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pmid:33481661

Identification of a Prognostic Colorectal Cancer Model Including LncRNA FOXP4-AS1 and LncRNA BBOX1-AS1 Based on Bioinformatics Analysis.

Zhi-Liang Shi · Guo-Qiang Zhou · Jian Guo · Xiao-Ling Yang · Cheng Yu · Cheng-Long Shen · Xin-Guo Zhu

Cancer biotherapy & radiopharmaceuticals · 2022 doi:10.1089/cbr.2020.4242

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Experiment

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title
Identification of a Prognostic Colorectal Cancer Model Including LncRNA FOXP4-AS1 and LncRNA BBOX1-AS1 Based on Bioinformatics Analysis.
doi
10.1089/cbr.2020.4242
pmid
33481661
authors array · 7 items
[0]
Zhi-Liang Shi
[1]
Guo-Qiang Zhou
[2]
Jian Guo
[3]
Xiao-Ling Yang
[4]
Cheng Yu
[5]
Cheng-Long Shen
[6]
Xin-Guo Zhu
journal
Cancer biotherapy & radiopharmaceuticals
year
2022
abstract
Background: Knowledge about the prognostic role of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in colorectal cancer (CRC) is limited. Therefore, we constructed a lncRNA-related prognostic model based on data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Materials and Methods: CRC transcriptome and clinical data were downloaded from the GSE20916 dataset and the TCGA database, respectively. R software was used for data processing and analysis. The differential lncRNA expression within the two datasets was first screened, and then intersections were measured. Cox regression and the Kaplan-Meier method were used to evaluate the effects of various factors on prognosis. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve and a nomogram based on multivariate Cox analysis were used to estimate the prognostic value of the lncRNA-related model. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were applied to elucidate the significantly involved biological functions and pathways. Results: A total of 11 lncRNAs were crossed. The univariate Cox analysis screened out two lncRNAs, which were analyzed in the multivariate Cox analysis. A nomogram based on the two lncRNAs and other clinicopathological risk factors was constructed. The AUC of the nomogram was 0.56 at 3 years and 0.71 at 5 years. The 3-year nomogram model was compared with the ideal model, which showed that some indices of the 3-year model were consistent with the ideal model, suggesting that our model was highly accurate. The GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that positive regulation of secretion by cells, positive regulation of secretion, positive regulation of exocytosis, endocytosis, and the calcium signaling pathway were differentially enriched in the two-lncRNA-associated phenotype. Conclusions: A two-lncRNA prognostic model of CRC was constructed by bioinformatics analysis. The model had moderate prediction accuracy. LncRNA BBOX1-AS1 and lncRNA FOXP4-AS1 were identified as prognostic biomarkers.
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Cox regression and the Kaplan–Meier method were used to evaluate the effects of various factors on prognosis.
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Cox regression and the Kaplan–Meier method were used to evaluate the effects of various factors on prognosis.
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Univariate Cox Analysis
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Multivariate Cox Analysis
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[2] array · 4 items
[0]
<Median
[1]
Ref.
[2]
[3]
[3] array · 4 items
[0]
≥Median
[1]
2.858
[2]
1.037–3.516
[3]
0.077
[4] array · 1 item
[0]
M
[5] array · 4 items
[0]
M0
[1]
Ref.
[2]
[3]
[6] array · 4 items
[0]
M1
[1]
5.058
[2]
2.302–11.113
[3]
<0.001
[7] array · 4 items
[0]
MX
[1]
2.728
[2]
1.046–7.115
[3]
0.04
[8] array · 1 item
[0]
N
[9] array · 4 items
[0]
N0
[1]
Ref.
[2]
[3]
[10] array · 4 items
[0]
N1
[1]
1.413
[2]
0.595–3.359
[3]
0.433
[11] array · 4 items
[0]
N2
[1]
1.827
[2]
0.815–4.096
[3]
0.144
[12] array · 1 item
[0]
T
[13] array · 4 items
[0]
T1/T2
[1]
Ref.
[2]
[3]
[14] array · 4 items
[0]
T3
[1]
1.226
[2]
0.399–3.77
[3]
0.018
[15] array · 4 items
[0]
T4
[1]
2.219
[2]
0.611–8.059
[3]
0.024
[16] array · 1 item
[0]
Gender
[17] array · 4 items
[0]
Female
[1]
Ref.
[2]
[3]
[18] array · 4 items
[0]
Male
[1]
0.66
[2]
0.355–1.227
[3]
0.189
[19] array · 1 item
[0]
Race
[20] array · 4 items
[0]
Black
[1]
Ref.
[2]
[3]
[21] array · 4 items
[0]
Others
[1]
1.319
[2]
0.44–3.95
[3]
0.621
[22] array · 4 items
[0]
White
[1]
1.126
[2]
0.405–3.131
[3]
0.82
[23] array · 1 item
[0]
Risk score
[24] array · 4 items
[0]
Low
[1]
Ref.
[2]
[3]
[25] array · 4 items
[0]
High
[1]
1.495
[2]
1.106–2.023
[3]
0.009
locator
section[11]/table-wrap[2]#tb4
gaps array · 2 items
[0]
asset:data:geo:GSE20916 not downloaded
[1]
asset:data:geo:GSE20916 licence not read
analysis object · 4 fields
state
complete
methods array · 5 items
[0] object · 10 fields
id
method-1
family
survival_analysis
specific
cox_proportional_hazards
label
Survival analysis
dsl_operations array · 1 item
[0]
cox_ph
missing_operations array · 0 items
parameters object · 0 fields
data_shapes array · 1 item
[0]
time_to_event_with_censoring
evidence object · 3 fields
score
1
band
verbatim
quote
Cox regression and the Kaplan–Meier method were used to evaluate the effects of various factors on prognosis.
[1] object · 10 fields
id
method-2
family
survival_analysis
specific
kaplan_meier
label
Survival analysis
dsl_operations array · 1 item
[0]
survival_km
missing_operations array · 0 items
parameters object · 0 fields
data_shapes array · 1 item
[0]
time_to_event_with_censoring
evidence object · 3 fields
score
0.7
band
medium
quote
Kaplan-Meier
[2] object · 10 fields
id
method-3
family
differential_expression
specific
limma_voom
label
Differential expression analysis
dsl_operations array · 3 items
[0]
normalise_counts
[1]
differential_expression_fit
[2]
fdr_bh
missing_operations array · 0 items
parameters object · 0 fields
data_shapes array · 1 item
[0]
count_matrix_with_condition
evidence object · 3 fields
score
0.8
band
high
quote
limma
[3] object · 10 fields
id
method-4
family
diagnostic_evaluation
specific
roc
label
Diagnostic test evaluation
dsl_operations array · 6 items
[0]
confusion_counts
[1]
roc_curve
[2]
sensitivity_specificity
[3]
solve_confusion_matrix
[4]
classification_metrics
[5]
published_precision_envelope
missing_operations array · 0 items
parameters object · 0 fields
data_shapes array · 1 item
[0]
reference_standard_and_test
evidence object · 3 fields
score
0.8
band
high
quote
ROC analysis
[4] object · 10 fields
id
method-5
family
model_calibration
specific
decision_curve
label
Model calibration / clinical utility
dsl_operations array · 2 items
[0]
calibration_bins
[1]
net_benefit
missing_operations array · 0 items
parameters object · 0 fields
data_shapes array · 1 item
[0]
predictions_and_outcomes
evidence object · 3 fields
score
0.8
band
high
quote
net benefit
targets array · 0 items
gaps array · 0 items
capability object · 3 fields
state
complete
requirements array · 1 item
[0] object · 6 fields
capability_id
capability:computational_analysis
label
Computational analysis platform
assay_families array · 9 items
[0]
meta_analysis
[1]
machine_learning
[2]
survival_analysis
[3]
statistical_regression
[4]
pca
[5]
molecular_docking
[6]
network_analysis
[7]
differential_expression
[8]
gwas
candidate
Automated Assays Laravel application and simulated adapters
gaps array · 0 items
readiness object · 8 fields
state
complete
tier
R1
blocked_on
nothing:replicable_now
axes object · 3 fields
method object · 5 fields
tier
R1
expressible
true
required_operations array · 1 item
[0]
cox_ph
missing_operations array · 0 items
basis
The paper names the method it used and the corpus's method extractor maps it onto the DSL catalogue: cox_proportional_hazards.
capability object · 4 fields
tier
R1
capability_id
capability:computational_analysis
availability_state
owned
basis
The computational analysis is owned. The physical bench the paper used is not, so a physical validation cannot be run here.
data object · 6 fields
tier
R1
reachable
true
accessions array · 1 item
[0]
GSE20916
resolved_accessions array · 1 item
[0]
GSE20916
statements array · 1 item
[0]
The datasets analyzed during this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
basis
The paper names GSE20916 in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the accession resolves in the repository. No dataset was downloaded and no licence was read.
can_run object · 3 fields
dsl_operations array · 1 item
[0]
cox_ph
assets array · 6 items
[0]
source:pmid:33481661
[1]
data:geo:GSE20916
[2]
asset:table:pmid:33481661:1
[3]
asset:table:pmid:33481661:2
[4]
asset:table:pmid:33481661:3
[5]
asset:table:pmid:33481661:4
steps array · 1 item
[0]
run_analysis
must_build object · 5 fields
dsl_operations array · 0 items
converters array · 0 items
readers array · 0 items
capabilities array · 0 items
data_gaps array · 1 item
[0]
data:geo:GSE20916
gaps array · 0 items
review object · 5 fields
state
partial
machine_critique object · 5 fields
kind
extraction_review
reader object · 5 fields
model
MiniMax-M3.1-Flash
provider
minimax
provider_family
minimax
read_at
2026-10-31T18:26:29Z
independence
single_reader
evidence_check object · 2 fields
method
verbatim
availability
verbatim
calls
3
usage object · 3 fields
prompt_tokens
27150
completion_tokens
1687
cached_tokens
776
stages array · 1 item
[0] object · 4 fields
id
extraction
state
complete
reader
MiniMax-M3.1-Flash
provider
minimax
gaps array · 3 items
[0]
review.independent_reader
[1]
review.machine_critique
[2]
review.human_critique
execution object · 5 fields
state
absent
status
not_run
mode
null
runs array · 0 items
gaps array · 1 item
[0]
execution.not_run
provenance object · 7 fields
entities array · 3 items
[0] object · 3 fields
id
pmid:33481661
type
paper
label
pmid:33481661
[1] object · 3 fields
id
source:pmid:33481661
type
manuscript
label
PMID 33481661 full text
[2] object · 3 fields
id
data:geo:GSE20916
type
dataset
label
GEO GSE20916
activities array · 3 items
[0] object · 4 fields
id
activity-reading-sci-2026-11-01
type
classification
used array · 3 items
[0] object · 3 fields
id
pmid:33481661
type
paper
label
pmid:33481661
[1] object · 3 fields
id
source:pmid:33481661
type
manuscript
label
PMID 33481661 full text
[2] object · 3 fields
id
data:geo:GSE20916
type
dataset
label
GEO GSE20916
agent
agent:corpus-assay-engine
[1] object · 4 fields
id
activity-read-33481661
type
extraction
used array · 1 item
[0]
source:pmid:33481661
agent
agent:minimax-reader
[2] object · 4 fields
id
activity-resolve-GSE20916
type
accession_resolution
used array · 1 item
[0]
data:geo:GSE20916
agent
agent:corpus-assay-engine
agents array · 2 items
[0] object · 3 fields
id
agent:corpus-assay-engine
type
software
label
Corpus assay engine
[1] object · 3 fields
id
agent:minimax-reader
type
software
label
MiniMax literature reader
source_run_id
reading-sci-2026-11-01
dsl_catalogue_fingerprint
343fb30756ba6ec3
capability_table_fingerprint
2cb3e42f047d2ecf
snapshot_id
ba34b49490d9bfaf
lineage object · 4 fields
parent_id
pmid:33481661
parent_hash
sha256:f7cd7f60039f855e9f9709b0680100f91a64da5515929e6a3120a6bf67fc2f8a
fork_of
null
gaps array · 6 items
[0]
asset:data:geo:GSE20916 licence not read
[1]
asset:data:geo:GSE20916 not downloaded
[2]
execution.not_run
[3]
review.human_critique
[4]
review.independent_reader
[5]
review.machine_critique
assays array · 2 items
[0] object · 11 fields
role
data_generation
definition_id
rna_seq
definition_version
99e1195c7d6f
required_operations array · 0 items
support_state
partial
source_hashes object · 1 field
assay_lexicon
99e1195c7d6f
confidence
0.99
evidence array · 2 items
[0]
ome Atlas (TCGA). Materials and Methods: CRC transcriptome and clinical data were downloaded from the G
[1]
mples were used for subsequent analysis. The RNA sequencing data in the fragments per kilobase per milli
order_basis
paper_text_order:386
id
assay:1
[1] object · 11 fields
role
analysis
definition_id
survival_analysis
definition_version
f2132e96ae6c7a4e
required_operations array · 1 item
[0]
cox_ph
support_state
supported
source_hashes object · 1 field
dsl_catalogue
f2132e96ae6c7a4e
evidence array · 1 item
[0]
Cox regression and the Kaplan–Meier method were used to evaluate the effects of various factors on prognosis.
order_basis
consumes_earlier_output
id
assay:2
Complete file
{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:33481661", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 7, "content_hash": "sha256:4b4362c1bf8c5c5fecd54c9ad2b4ad5e7ac1409637df14f4e15a11b574467bed", "created_at": "2026-11-01T15:41:23Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:02:59Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Identification of a Prognostic Colorectal Cancer Model Including LncRNA FOXP4-AS1 and LncRNA BBOX1-AS1 Based on Bioinformatics Analysis.", "doi": "10.1089/cbr.2020.4242", "pmid": "33481661", "authors": ["Zhi-Liang Shi", "Guo-Qiang Zhou", "Jian Guo", "Xiao-Ling Yang", "Cheng Yu", "Cheng-Long Shen", "Xin-Guo Zhu"], "journal": "Cancer biotherapy & radiopharmaceuticals", "year": 2022, "abstract": "Background: Knowledge about the prognostic role of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in colorectal cancer (CRC) is limited. Therefore, we constructed a lncRNA-related prognostic model based on data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Materials and Methods: CRC transcriptome and clinical data were downloaded from the GSE20916 dataset and the TCGA database, respectively. R software was used for data processing and analysis. The differential lncRNA expression within the two datasets was first screened, and then intersections were measured. Cox regression and the Kaplan-Meier method were used to evaluate the effects of various factors on prognosis. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve and a nomogram based on multivariate Cox analysis were used to estimate the prognostic value of the lncRNA-related model. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were applied to elucidate the significantly involved biological functions and pathways. Results: A total of 11 lncRNAs were crossed. The univariate Cox analysis screened out two lncRNAs, which were analyzed in the multivariate Cox analysis. A nomogram based on the two lncRNAs and other clinicopathological risk factors was constructed. The AUC of the nomogram was 0.56 at 3 years and 0.71 at 5 years. The 3-year nomogram model was compared with the ideal model, which showed that some indices of the 3-year model were consistent with the ideal model, suggesting that our model was highly accurate. The GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that positive regulation of secretion by cells, positive regulation of secretion, positive regulation of exocytosis, endocytosis, and the calcium signaling pathway were differentially enriched in the two-lncRNA-associated phenotype. Conclusions: A two-lncRNA prognostic model of CRC was constructed by bioinformatics analysis. The model had moderate prediction accuracy. LncRNA BBOX1-AS1 and lncRNA FOXP4-AS1 were identified as prognostic biomarkers.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "Cox regression and the Kaplan–Meier method were used to evaluate the effects of various factors on prognosis.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:33481661", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Cox regression and the Kaplan–Meier method were used to evaluate the effects of various factors on prognosis."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The datasets analyzed during this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:33481661", "locator": "sections[15] \"Data Availability Statement\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The datasets analyzed during this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": null, "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:33481661"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE20916"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE20916"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": []}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:33481661", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.1089/cbr.2020.4242", "sha256": 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