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pmid:33002137

A content-based dataset recommendation system for researchers-a case study on Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository.

Braja Gopal Patra · Kirk Roberts · Hulin Wu

Database : the journal of biological databases and curation · 2020 doi:10.1093/database/baaa064

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complete

Experiment

partial

Data

partial

Analysis

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Record details sci_version · id · kind · revision · content_hash · schema · created_at · updated_at · generator
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pmid:33002137
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2026-11-01T15:41:12Z
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title
A content-based dataset recommendation system for researchers-a case study on Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository.
doi
10.1093/database/baaa064
pmid
33002137
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Braja Gopal Patra
[1]
Kirk Roberts
[2]
Hulin Wu
journal
Database : the journal of biological databases and curation
year
2020
abstract
It is a growing trend among researchers to make their data publicly available for experimental reproducibility and data reusability. Sharing data with fellow researchers helps in increasing the visibility of the work. On the other hand, there are researchers who are inhibited by the lack of data resources. To overcome this challenge, many repositories and knowledge bases have been established to date to ease data sharing. Further, in the past two decades, there has been an exponential increase in the number of datasets added to these dataset repositories. However, most of these repositories are domain-specific, and none of them can recommend datasets to researchers/users. Naturally, it is challenging for a researcher to keep track of all the relevant repositories for potential use. Thus, a dataset recommender system that recommends datasets to a researcher based on previous publications can enhance their productivity and expedite further research. This work adopts an information retrieval (IR) paradigm for dataset recommendation. We hypothesize that two fundamental differences exist between dataset recommendation and PubMed-style biomedical IR beyond the corpus. First, instead of keywords, the query is the researcher, embodied by his or her publications. Second, to filter the relevant datasets from non-relevant ones, researchers are better represented by a set of interests, as opposed to the entire body of their research. This second approach is implemented using a non-parametric clustering technique. These clusters are used to recommend datasets for each researcher using the cosine similarity between the vector representations of publication clusters and datasets. The maximum normalized discounted cumulative gain at 10 (NDCG@10), precision at 10 (p@10) partial and p@10 strict of 0.89, 0.78 and 0.61, respectively, were obtained using the proposed method after manual evaluation by five researchers. As per the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind on content-based dataset recommendation. We hope that this system will further promote data sharing, offset the researchers' workload in identifying the right dataset and increase the reusability of biomedical datasets. Database URL: http://genestudy.org/recommends/#/.
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Later, normalized discounted cumulative gain (NDCG) at 10 and Precision at 10 (P@10) were calculated to evaluate different systems.
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Later, normalized discounted cumulative gain (NDCG) at 10 and Precision at 10 (P@10) were calculated to evaluate different systems.
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For the present experiment, metadata such as title, summary, submission date and name of dataset creator(s) were collected from GEO and indexed in a database, as shown in Figure 2. We also collected the PMIDs of articles associated with each dataset.
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sections[3] "GEO Datasets" paragraph 6
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For the present experiment, metadata such as title, summary, submission date and name of dataset creator(s) were collected from GEO and indexed in a database, as shown in Figure 2. We also collected the PMIDs of articles associated with each dataset.
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Table 1.
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Statistics of datasets collected from GEO
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Number of clusters with varying α values for proposed α based on our initial evaluation. Abbreviations: P: Proposed, a: total number of clusters, b: number of clusters which contains more than one paper, c: number of clusters which contains only one paper
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NDCG@10, partial and strict P@10 values of the different dataset recommendation systems based on three evaluators. Abbreviations: Partial: P; Strict: S
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data:geo:None
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activity-read-33002137
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extraction
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agent:minimax-reader
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lineage object · 4 fields
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review.machine_critique
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step:obtain_source_data blocked on data:accession_absent
Complete file
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On the other hand, there are researchers who are inhibited by the lack of data resources. To overcome this challenge, many repositories and knowledge bases have been established to date to ease data sharing. Further, in the past two decades, there has been an exponential increase in the number of datasets added to these dataset repositories. However, most of these repositories are domain-specific, and none of them can recommend datasets to researchers/users. Naturally, it is challenging for a researcher to keep track of all the relevant repositories for potential use. Thus, a dataset recommender system that recommends datasets to a researcher based on previous publications can enhance their productivity and expedite further research. This work adopts an information retrieval (IR) paradigm for dataset recommendation. We hypothesize that two fundamental differences exist between dataset recommendation and PubMed-style biomedical IR beyond the corpus. First, instead of keywords, the query is the researcher, embodied by his or her publications. Second, to filter the relevant datasets from non-relevant ones, researchers are better represented by a set of interests, as opposed to the entire body of their research. This second approach is implemented using a non-parametric clustering technique. These clusters are used to recommend datasets for each researcher using the cosine similarity between the vector representations of publication clusters and datasets. The maximum normalized discounted cumulative gain at 10 (NDCG@10), precision at 10 (p@10) partial and p@10 strict of 0.89, 0.78 and 0.61, respectively, were obtained using the proposed method after manual evaluation by five researchers. As per the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind on content-based dataset recommendation. We hope that this system will further promote data sharing, offset the researchers' workload in identifying the right dataset and increase the reusability of biomedical datasets. Database URL: http://genestudy.org/recommends/#/.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "Later, normalized discounted cumulative gain (NDCG) at 10 and Precision at 10 (P@10) were calculated to evaluate different systems.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:33002137", "locator": "sections[17] \"Recommendation system\" paragraph 3", "quote": "Later, normalized discounted cumulative gain (NDCG) at 10 and Precision at 10 (P@10) were calculated to evaluate different systems."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "For the present experiment, metadata such as title, summary, submission date and name of dataset creator(s) were collected from GEO and indexed in a database, as shown in Figure 2. 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We also collected the PMIDs of articles associated with each dataset."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "partial", "objective": null, "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:33002137"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "blocked", "blocked_on": "data:accession_absent", "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": [], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": [], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": ["step:obtain_source_data blocked on data:accession_absent"]}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:33002137", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.1093/database/baaa064", "sha256": "sha256:6aab330a90fcc34b1a6bf7362953fac82af65f330b229c17f3b08fa52e651924", "bytes": 51910, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "10.1093/database/baaa064", "version": null, "note": "Full article fetched from PMC; the checksum covers the rendered section body, not the original XML bytes.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC7659921", "source": "europe_pmc_fulltext", "coverage": "whole_body_without_references", "text_hash_scope": "rendered_section_body"}}, {"id": "asset:table:pmid:33002137:1", "role": "table", "format": "jats-table", "media_type": "application/vnd.jats.table+json", "uri": null, "sha256": "sha256:bbb4b1f548effabc9e52124cf8aa486c394aaac2827fdda88faa52413641aef2", "bytes": 316, "access": "open", "state": "verified", "reader": "read_table", "reader_status": "available", "identifier": "section[3]/table-wrap[1]#T1", "version": null, "note": "Statistics of datasets collected from GEO", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC7659921", "section_index": 3, "section_title": "GEO Datasets", "row_count": 3, "column_count": 2}, "table": {"label": "Table 1.", "caption": "Statistics of datasets collected from GEO", "rows": [["Datasets", "122 222"], ["Datasets with articles", "89 533"], ["Total articles", "92 884 (Mean : 0.76, Max : 10, Unique : 61 228)"]], "row_count": 3, "column_count": 2, "numeric_cells": 3, "header_rows": 0, "locator": "section[3]/table-wrap[1]#T1"}}, {"id": "asset:table:pmid:33002137:2", "role": "table", "format": "jats-table", "media_type": "application/vnd.jats.table+json", "uri": null, "sha256": "sha256:1b30b883fa6a7e82b59422532aa09cb5219fb35c578197cc79f6ab34a63a501a", "bytes": 1367, "access": "open", "state": "verified", "reader": "read_table", "reader_status": "available", "identifier": "section[13]/table-wrap[1]#T2", "version": null, "note": "Number of clusters with varying α values for proposed α based on our initial evaluation. 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Abbreviations: P: Proposed, a: total number of clusters, b: number of clusters which contains more than one paper, c: number of clusters which contains only one paper", "rows": [["Researcher ID (No. of papers)", "Number of clusters (a, b, c) for different α values"], ["", "α = 0.3", "α = 1.0", "α = 2.0", "α = 3.0", "α = 10.0", "α = P"], ["1 (53)", "16, 9, 7", "8, 7, 1", "6, 3, 3", "5, 2, 3", "3, 2, 1", "8, 5, 3 (1.37)"], ["2 (32)", "15, 10, 5", "10, 8, 2", "8, 6, 2", "7, 5, 2", "4, 2, 2", "8, 6, 2 (1.77)"], ["3 (48)", "15, 8, 7", "9, 4, 5", "3, 3, 0", "6, 2, 4", "2, 1, 1", "6, 3, 3 (1.44)"], ["4 (22)", "15, 4, 11", "10, 5, 5", "6, 4, 2", "5, 3, 2", "4, 1, 3", "7, 4, 3 (2.13)"], ["5 (7)", "5, 2, 3", "5, 2, 3", "4, 3, 1", "5, 2, 3", "3, 3, 0", "5, 2, 3 (3.8)"], ["6 (76)", "11, 10, 1", "6, 5, 1", "3, 3, 0", "2, 2, 0", "2, 1, 1", "5, 5, 0 (1.14)"], ["7 (13)", "7, 3, 4", "5, 4, 1", "3, 3, 0", "2, 2, 0", "2, 2, 0", "2, 2, 0 (2.77)"], ["8 (193)", "16, 15, 1", "6, 5, 1", "8, 4, 4", "5, 2, 3", "4, 1, 3", "7, 6, 1 (0.72)"], ["9 (291)", "23, 23, 0", "9, 8, 1", "6, 6, 0", "6, 3, 3", "3, 1, 2", "14, 14, 0 (0.59)"], ["10 (54)", "20, 11, 9", "12, 10, 2", "9, 8, 1", "6, 6, 0", "2, 2, 0", "9, 8, 1 (1.36)"]], "row_count": 12, "column_count": 7, "numeric_cells": 75, "header_rows": 2, "locator": "section[13]/table-wrap[1]#T2"}}, {"id": "asset:table:pmid:33002137:3", "role": "table", "format": "jats-table", "media_type": "application/vnd.jats.table+json", "uri": null, "sha256": "sha256:049a33f04e69780a3c08812022233b85184d07f6969450711b74f22bfd180150", "bytes": 1384, "access": "open", "state": "verified", "reader": "read_table", "reader_status": "available", "identifier": "section[17]/table-wrap[1]#T3", "version": null, "note": "Mean IACCS and ICCS for K-Means and DPMM (with different cluster sizes as mentioned in Table 2).", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC7659921", "section_index": 17, "section_title": "Recommendation system", "row_count": 14, "column_count": 7}, "table": {"label": "Table 3.", "caption": "Mean IACCS and ICCS for K-Means and DPMM (with different cluster sizes as mentioned in Table 2).", "rows": [["", "K-Means", ""], ["", "Clusters = 2", "Clusters = 5", "DPMM"], ["", "Words", "MeSH terms", "Words", "MeSH terms", "Words", "MeSH terms"], ["Researcher ID (No. of papers)", "IACSS, ICSS", "IACSS, ICSS", "IACSS, ICSS", "IACSS, ICSS", "IACSS, ICSS", "IACSS, ICSS"], ["1 (53)", "0.14, 0.37", "0.12, 0.56", "0.20, 0.26", "0.12, 0.27", "0.22, 0.19", "0.20, 0.32"], ["2 (32)", "0.09, 0.37", "0.09, 0.42", "0.14, 0.16", "0.14, 0.23", "0.22, 0.11", "0.11, 0.12"], ["3 (48)", "0.16, 0.43", "0.16, 0.56", "0.16, 0.25", "0.16, 0.29", "0.24, 0.22", "0.17, 0.37"], ["4 (22)", "0.12, 0.24", "0.09, 0.51", "0.21, 0.11", "0.15, 0.20", "0.20, 0.10", "0.16, 0.15"], ["5 (7)", "0.16, 0.13", "0.14, 0.19", "0.18, 0.04", "0.11, 0.08", "0.45, 0.08", "0.28, 0.13"], ["6 (76)", "0.17, 0.54", "0.19, 0.64", "0.20, 0.31", "0.22, 0.36", "0.20, 0.18", "0.23, 0.19"], ["7 (13)", "0.33, 0.14", "0.47, 0.30", "0.32, 0.17", "0.45, 0.30", "0.34, 0.14", "0.47, 0.30"], ["8 (193)", "0.10, 0.61", "0.16, 0.76", "0.17, 0.31", "0.21, 0.60", "0.17, 0.25", "0.21, 0.43"], ["9 (291)", "0.07, 0.55", "0.09, 0.64", "0.09, 0.40", "0.11, 0.54", "0.23, 0.13", "0.14, 0.19"], ["10 (54)", "0.07, 0.31", "0.15, 0.57", "0.11, 0.19", "0.23, 0.33", "0.17, 0.10", "0.20, 0.24"]], "row_count": 14, "column_count": 7, "numeric_cells": 72, "header_rows": 4, "locator": "section[17]/table-wrap[1]#T3"}}, {"id": "asset:table:pmid:33002137:4", "role": "table", "format": "jats-table", "media_type": "application/vnd.jats.table+json", "uri": null, "sha256": "sha256:c2baffa6d8634c98d2ca4a1305d482c2df6493a650aadc6f9e6d948df18bae6e", "bytes": 913, "access": "open", "state": "verified", "reader": "read_table", "reader_status": "available", "identifier": "section[18]/table-wrap[1]#T4", "version": null, "note": "NDCG@10, partial and strict P@10 values of the different dataset recommendation systems based on three evaluators. 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