manuscript
label
PMID 32922167 full text
[2] object · 3 fields
id
data:geo:GSE109651
type
dataset
label
GEO GSE109651
activities array · 3 items
[0] object · 4 fields
id
activity-reading-sci-2026-11-01
type
classification
used array · 3 items
[0] object · 3 fields
id
pmid:32922167
type
paper
label
pmid:32922167
[1] object · 3 fields
id
source:pmid:32922167
type
manuscript
label
PMID 32922167 full text
[2] object · 3 fields
id
data:geo:GSE109651
type
dataset
label
GEO GSE109651
agent
agent:corpus-assay-engine
[1] object · 4 fields
id
activity-read-32922167
type
extraction
used array · 1 item
[0]
source:pmid:32922167
agent
agent:minimax-reader
[2] object · 4 fields
id
activity-resolve-GSE109651
type
accession_resolution
used array · 1 item
[0]
data:geo:GSE109651
agent
agent:corpus-assay-engine
agents array · 2 items
[0] object · 3 fields
id
agent:corpus-assay-engine
type
software
label
Corpus assay engine
[1] object · 3 fields
id
agent:minimax-reader
type
software
label
MiniMax literature reader
source_run_id
reading-sci-2026-11-01
dsl_catalogue_fingerprint
343fb30756ba6ec3
capability_table_fingerprint
2cb3e42f047d2ecf
snapshot_id
ba34b49490d9bfaf
lineage object · 4 fields
parent_id
pmid:32922167
parent_hash
sha256:d98cf6e81110da51a9a71b7f6677ff8333520e4160809b0110663b3021b62db9
fork_of
null
gaps array · 9 items
[0]
asset:data:geo:GSE109651 licence not read
[1]
asset:data:geo:GSE109651 not downloaded
[2]
asset:data:geo:GSE2658 licence not read
[3]
asset:data:geo:GSE2658 not downloaded
[4]
execution.not_run
[5]
method.reader_differs_from_extractor
[6]
review.human_critique
[7]
review.independent_reader
[8]
review.machine_critique
assays array · 1 item
[0] object · 11 fields
role
analysis
definition_id
differential_expression
definition_version
f2132e96ae6c7a4e
required_operations array · 3 items
[0]
normalise_counts
[1]
differential_expression_fit
[2]
fdr_bh
support_state
supported
source_hashes object · 1 field
dsl_catalogue
f2132e96ae6c7a4e
evidence array · 1 item
[0]
Then, DEGs between LC/SP cells and MP CD138+ cells of MM were identified by an empirical Bayes method based on the “limma” package in R.
order_basis
analysis_only
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Complete file
{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:32922167", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 9, "content_hash": "sha256:d6588c17d2a8a4c7ec98551970df8e371f6013cd02ce03fb36e7eff14956dd55", "created_at": "2026-11-01T15:41:10Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:45:19Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Identification of Key Genes and Pathways in Myeloma side population cells by Bioinformatics Analysis.", "doi": "10.7150/ijms.48244", "pmid": "32922167", "authors": ["Qin Yang", "Kaihu Li", "Xin Li", "Jing Liu"], "journal": "International journal of medical sciences", "year": 2020, "abstract": "Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy, which is still incurable and relapses inevitably, highlighting further understanding of the possible mechanisms. Side population (SP) cells are a group of enriched progenitor cells showing stem-like phenotypes with a distinct low-staining pattern with Hoechst 33342. Compared to main population (MP) cells, the underlying molecular characteristics of SP cells remain largely unclear. This bioinformatics analysis aimed to identify key genes and pathways in myeloma SP cells to provide novel biomarkers, predict MM prognosis and advance potential therapeutic targets. Methods: The gene expression profile GSE109651 was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus database, and then differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with P-value <0.05 and |log2 fold-change (FC)| > 2 were selected by the comparison of myeloma light-chain (LC) restricted SP (LC/SP) cells and MP CD138+ cells. Subsequently, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis were performed to identify the functional enrichment analysis of the DEGs and screen hub genes. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to select the potential prognostic DEGs in training dataset (GSE2658). The prognostic value of the potential prognostic genes was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier curve and validated in another external dataset (MMRF-CoMMpass cohort from TCGA). Results: Altogether, 403 up-regulated and 393 down-regulated DEGs were identified. GO analysis showed that the up-regulated DEGs were significantly enriched in innate immune response, inflammatory response, plasma membrane and integral component of membrane, while the down-regulated DEGs were mainly involved in protoporphyrinogen IX and heme biosynthetic process, hemoglobin complex and erythrocyte differentiation. KEGG pathway analysis suggested that the DEGs were significantly enriched in osteoclast differentiation, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. The top 10 hub genes, identified by the plug-in cytoHubba of the Cytoscape software using maximal clique centrality (MCC) algorithm, were ITGAM, MMP9, ITGB2, FPR2, C3AR1, CXCL1, CYBB, LILRB2, HP and FCER1G. Modules and corresponding GO enrichment analysis indicated that myeloma LC/SP cells were significantly associated with immune system, immune response and cell cycle. The predictive value of the prognostic model including TFF3, EPDR1, MACROD1, ARHGEF12, AMMECR1, NFATC2, HES6, PLEK2 and SNCA was identified, and validated in another external dataset (MMRF-CoMMpass cohort from TCGA). Conclusions: In conclusion, this study provides reliable molecular biomarkers for screening, prognosis, as well as novel therapeutic targets for myeloma LC/SP cells.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "Then, DEGs between LC/SP cells and MP CD138+ cells of MM were identified by an empirical Bayes method based on the “limma” package in R.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:32922167", "locator": "sections[4] \"Data processing and identification of DEGs of GSE109651\" paragraph 3", "quote": "Then, DEGs between LC/SP cells and MP CD138+ cells of MM were identified by an empirical Bayes method based on the “limma” package in R."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The gene expression dataset GSE109651 was obtained from GEO database. The microarray data of GSE109651, based on the GPL570 platform ([HG-U133_Plus_2] Affymetrix Human Genome U133A Plus 2.0 Array) and normalized using the MAS5 algorithm of the Affymetrix expression console version1.1 software (Affymetrix), includes 7-paired LC/SP cells and MP CD138+ cells of myeloma bone marrow from 7 diagnosed MM patients isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) using Hoechst 33342 and CD138 antibody.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:32922167", "locator": "sections[3] \"Microarray data profile\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The gene expression dataset GSE109651 was obtained from GEO database. The microarray data of GSE109651, based on the GPL570 platform ([HG-U133_Plus_2] Affymetrix Human Genome U133A Plus 2.0 Array) and normalized using the MAS5 algorithm of the Affymetrix expression console version1.1 software (Affymetrix), includes 7-paired LC/SP cells and MP CD138+ cells of myeloma bone marrow from 7 diagnosed MM patients isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) using Hoechst 33342 and CD138 antibody."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": null, "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:32922167"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE109651"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE109651"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": []}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:32922167", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.48244", "sha256": "sha256:5b9991321047c5319e749af90e9ff7aef91133930fcc63aae88300fb8ce049f9", "bytes": 55327, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "10.7150/ijms.48244", "version": null, "note": "Full article fetched from PMC; the checksum covers the rendered section body, not the original XML bytes.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC7484674", "source": "europe_pmc_fulltext", "coverage": "whole_body", "text_hash_scope": "rendered_section_body"}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE109651", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE109651", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE109651", "version": null, "note": "The gene expression dataset GSE109651 was obtained from GEO database. 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The microarray data of GSE109651, based on the GPL570 platform ([HG-U133_Plus_2] Affymetrix Human Genome U133A Plus 2.0 Array) and normalized using the MAS5 algorithm of the Affymetrix expression console version1.1 software (Affymetrix), includes 7-paired LC/SP cells and MP CD138+ cells of myeloma bone marrow from 7 diagnosed MM patients isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) using Hoechst 33342 and CD138 antibody.", "access_statement_kind": "repository_route_statement", "sample_accessions": ["GSM2947875", "GSM2947876", "GSM2947877", "GSM2947878", "GSM2947879", "GSM2947880", "GSM2947881", "GSM2947882", "GSM2947883", "GSM2947884", "GSM2947885", "GSM2947886", "GSM2947887", "GSM2947888"], "sample_count": 14, "group_sizes": null, "group_sizes_basis": null, "platform": "570", "taxon": "Homo sapiens", "title": "Gene Expression Profiles of Multiple Myeloma from the sorted SP/LC and CD138+ cells", "resolution_checked_at": "2026-11-01T15:39:54Z", "resolution_check": "identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE2658", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE2658", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE2658", "version": null, "note": "The gene expression dataset GSE109651 was obtained from GEO database. 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"version": null, "note": "The top 5 significantly enriched GO terms and corresponding gene information in module analysis", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC7484674", "section_index": 6, "section_title": "PPI network construction and modular analysis", "row_count": 16, "column_count": 7}, "table": {"label": "Table 4", "caption": "The top 5 significantly enriched GO terms and corresponding gene information in module analysis", "rows": [["Modules", "GO-ID", "P-value", "corr P-value", "x", "Description", "Genes in test set"], ["", "6952", "2.31E-16", "2.51E-13", "20", "defense response", "ORM1|CRISP3|ITGB2|HP|CYBB|RAB27A|CXCL1|FPR2|LILRB2|PLD1|CFP|CLEC4D|CLEC5A|C3AR1|LCN2|OLR1|PTX3|PGLYRP1|CAMP|LTF"], ["", "2376", "6.99E-13", "3.80E-10", "20", "immune system process", "ITGAM|ARG1|CRISP3|ITGB2|CYBB|RAB27A|CXCL1|LILRB2|CFP|MMP9|FCAR|CHIT1|BST1|CLEC4D|C3AR1|LCN2|PTX3|CEACAM8|PGLYRP1|LTF"], ["module 1", "6955", "1.24E-11", "4.49E-09", "16", "immune response", "ARG1|CRISP3|CYBB|RAB27A|CXCL1|LILRB2|CFP|FCAR|CHIT1|BST1|CLEC4D|LCN2|PTX3|CEACAM8|PGLYRP1|LTF"], ["", "5576", "3.52E-10", "9.56E-08", "24", "extracellular region", "ORM1|ARG1|CRISP3|HP|CXCL1|RETN|OLFM4|MMP8|CFP|MMP9|FCAR|CHIT1|TCN1|CEACAM1|SLPI|LCN2|OLR1|CHI3L1|PTX3|CEACAM8|FOLR3|PGLYRP1|CAMP|LTF"], ["", "30246", "6.48E-09", "1.38E-06", "11", "carbohydrate binding", "CHIT1|ITGAM|CLEC4D|CLEC12A|ARG1|CLEC5A|OLR1|CHI3L1|PTX3|PGLYRP1|LTF"], ["", "22403", "2.21E-18", "1.13E-15", "14", "cell cycle phase", "PLK1|CDCA8|CDC25C|NDC80|CDC20|CCNB2|ASPM|KIFC1|CDK1|PBK|RAD54L|OIP5|DLGAP5|CDKN3"], ["", "7049", "3.54E-18", "1.13E-15", "16", "cell cycle", "PLK1|HJURP|CDCA8|CDC25C|NDC80|CDC20|CCNB2|ASPM|KIFC1|CDK1|PBK|RAD54L|OIP5|DLGAP5|CDKN3|E2F8"], ["module 2", "87", "6.92E-18", "1.48E-15", "12", "M phase of mitotic cell cycle", "CDC20|CCNB2|ASPM|KIFC1|PLK1|CDK1|PBK|CDCA8|OIP5|CDC25C|NDC80|DLGAP5"], ["", "279", "9.72E-18", "1.56E-15", "13", "M phase", 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factor independent 1B transcriptional repressor", "6.468", "-6.874", "5.21E-06", "1.16E-02", "4.267", "-4.616"], ["ECI2", "enoyl-CoA delta isomerase 2", "9.317", "-6.799", "5.91E-06", "1.16E-02", "4.152", "-3.099"], ["SNRK-AS1", "SNRK antisense RNA 1", "7.699", "6.755", "6.38E-06", "1.16E-02", "4.084", "2.448"], ["PTK2", "protein tyrosine kinase 2", "6.761", "-6.680", "7.25E-06", "1.16E-02", "3.968", "-3.842"], ["RPS6KL1", "ribosomal protein S6 kinase like 1", "6.489", "-6.673", "7.34E-06", "1.16E-02", "3.957", "-2.658"], ["LRRC45", "leucine rich repeat containing 45", "6.612", "-6.639", "7.78E-06", "1.16E-02", "3.903", "-2.562"], ["KBTBD7", "kelch repeat and BTB domain containing 7", "10.589", "6.635", "7.83E-06", "1.16E-02", "3.898", "2.122"]], "row_count": 11, "column_count": 8, "numeric_cells": 72, "header_rows": 1, "locator": "section[10]/table-wrap[1]#T1"}}, {"id": "asset:table:pmid:32922167:3", "role": "table", "format": "jats-table", "media_type": 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"BP", "GO:0030593", "neutrophil chemotaxis", "8", "1.07E-04"], ["", "CC", "GO:0005886", "plasma membrane", "122", "1.23E-11"], ["", "CC", "GO:0016021", "integral component of membrane", "131", "5.17E-08"], ["UP-DEGs", "CC", "GO:0005615", "extracellular space", "48", "1.22E-06"], ["", "CC", "GO:0042581", "specific granule", "6", "1.47E-06"], ["", "CC", "GO:0005887", "integral component of plasma membrane", "46", "2.27E-05"], ["", "MF", "GO:0030246", "carbohydrate binding", "12", "4.29E-04"], ["", "MF", "GO:0005509", "calcium ion binding", "24", "1.91E-03"], ["", "MF", "GO:0050544", "arachidonic acid binding", "3", "2.63E-03"], ["", "MF", "GO:0004198", "calcium-dependent cysteine-type endopeptidase activity", "4", "4.76E-03"], ["", "MF", "GO:0005536", "glucose binding", "3", "1.36E-02"], ["", "BP", "GO:0006782", "protoporphyrinogen IX biosynthetic process", "5", "1.81E-05"], ["", "BP", "GO:0006783", "heme biosynthetic process", "6", "4.80E-05"], ["", "BP", "GO:0030218", "erythrocyte 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"hsa05150", "Staphylococcus aureus infection", "6", "3.15E-03"], ["", "hsa04670", "Leukocyte transendothelial migration", "8", "5.44E-03"], ["", "hsa04514", "Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)", "8", "1.64E-02"], ["", "hsa00860", "Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism", "7", "1.63E-04"], ["", "hsa04640", "Hematopoietic cell lineage", "8", "1.65E-03"], ["DOWN-DEGs", "hsa01100", "Metabolic pathways", "39", "2.24E-03"], ["", "hsa01130", "Biosynthesis of antibiotics", "12", "3.24E-03"], ["", "hsa04110", "Cell cycle", "8", "1.16E-02"]], "row_count": 11, "column_count": 5, "numeric_cells": 30, "header_rows": 1, "locator": "section[12]/table-wrap[1]#T3"}}, {"id": "asset:table:pmid:32922167:5", "role": "table", "format": "jats-table", "media_type": "application/vnd.jats.table+json", "uri": null, "sha256": "sha256:9ebb20fec49ab5e02a17be5873a3eca6b650d7b081d824b1a148b6694fef80f7", "bytes": 2343, "access": "open", "state": "verified", "reader": "read_table", "reader_status": "available", "identifier": 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"ARG1|CRISP3|CYBB|RAB27A|CXCL1|LILRB2|CFP|FCAR|CHIT1|BST1|CLEC4D|LCN2|PTX3|CEACAM8|PGLYRP1|LTF"], ["", "5576", "3.52E-10", "9.56E-08", "24", "extracellular region", "ORM1|ARG1|CRISP3|HP|CXCL1|RETN|OLFM4|MMP8|CFP|MMP9|FCAR|CHIT1|TCN1|CEACAM1|SLPI|LCN2|OLR1|CHI3L1|PTX3|CEACAM8|FOLR3|PGLYRP1|CAMP|LTF"], ["", "30246", "6.48E-09", "1.38E-06", "11", "carbohydrate binding", "CHIT1|ITGAM|CLEC4D|CLEC12A|ARG1|CLEC5A|OLR1|CHI3L1|PTX3|PGLYRP1|LTF"], ["", "22403", "2.21E-18", "1.13E-15", "14", "cell cycle phase", "PLK1|CDCA8|CDC25C|NDC80|CDC20|CCNB2|ASPM|KIFC1|CDK1|PBK|RAD54L|OIP5|DLGAP5|CDKN3"], ["", "7049", "3.54E-18", "1.13E-15", "16", "cell cycle", "PLK1|HJURP|CDCA8|CDC25C|NDC80|CDC20|CCNB2|ASPM|KIFC1|CDK1|PBK|RAD54L|OIP5|DLGAP5|CDKN3|E2F8"], ["module 2", "87", "6.92E-18", "1.48E-15", "12", "M phase of mitotic cell cycle", "CDC20|CCNB2|ASPM|KIFC1|PLK1|CDK1|PBK|CDCA8|OIP5|CDC25C|NDC80|DLGAP5"], ["", "279", "9.72E-18", "1.56E-15", "13", "M phase", "PLK1|CDCA8|CDC25C|NDC80|CDC20|CCNB2|ASPM|KIFC1|CDK1|PBK|RAD54L|OIP5|DLGAP5"], ["", "278", "2.74E-17", "3.51E-15", "13", "mitotic cell cycle", "PLK1|CDCA8|CDC25C|NDC80|CDC20|CCNB2|ASPM|KIFC1|CDK1|PBK|OIP5|DLGAP5|CDKN3"], ["", "7186", "1.94E-08", "8.23E-06", "7", "G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway", "CXCL12|CXCR1|CXCR2|PNOC|NMU|ADCY4|APLNR"], ["", "42330", "8.82E-08", "1.25E-05", "5", "taxis", "CXCL6|CXCL12|CXCR1|CCL5|CXCR2"], ["module 3", "6935", "8.82E-08", "1.25E-05", "5", "chemotaxis", "CXCL6|CXCL12|CXCR1|CCL5|CXCR2"], ["", "7610", "4.59E-07", "4.18E-05", "6", "behavior", "CXCL6|CXCL12|CXCR1|CCL5|CXCR2|NMU"], ["", "4918", "4.93E-07", "4.18E-05", "2", "interleukin-8 receptor activity", "CXCR1|CXCR2"]], "row_count": 16, "column_count": 7, "numeric_cells": 77, "header_rows": 1, "locator": "section[13]/table-wrap[1]#T4"}}, {"id": "asset:table:pmid:32922167:6", "role": "table", "format": "jats-table", "media_type": "application/vnd.jats.table+json", "uri": null, "sha256": "sha256:6aa65f4bc94f525a827c06f5ec5fdc7b7b549ee501e2828caa8f2cb0bfa72b94", "bytes": 1558, "access": "open", "state": "verified", "reader": "read_table", "reader_status": "available", "identifier": "section[14]/table-wrap[1]#T5", "version": null, "note": "The top 10 hub genes and their most relevant functions", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC7484674", "section_index": 14, "section_title": "Selection of hub genes from the PPI network", "row_count": 11, "column_count": 5}, "table": {"label": "Table 5", "caption": "The top 10 hub genes and their most relevant functions", "rows": [["Symbol", "Gene name", "Degree", "Relevant function", "Reference"], ["ITGAM", "integrin subunit alpha M", "78", "A poor prognostic factor in MM and AML patients;", "57-61"], ["MMP9", "Matrix metallopeptidase 9", "64", "Participates in the breakdown of extracellular matrix; Promotes invasion of MM;", "73, 79-84"], ["ITGB2", "Integrin subunit beta 2", "62", "Involved in cell adhesion and cell-surface mediated signaling;Associated with drug resistance to chemotherapy in MM cell line;", "63, 66"], ["FPR2", "Formyl-peptide receptor-2", "52", "Associated with invasion and metastasis of some cancers;", "96-98"], ["C3AR1", "complement C3a receptor 1", "51", "Involved in drug resistance to chemotherapy in AML cell;Predicts overall survival of AML;", "99"], ["CXCL1", "C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1", "51", "Associated with the growth and progression of some cancers;", "100-102"], ["CYBB", "cytochrome b-245 beta chain", "48", "Involved in the progression of some cancers by promotion of angiogenesis;", "103, 104"], ["LILRB2", "leukocyte immunoglobulin like receptor B2", "46", "Inhibits stimulation of an immune response; Promotes tumor progression;", "105-107"], ["HP", "haptoglobin", "44", "NA", "-"], ["FCER1G", "Fc fragment of IgE receptor Ig", "43", "Associated with disease progression in lymphoma and some solid cancers;Deficient expression represents T-cell immunodeficiency in CLL.", "108-110"]], 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No dataset was downloaded and no licence was read."}}, "can_run": {"dsl_operations": ["normalise_counts", "differential_expression_fit", "fdr_bh"], "assets": ["source:pmid:32922167", "data:geo:GSE109651", "asset:table:pmid:32922167:1", "asset:table:pmid:32922167:2", "asset:table:pmid:32922167:3", "asset:table:pmid:32922167:4", "asset:table:pmid:32922167:5", "asset:table:pmid:32922167:6", "asset:table:pmid:32922167:7"], "steps": ["run_analysis"]}, "must_build": {"dsl_operations": [], "converters": [], "readers": [], "capabilities": [], "data_gaps": ["data:geo:GSE109651"]}, "gaps": []}, "review": {"state": "partial", "machine_critique": {"kind": "extraction_review", "reader": {"model": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "provider": "minimax", "provider_family": "minimax", "read_at": "2026-10-31T18:22:34Z", "independence": "single_reader"}, "evidence_check": {"method": "verbatim", "availability": null}, "calls": 3, "usage": {"prompt_tokens": 45780, "completion_tokens": 1531, "cached_tokens": 776}}, "human_critique": null, "stages": [{"id": "extraction", "state": "complete", "reader": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "provider": "minimax"}], "gaps": ["review.independent_reader", "review.machine_critique", "review.human_critique"]}, "execution": {"state": "absent", "status": "not_run", "mode": null, "runs": [], "gaps": ["execution.not_run"]}, "provenance": {"entities": [{"id": "pmid:32922167", "type": "paper", "label": "pmid:32922167"}, {"id": "source:pmid:32922167", "type": "manuscript", "label": "PMID 32922167 full text"}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE109651", "type": "dataset", "label": "GEO GSE109651"}], "activities": [{"id": "activity-reading-sci-2026-11-01", "type": "classification", "used": [{"id": "pmid:32922167", "type": "paper", "label": "pmid:32922167"}, {"id": "source:pmid:32922167", "type": "manuscript", "label": "PMID 32922167 full text"}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE109651", "type": "dataset", "label": "GEO GSE109651"}], "agent": "agent:corpus-assay-engine"}, {"id": "activity-read-32922167", "type": "extraction", "used": ["source:pmid:32922167"], "agent": "agent:minimax-reader"}, {"id": "activity-resolve-GSE109651", "type": "accession_resolution", "used": ["data:geo:GSE109651"], "agent": "agent:corpus-assay-engine"}], "agents": [{"id": "agent:corpus-assay-engine", "type": "software", "label": "Corpus assay engine"}, {"id": "agent:minimax-reader", "type": "software", "label": "MiniMax literature reader"}], "source_run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01", "dsl_catalogue_fingerprint": "343fb30756ba6ec3", "capability_table_fingerprint": "2cb3e42f047d2ecf", "snapshot_id": "ba34b49490d9bfaf"}, "lineage": {"parent_id": "pmid:32922167", "parent_hash": "sha256:d98cf6e81110da51a9a71b7f6677ff8333520e4160809b0110663b3021b62db9", "fork_of": null, "generation": 8}, "gaps": ["asset:data:geo:GSE109651 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE109651 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE2658 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE2658 not downloaded", "execution.not_run", "method.reader_differs_from_extractor", "review.human_critique", "review.independent_reader", "review.machine_critique"], "assays": [{"role": "analysis", "definition_id": "differential_expression", "definition_version": "f2132e96ae6c7a4e", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": ["normalise_counts", "differential_expression_fit", "fdr_bh"], "support_state": "supported", "source_hashes": {"dsl_catalogue": "f2132e96ae6c7a4e"}, "confidence": 1.0, "evidence": ["Then, DEGs between LC/SP cells and MP CD138+ cells of MM were identified by an empirical Bayes method based on the “limma” package in R."], "order_basis": "analysis_only", "id": "assay:1"}]}