AUNIP Expression Is Correlated With Immune Infiltration and Is a Candidate Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Lung Adenocarcinoma.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:33363020", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 7, "content_hash": "sha256:5c47776d2a1b7cf8a08004e867b4ff885fe0e8935d7c4b8a2cc61825be5d5b3d", "created_at": "2026-11-01T15:41:20Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:02:48Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "AUNIP Expression Is Correlated With Immune Infiltration and Is a Candidate Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Lung Adenocarcinoma.", "doi": "10.3389/fonc.2020.590006", "pmid": "33363020", "authors": ["Chenxi Ma", "Wenyan Kang", "Lu Yu", "Zongcheng Yang", "Tian Ding"], "journal": "Frontiers in oncology", "year": 2020, "abstract": "AUNIP, a novel prognostic biomarker, has been shown to be associated with stromal and immune scores in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Nonetheless, its role in other cancer types was unclear. In this study, AUNIP expression was increased in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) according to data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, Integrative Molecular Database of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCCDB), and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (GSE45436, GSE102079, GSE10072, GSE31210, and GSE43458). Further, according to copy number variation analysis, AUNIP up-regulation may be associated with copy number variation. Immunohistochemistry showed AUNIP expression was higher in HCC and LUAD compared with the normal tissues. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated that AUNIP is a candidate diagnostic biomarker for HCC and LUAD. Next, TCGA, International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC), and GEO (GSE31210 and GSE50081) data showed that increased AUNIP expression clearly predicted poor overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and progression-free interval (PFI) in HCC and LUAD. Additionally, multivariate Cox regression analysis involving various clinical factors showed that AUNIP is an independent prognostic biomarker for HCC and LUAD. Next, the role of AUNIP in HCC and LUAD was explored via a co-expression analysis, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses, and a gene set variation analysis (GSVA). HCC and LUAD exhibited almost identical enrichment results. More specifically, high AUNIP expression was associated with DNA replication, cell cycle, oocyte meiosis, homologous recombination, mismatch repair, the p53 signal transduction pathway, and progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation. Lastly, the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) tool was used to determine the correlations of AUNIP expression with tumor immune infiltration. AUNIP expression was positively correlated with the infiltration degree of B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells in HCC. However, AUNIP expression was negatively correlated with the infiltration degree of B cells, CD4+ T cells, and macrophages in LUAD. In addition, AUNIP expression was correlated with immune infiltration in various other tumors. In conclusion, AUNIP, which is associated with tumor immune infiltration, is a candidate diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for HCC and LUAD.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "Finally, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses of TCGA data were used to evaluate whether AUNIP expression is a prognostic factor in HCC and LUAD.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:33363020", "locator": "sections[16] \"Multifaceted Prognostic Value of AUNIP in HCC and LUAD\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Finally, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses of TCGA data were used to evaluate whether AUNIP expression is a prognostic factor in HCC and LUAD."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories. The names of the repository/repositories and accession number(s) can be found in the article/ Supplementary Material .", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:33363020", "locator": "sections[22] \"Data Availability Statement\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories. 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This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE10072"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE10072"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": []}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:33363020", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2020.590006", "sha256": "sha256:8a0f65b374f3b670a55e016201094fd7f52391bb4b4e83a25a71e54682ac7a7a", "bytes": 37976, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "10.3389/fonc.2020.590006", "version": null, "note": "Full article fetched from PMC; the checksum covers the rendered section body, not the original XML bytes.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC7756081", "source": "europe_pmc_fulltext", "coverage": "whole_body_without_references", "text_hash_scope": "rendered_section_body"}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE10072", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE10072", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE10072", "version": null, "note": "The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories. 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No dataset was downloaded and no licence was read."}}, "can_run": {"dsl_operations": ["cox_ph"], "assets": ["source:pmid:33363020", "data:geo:GSE10072"], "steps": ["run_analysis"]}, "must_build": {"dsl_operations": [], "converters": [], "readers": [], "capabilities": [], "data_gaps": ["data:geo:GSE10072"]}, "gaps": []}, "review": {"state": "partial", "machine_critique": {"kind": "extraction_review", "reader": {"model": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "provider": "minimax", "provider_family": "minimax", "read_at": "2026-10-31T18:25:37Z", "independence": "single_reader"}, "evidence_check": {"method": "verbatim", "availability": "verbatim"}, "calls": 3, "usage": {"prompt_tokens": 29315, "completion_tokens": 4141, "cached_tokens": 784}}, "human_critique": null, "stages": [{"id": "extraction", "state": "complete", "reader": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "provider": "minimax"}], "gaps": ["review.independent_reader", "review.machine_critique", "review.human_critique"]}, "execution": {"state": "absent", "status": "not_run", "mode": null, "runs": [], "gaps": ["execution.not_run"]}, "provenance": {"entities": [{"id": "pmid:33363020", "type": "paper", "label": "pmid:33363020"}, {"id": "source:pmid:33363020", "type": "manuscript", "label": "PMID 33363020 full text"}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE10072", "type": "dataset", "label": "GEO GSE10072"}], "activities": [{"id": "activity-reading-sci-2026-11-01", "type": "classification", "used": [{"id": "pmid:33363020", "type": "paper", "label": "pmid:33363020"}, {"id": "source:pmid:33363020", "type": "manuscript", "label": "PMID 33363020 full text"}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE10072", "type": "dataset", "label": "GEO GSE10072"}], "agent": "agent:corpus-assay-engine"}, {"id": "activity-read-33363020", "type": "extraction", "used": ["source:pmid:33363020"], "agent": "agent:minimax-reader"}, {"id": "activity-resolve-GSE10072", "type": "accession_resolution", "used": ["data:geo:GSE10072"], "agent": "agent:corpus-assay-engine"}], "agents": [{"id": "agent:corpus-assay-engine", "type": "software", "label": "Corpus assay engine"}, {"id": "agent:minimax-reader", "type": "software", "label": "MiniMax literature reader"}], "source_run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01", "dsl_catalogue_fingerprint": "343fb30756ba6ec3", "capability_table_fingerprint": "2cb3e42f047d2ecf", "snapshot_id": "ba34b49490d9bfaf"}, "lineage": {"parent_id": "pmid:33363020", "parent_hash": "sha256:030778a58220f86878c6e899d25a76c986e66251b2cbdbc2a36c49ed882e9f82", "fork_of": null, "generation": 6}, "gaps": ["asset:data:geo:GSE10072 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE10072 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE102079 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE102079 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE31210 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE31210 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE43458 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE43458 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE45436 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE45436 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE50081 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE50081 not downloaded", "execution.not_run", "method.reader_differs_from_extractor", "review.human_critique", "review.independent_reader", "review.machine_critique"], "assays": [{"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "ihc", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.93, "evidence": ["ay be associated with copy number variation. Immunohistochemistry showed AUNIP expression was higher in HCC an"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:780", "id": "assay:1"}, {"role": "analysis", "definition_id": "survival_analysis", "definition_version": "f2132e96ae6c7a4e", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": ["cox_ph"], "support_state": "supported", "source_hashes": {"dsl_catalogue": "f2132e96ae6c7a4e"}, "confidence": 1.0, "evidence": ["Finally, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses of TCGA data were used to evaluate whether AUNIP expression is a prognostic factor in HCC and LUAD."], "order_basis": "consumes_earlier_output", "id": "assay:2"}]}