TMPRSS2 Correlated With Immune Infiltration Serves as a Prognostic Biomarker in Prostatic Adenocarcinoma: Implication for the COVID-2019.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:33193689", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 7, "content_hash": "sha256:df8bcf0cd05581d1629770dea5965396660f7c66bc0722b10b1fca71b1b1d52a", "created_at": "2026-11-01T15:41:16Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:02:31Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "TMPRSS2 Correlated With Immune Infiltration Serves as a Prognostic Biomarker in Prostatic Adenocarcinoma: Implication for the COVID-2019.", "doi": "10.3389/fgene.2020.575770", "pmid": "33193689", "authors": ["Lianxiang Luo", "Yushi Zheng", "Mingyue Li", "Xinjie Lin", "Xiaodi Li", "Xiaoling Li", "Liao Cui", "Hui Luo"], "journal": "Frontiers in genetics", "year": 2020, "abstract": "Type 2 transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS2) is a new member of the serine proteases, and studies have shown that TMPRSS2 plays a role in the occurrence of prostate malignancies and is closely related to the occurrence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the role of TMPRSS2 in prostatic adenocarcinoma (PRAD) remains largely unclear. To better explore its function in PRAD, we examined the expression level of TMPRSS2 in the GEO, tumor immune assessment resource (TIMER), as well as Oncomine databases and studied the association between TMPRSS2 and overall survival (OS) rates in the UALCAN and gene expression profiling interactive analysis (GEPIA) databases. In addition, we studied the correlation of the level of immune infiltration and markers of immune cell type in the TIMER database, analyzed the prognosis based on the expression level of TMPRSS2 in the related immune cell subsets, and determined the methylation profile of TMPRSS2 promoter by UALCAN database. Subsequently, we conducted a survival analysis and gene ontology (GO) pathway analysis in the TISID database and detected the expression of TMPRSS2 in the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database. We also studied the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of TMPRSS2 in the GENEMANIA database. Additionally, we used the microarray GSE56677 and GSE52920 to illustrate changes in TMPRSS2 expression in vivo and in vitro after severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-COV) infection, finding that expression of TMPRSS2 decreased after SARS-COV infection in vitro. The function of TMPRSS2 in the dataset was further verified by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). In conclusion, the expression of TMPRSS2 is significantly increased in PRAD, elevated TMPRSS2 is associated with immune infiltration, and prognosis is positively correlated. In addition, tumor tissue from COVID-19 patients with PRAD may be more susceptible to infection with SARS-COV-2, which may render the prognosis gets worse.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "We calculated the Cox P/log-rank p value and hazard ratio with 95% intervals.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:33193689", "locator": "sections[16] \"TMPRSS2 Prognostic Value With PRAD\" paragraph 2", "quote": "We calculated the Cox P/log-rank p value and hazard ratio with 95% intervals."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "All datasets presented in this study are included in the article/supplementary material.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:33193689", "locator": "sections[21] \"Data Availability Statement\" paragraph 2", "quote": "All datasets presented in this study are included in the article/supplementary material."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": null, "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:33193689"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE30589"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {"hazard_ratio": "P/log-rank p value and hazard ratio with 95% intervals", "p_value": "Cox P/log-rank p value and hazard ratio with 9"}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE30589"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": []}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:33193689", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", 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"read_table", "reader_status": "available", "identifier": "section[17]/table-wrap[2]#tab2", "version": null, "note": "TMPRSS2 participated in the KEGG enrichment analysis results of GSE30589 and GSE56677.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC7556306", "section_index": 17, "section_title": "TMPRSS2 Immune Regulation Molecules", "row_count": 8, "column_count": 6}, "table": {"label": "Table 2", "caption": "TMPRSS2 participated in the KEGG enrichment analysis results of GSE30589 and GSE56677.", "rows": [["ID", "Description", "p value", "p adjust", "q value", "Count"], ["hsa04144", "Endocytosis", "5.55929E-05", "0.000392977", "0.00016009", "235"], ["hsa05202", "Transcriptional misregulation in cancer", "0.048582347", "0.07965532", "0.0324488", "170"], ["hsa04115", "p53 signaling pathway", "5.80884E-06", "5.21159E-05", "2.7854E-05", "67"], ["hsa04210", "Apoptosis", "7.1629E-06", "5.78404E-05", "3.0914E-05", "119"], ["hsa05202", "Transcriptional misregulation in cancer", "0.00817856", "0.022971086", "0.0122772", "148"], ["hsa04390", "Hippo signaling pathway", "0.013933685", "0.036295002", "0.01939834", "125"], ["hsa04215", "Apoptosis-multiple species", "0.074979651", "0.147673337", "0.07892595", "27"]], "row_count": 8, "column_count": 6, "numeric_cells": 36, "header_rows": 1, "locator": "section[17]/table-wrap[2]#tab2"}}, {"id": "asset:table:pmid:33193689:3", "role": "table", "format": "jats-table", "media_type": "application/vnd.jats.table+json", "uri": null, "sha256": "sha256:b966a89ba7b313d4d12e337111acb248d3d8594639d2f2ce47c3fde993ed0665", "bytes": 5575, "access": "open", "state": "verified", "reader": "read_table", "reader_status": "available", "identifier": "section[17]/table-wrap[3]#tab3", "version": null, "note": "Correlation analysis between PRAD and related gene markers of immune cells.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC7556306", "section_index": 17, "section_title": "TMPRSS2 Immune Regulation Molecules", "row_count": 62, "column_count": 8}, "table": {"label": "Table 3", "caption": "Correlation analysis between PRAD and related gene markers of immune cells.", "rows": [["Cell type", "Gene markers", "PRAD"], ["None", "Purity", "Age"], ["Cor", "p value", "Cor", "p value", "Cor", "p value"], ["B Cell", "CD19", "−0.125077723", "**", "−0.161441404", "***", "−0.130674148", "**"], ["CD27", "−0.148507385", "***", "−0.197633538", "***", "−0.147497971", "**"], ["CD38", "0.277349561", "***", "0.264768159", "***", "0.285518628", "***"], ["CD40", "−0.031102373", "0.488490749", "−0.065324277", "0.182988272", "−0.014884155", "0.743096953"], ["CD80", "−0.025275706", "0.573623548", "−0.000775715", "0.987399525", "−0.028181983", "0.5349634"], ["CXCR3", "−0.058626234", "0.191438313", "−0.092155904", "0.060097398", "−0.050598292", "0.264982434"], ["CXCR4", "−0.039409599", "0.213990606", "−0.060386012", "0.081356974", "−0.039569694", "0.217267393"], ["CXCR5", "−0.111933944", "*", "−0.147159268", "**", "−0.11526283", "*"], ["CXCR6", "0.04599172", "0.305688784", "0.004643028", "0.92465759", "0.054955353", "0.226065083"], ["CD24", "−0.026473203", "0.555471904", "−0.015678495", "0.749457539", "−0.022785709", "0.615822823"], ["NOTCH2", "0.385737482", "***", "0.412167843", "***", "0.38647116", "***"], ["TLR4", "0.058113222", "0.195428891", "0.037421509", "0.44597527", "0.07310733", "0.107103676"], ["FCRL2", "−0.0689383", "0.124444368", "−0.09415165", "0.054715415", "−0.06900531", "0.128331543"], ["MS4A1", "−0.050275534", "0.262784776", "−0.09070561", "0.064239045", "−0.051592392", "0.255799248"], ["CD8+ T cells", "CD8A", "−0.014071002", "0.754020343", "−0.057182925", "0.243844749", "−0.003878102", "0.931948835"], ["CD8B", "−0.253819947", "***", "−0.294883269", "***", "−0.239926201", "***"], ["Neutrophils", "FCGR3B", "0.227748682", "***", "0.192310891", "***", "0.239183779", "***"], ["CEACAM3", "−0.084244806", "0.060296919", "−0.124806186", "*", "−0.074381723", "0.10110602"], ["SIGLEC5", "0.127578293", "**", "0.108113169", "*", "0.137689965", 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"asset:data:geo:GSE52920 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE56677 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE56677 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE6956 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE6956 licence not read"]}, "analysis": {"state": "complete", "methods": [{"id": "method-1", "family": "survival_analysis", "specific": "log_rank_test", "label": "Survival analysis", "dsl_operations": ["logrank_test"], "missing_operations": [], "expressible": true, "parameters": {"hazard_ratio": "P/log-rank p value and hazard ratio with 95% intervals", "p_value": "Cox P/log-rank p value and hazard ratio with 9"}, "data_shapes": ["time_to_event_with_censoring"], "evidence": {"score": 1.0, "band": "verbatim", "quote": "We calculated the Cox P/log-rank p value and hazard ratio with 95% intervals."}}, {"id": "method-2", "family": "network_analysis", "specific": "ppi_network", "label": "Network / pathway analysis", "dsl_operations": ["build_graph", "centrality_scores", "pathway_enrich"], 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The physical bench the paper used is not, so a physical validation cannot be run here."}, "data": {"tier": "R1", "reachable": true, "accessions": ["GSE30589", "GSE56677", "GSE52920", "GSE6956"], "resolved_accessions": ["GSE30589", "GSE56677", "GSE52920", "GSE6956"], "statements": ["All datasets presented in this study are included in the article/supplementary material."], "basis": "The paper names GSE30589, GSE56677, GSE52920, GSE6956 in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the accession resolves in the repository. 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