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pmid:33568149
Isotypes of autoantibodies against novel differential 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-modified peptide adducts in serum is associated with rheumatoid arthritis in Taiwanese women.
Kai-Leun Tsai · Che-Chang Chang · Yu-Sheng Chang · Yi-Ying Lu · I-Jung Tsai · Jin-Hua Chen · Sheng-Hong Lin · Chih-Chun Tai · Yi-Fang Lin · Hui-Wen Chang · Ching-Yu Lin · Emily Chia-Yu Su
BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2021 doi:10.1186/s12911-020-01380-y
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Complete file
{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:33568149", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 7, "content_hash": "sha256:26a89902300d93a17f1e2b95c64a758884753aa9981fe51f7072c90831e8528f", "created_at": "2026-11-01T15:41:24Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:03:05Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Isotypes of autoantibodies against novel differential 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-modified peptide adducts in serum is associated with rheumatoid arthritis in Taiwanese women.", "doi": "10.1186/s12911-020-01380-y", "pmid": "33568149", "authors": ["Kai-Leun Tsai", "Che-Chang Chang", "Yu-Sheng Chang", "Yi-Ying Lu", "I-Jung Tsai", "Jin-Hua Chen", "Sheng-Hong Lin", "Chih-Chun Tai", "Yi-Fang Lin", "Hui-Wen Chang", "Ching-Yu Lin", "Emily Chia-Yu Su"], "journal": "BMC medical informatics and decision making", "year": 2021, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder with systemic inflammation and may be induced by oxidative stress that affects an inflamed joint. Our objectives were to examine isotypes of autoantibodies against 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) modifications in RA and associate them with increased levels of autoantibodies in RA patients.\nMETHODS: Serum samples from 155 female patients [60 with RA, 35 with osteoarthritis (OA), and 60 healthy controls (HCs)] were obtained. Four novel differential HNE-modified peptide adducts, complement factor H (CFAH)1211-1230, haptoglobin (HPT)78-108, immunoglobulin (Ig) kappa chain C region (IGKC)2-19, and prothrombin (THRB)328-345, were re-analyzed using tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) spectra (ProteomeXchange: PXD004546) from RA patients vs. HCs. Further, we determined serum protein levels of CFAH, HPT, IGKC and THRB, HNE-protein adducts, and autoantibodies against unmodified and HNE-modified peptides. Significant correlations and odds ratios (ORs) were calculated.\nRESULTS: Levels of HPT in RA patients were greatly higher than the levels in HCs. Levels of HNE-protein adducts and autoantibodies in RA patients were significantly greater than those of HCs. IgM anti-HPT78-108 HNE, IgM anti-IGKC2-19, and IgM anti-IGKC2-19 HNE may be considered as diagnostic biomarkers for RA. Importantly, elevated levels of IgM anti-HPT78-108 HNE, IgM anti-IGKC2-19, and IgG anti-THRB328-345 were positively correlated with the disease activity score in 28 joints for C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP). Further, the ORs of RA development through IgM anti-HPT78-108 HNE (OR 5.235, p < 0.001), IgM anti-IGKC2-19 (OR 12.655, p < 0.001), and IgG anti-THRB328-345 (OR 5.761, p < 0.001) showed an increased risk. Lastly, we incorporated three machine learning models to differentiate RA from HC and OA, and performed feature selection to determine discriminative features. Experimental results showed that our proposed method achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.92, which demonstrated that our selected autoantibodies combined with machine learning can efficiently detect RA.\nCONCLUSIONS: This study discovered that some IgG- and IgM-NAAs and anti-HNE M-NAAs may be correlated with inflammation and disease activity in RA. Moreover, our findings suggested that IgM anti-HPT78-108 HNE, IgM anti-IGKC2-19, and IgG anti-THRB328-345 may play heavy roles in RA development.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "As shown in Table 4, an age adjusted logistic regression analysis demonstrated that ORs of RA development were significantly associated with levels of autoantibodies against unmodified and HNE-modified peptides in patients with RA compared to HCs", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:33568149", "locator": "sections[15] \"Associations of serum anti-unmodified and anti-HNE-modified peptide autoantibodies with RA patients compared to HCs\" paragraph 2", "quote": "As shown in Table 4, an age adjusted logistic regression analysis demonstrated that ORs of RA development were significantly associated with levels of autoantibodies against unmodified and HNE-modified peptides in patients with RA compared to HCs"}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The data that support the findings of this study are available from Shuang-Ho Hospital (New Taipei City, Taiwan) but restrictions apply to the availability of these data, which were used under license for the current study, and so are not publicly available. Data are however available from the authors upon reasonable request and with permission of the hospital.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:33568149", "locator": "sections[25] \"Availability of data and materials\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The data that support the findings of this study are available from Shuang-Ho Hospital (New Taipei City, Taiwan) but restrictions apply to the availability of these data, which were used under license for the current study, and so are not publicly available. Data are however available from the authors upon reasonable request and with permission of the hospital."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": null, "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:33568149"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:PXD004546"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:PXD004546"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": []}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:33568149", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-020-01380-y", "sha256": "sha256:aa53decd4648b9e66cc0e00ba7044efaea6b2c6aa42557f5746c25a972bf6271", "bytes": 72417, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "10.1186/s12911-020-01380-y", "version": null, "note": "Full article fetched from PMC; the checksum covers the rendered section body, not the original XML bytes.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC7874460", "source": "europe_pmc_fulltext", "coverage": "whole_body", "text_hash_scope": "rendered_section_body"}}, {"id": "data:geo:PXD004546", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=PXD004546", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "PXD004546", "version": null, "note": "The data that support the findings of this study are available from Shuang-Ho Hospital (New Taipei City, Taiwan) but restrictions apply to the availability of these data, which were used under license for the current study, and so are not publicly available. Data are however available from the authors upon reasonable request and with permission of the hospital.", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "The data that support the findings of this study are available from Shuang-Ho Hospital (New Taipei City, Taiwan) but restrictions apply to the availability of these data, which were used under license for the current study, and so are not publicly available. Data are however available from the authors upon reasonable request and with permission of the hospital.", "access_statement_kind": "data_availability_statement", "sample_accessions": [], "sample_count": null, "group_sizes": null, "group_sizes_basis": null, "platform": null, "taxon": null, "title": "Human Rheumatoid Arthritis LC-MSMS", "resolution_checked_at": "2026-10-31T18:35:55Z", "resolution_check": "identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}, {"id": "asset:table:pmid:33568149:1", "role": "table", "format": "jats-table", "media_type": "application/vnd.jats.table+json", "uri": null, "sha256": "sha256:9d4059dc3aa6f09919239c13474bec468b3d0fbabd72fe9b3543781606598c74", "bytes": 1271, "access": "open", "state": "verified", "reader": "read_table", "reader_status": "available", "identifier": "section[13]/table-wrap[1]#Tab1", "version": null, "note": "Differential 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE)-modified peptide adducts in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients compared to healthy controls (HCs)", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC7874460", "section_index": 13, "section_title": "Measuring autoantibodies against unmodified and HNE-modified peptides", "row_count": 11, "column_count": 9}, "table": {"label": "Table 1", "caption": "Differential 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE)-modified peptide adducts in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients compared to healthy controls (HCs)", "rows": [["Proteina", "Modified peptideb", "Positionc", "Obs.d", "Calc.e", "dMf", "dMg", "Sequence foundwith modifications"], ["HC", "RA"], ["CFAH", "SHTLRTTCWDGKLEYPTCAK(+ 158)", "1211–1230", "858.439", "858.435", "0.0041", "5.4", "−", "+"], ["HRTGDEITYQCRNGFYPATRGNTAK(+ 138)", "284–308", "749.370", "749.372", "− 0.0018", "−1.8", "+", "−"], ["HPT", "AVGDKLPECEADDGC(+ 158)PKPPEIAHGYVEHSVR", "78–108", "869.925", "869.927", "− 0.0017", "−1.3", "−", "+"], ["ILGGHLDA(+ 156)K", "162–170", "540.329", "540.327", "0.0028", "6.1", "+", "−"], ["IGKC", "TVAA(+ 156)PSVFIFPPSDEQLK", "2–19", "701.384", "701.386", "− 0.0018", "−1.7", "−", "+"], ["TVA(+ 156)APSVFIFPPSDEQLK", "2–19", "1051.582", "1051.575", "0.0070", "7.1", "+", "+"], ["VYACEVTHQ(+ 158)GLSSPVTKSFNR", "83–103", "862.780", "862.785", "− 0.0044", "−4.5", "+", "−"], ["THRB", "TFGSGEADCGLRPLFEK(+ 156)K", "328–345", "1056.036", "1056.046", "− 0.0107", "−9.6", "−", "+"], ["TFGSGEADC(+ 140)GLRPL(+ 156)FEK", "328–344", "708.376", "708.375", "0.0009", "2.1", "+", "−"]], "row_count": 11, "column_count": 9, "numeric_cells": 54, "header_rows": 2, "locator": "section[13]/table-wrap[1]#Tab1"}}, {"id": "asset:table:pmid:33568149:2", "role": "table", "format": "jats-table", "media_type": "application/vnd.jats.table+json", "uri": null, "sha256": "sha256:f49ea03d5d8f9e0e1ad1b5040350090796c410eff7eadeed5b22abf8c80b9fdc", "bytes": 4141, "access": "open", "state": "verified", "reader": "read_table", "reader_status": "available", "identifier": "section[13]/table-wrap[2]#Tab2", "version": null, "note": "Comparisons of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity of autoantibody isotypes against unmodified and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE)-modified peptides in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and osteoarthritis (OA) patients compared to healthy controls (HCs)", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC7874460", "section_index": 13, "section_title": "Measuring autoantibodies against unmodified and HNE-modified peptides", "row_count": 34, "column_count": 8}, "table": {"label": "Table 2", "caption": "Comparisons of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity of autoantibody isotypes against unmodified and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE)-modified peptides in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and osteoarthritis (OA) patients compared to healthy controls (HCs)", "rows": [["Peptides", "RA vs. HC", "OA versus HC", "p value a"], ["AUC (95%CI)", "Sensitivity (95%CI)", "Specificity (95%CI)", "AUC (95%CI)", 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(58.6–82.6)", "55.0% (41.6–67.9)", "0.53 (0.41–0.65)", "51.4% (34.0–68.6)", "46.7% (33.7–60.0)", "0.3711"], ["Cutoff (OD450)", "", "> 0.64", "", "", "< 0.64", "", ""], ["IgG anti-HPT78−108 HNE", "0.66 (0.57–0.76)", "71.7% (58.6–82.6)", "48.3% (35.2–61.6)", "0.58 (0.46–0.70)", "62.9% (44.9–78.5)", "55.0% (41.6–67.9)", "0.8974"], ["Cutoff (OD450)", "", "> 0.25", "", "", "< 0.25", "", ""], ["IgM anti-HPT78−108", "0.67 (0.57–0.77)", "71.7% (58.6–82.6)", "56.7% (43.2–69.4)", "0.53(0.40–0.66)", "51.4%(33.9–68.6)", "50.0%(36.8– 63.2)", "0.2823"], ["Cutoff (OD450)", "", "> 0.30", "", "", "< 0.29", "", ""], ["IgM anti-HPT78−108 HNE", "0.89 (0.80–0.93)", "86.7% (75.4–94.1)", "66.7% (53.3–78.3)", "0.58 (0.46–0.69)", "65.7% (47.8–80.9)", "55.0% (41.6–67.9)", "< 0.0001"], ["Cutoff (OD450)", "", "> 0.20", "", "", "> 0.16", "", ""], ["IgG anti-IGKC2−19", "0.72 (0.62–0.81)", "80.0% (67.7–89.2)", "60.0% (46.5–72.4)", "0.59 (0.47–0.70)", "65.7% (47.8–80.9)", "53.3% (40.0–66.3)", "0.1471"], ["Cutoff (OD450)", "", "> 0.41", "", "", "> 0.37", "", ""], ["IgG anti-IGKC2−19 HNE", "0.70 (0.61–0.79)", "78.3% (65.8–87.9)", "56.7% (43.2–69.4)", "0.55 (0.43–0.67)", "65.7% (47.9–80.9)", "50.0% (36.8–63.2)", "0.0917"], ["Cutoff (OD450)", "", "> 0.45", "", "", "> 0.39", "", ""], ["IgM anti-IGKC2−19", "0.83 (0.75–0.90)", "81.7% (69.6–90.5)", "60.0% (46.5–72.4)", "0.56 (0.44–0.68)", "57.1% (39.4–73.7)", "50.0% (36.8–63.2)", "< 0.0001"], ["Cutoff (OD450)", "", "> 0.61", "", "", "> 0.53", "", ""], ["IgM anti-IGKC2−19 HNE", "0.86 (0.79–0.93)", "83.3% (71.5–91.7)", "66.7% (53.3–78.3)", "0.58 (0.46–0.70)", "68.6% (50.7–83.2)", "51.7% (38.4–64.8)", "< 0.0001"], ["Cutoff (OD450)", "", "> 0.37", "", "", "> 0.32", "", ""], ["IgG anti-THRB328−345", "0.70 (0.61–0.79)", "66.7% (53.3–78.3)", "53.3% (40.0–66.3)", "0.53 (0.42–0.65)", "62.9% (44.9–78.5)", "48.3% (35.2–61.6)", "0.0086"], ["Cutoff (OD450)", "", "> 0.20", "", "", "> 0.19", "", ""], ["IgG anti-THRB328−345 HNE", "0.75 (0.67–0.84)", "80.0% (67.7–89.2)", "53.3% (40.0–66.3)", "0.60 (0.48–0.71)", "68.6% (50.7–83.2)", "50.0% (36.8–63.2)", "0.0087"], ["Cutoff (OD450)", "", "> 0.32", "", "", "> 0.31", "", ""], ["IgM anti-THRB328−345", "0.63 (0.53–0.73)", "63.3% (50.0–75.4)", "53.3% (40.0–66.3)", "0.56 (0.44–0.68)", "60.0% (42.1–76.1)", "53.3% (40.0–66.3)", "0.5845"], ["Cutoff (OD450)", "", "> 0.61", "", "", "> 0.60", "", ""], ["IgM anti-THRB328−345 HNE", "0.78 (0.69–0.86)", "76.7% (64.0–86.6)", "71.7% (58.6–82.6)", "0.56 (0.44–0.68)", "65.7% (47.8–80.9)", "46.7% (33.7–60.0)", "0.0001"], ["Cutoff (OD450)", "", "> 0.64", "", "", "> 0.52", "", ""]], "row_count": 34, "column_count": 8, "numeric_cells": 182, "header_rows": 2, "locator": "section[13]/table-wrap[2]#Tab2"}}, {"id": "asset:table:pmid:33568149:3", "role": "table", "format": "jats-table", "media_type": "application/vnd.jats.table+json", "uri": null, "sha256": "sha256:fc8ce78dc9008b66d2779170f9ee12b3a82131de07dfc5cf2ebe99ea2c736523", "bytes": 2775, "access": "open", "state": "verified", "reader": "read_table", "reader_status": "available", "identifier": "section[14]/table-wrap[1]#Tab3", "version": null, "note": "Correlations between autoantibody isotypes against unmodified and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE)-modified peptides and clinical variables in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients (n = 60)", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC7874460", "section_index": 14, "section_title": "Correlations of serum anti-unmodified and anti-HNE-modified peptide autoantibodies with clinical variables in RA patients", "row_count": 18, "column_count": 13}, "table": {"label": "Table 3", "caption": "Correlations between autoantibody isotypes against unmodified and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE)-modified peptides and clinical variables in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients (n = 60)", "rows": [["", "DAS28", "RF", "Anti-CCP", "CRP", "ESR", "HNE adduct"], ["r", "p value", "r", "p value", "r", "p value", "r", "p value", "r", "p value", "r", "p value"], ["IgG anti-CFAH1121−1230", "0.1580", "0.2279", "0.0968", "0.4696", "0.0108", "0.9347", "0.0229", "0.8659", "0.2076", "0.1115", "− 0.009", "0.9458"], ["IgG anti-CFAH1121−1230 HNE", "− 0.0441", "0.7379", "− 0.0035", "0.9794", "− 0.0359", "0.7852", "− 0.1446", "0.2831", "0.1359", "0.3006", "− 0.0082", "0.9501"], ["IgM anti-CFAH1121−1230", "0.0424", "0.7477", "0.0626", "0.6406", "0.2100", "0.1073", "− 0.0164", "0.9036", "0.0756", "0.5658", "− 0.0503", "0.7026"], ["IgM anti-CFAH1121−1230HNE", "0.0377", "0.7748", "0.0435", "0.746", "0.2192", "0.0924", "− 0.0821", "0.5435", "0.1343", "0.3063", "0.0302", "0.8186"], ["IgG anti-HPT78−108", "0.0929", "0.4804", "0.1386", "0.2996", "0.0659", "0.6169", "0.1138", "0.3994", "0.1695", "0.1954", "0.0754", "0.5670"], ["IgG anti-HPT78−108 HNE", "− 0.0266", "0.8400", "0.0195", "0.8848", "0.2782", "0.0314", "0.1081", "0.4236", "0.1346", "0.3052", "− 0.0593", "0.6529"], ["IgM anti-HPT78−108", "− 0.0171", "0.8969", "0.1711", "0.1992", "0.0877", "0.5051", "− 0.0591", "0.6623", "0.0074", "0.9555", "− 0.0453", "0.7310"], ["IgM anti-HPT78−108 HNE", "0.2703", "0.0367", "0.6140", "< 0.0001", "0.0294", "0.8238", "0.1236", "0.3596", "0.2180", "0.0943", "0.1836", "0.1603"], ["IgG anti-IGKC2−19", "− 0.3538", "0.0056", "− 0.1144", "0.3926", "− 0.0023", "0.9862", "− 0.1061", "0.4320", "− 0.123", "0.3597", "0.2097", "0.1078"], ["IgG anti-IGKC2−19 HNE", "0.6023", "− 0.3432", "0.0073", "− 0.1997", "0.1328", "0.1253", "0.3399", "− 0.0524", "0.6986", "− 0.0328", "0.8035", "0.0686"], ["IgM anti-IGKC2−19", "0.2816", "0.0293", "0.5674", "< 0.0001", "− 0.0588", "0.6553", "0.0511", "0.7059", "0.2692", "0.0376", "0.2667", "0.0394"], ["IgM anti-IGKC2−19 HNE", "0.2487", "0.0553", "0.5404", "< 0.0001", "0.2439", "0.0604", "0.0429", "0.7512", "0.2985", "0.0205", "0.2709", "0.0363"], ["IgG anti-THRB328−345", "0.2703", "0.0367", "0.6140", "< 0.0001", "0.2439", "0.0604", "0.1236", "0.3596", "0.218", "0.0943", "0.1836", "0.1603"], ["IgG anti-THRB328−345 HINE", "0.1274", "0.3320", "0.3072", "0.019", "0.2549", "0.0494", "− 0.0575", "0.6712", "0.1341", "0.307", "0.0170", "0.8972"], ["IgM anti-THRB328−345", "− 0.0637", "0.6290", "0.2207", "0.096", "− 0.0365", "0.7821", "− 0.0292", "0.8293", "− 0.1513", "0.2473", "− 0.2796", "0.0305"], ["IgM anti-THRB328−345 HNE", "0.0818", "0.5345", "0.2845", "0.0304", "− 0.0438", "0.7397", "0.081", "0.549", "0.2597", "0.0451", "0.1036", "0.4310"]], "row_count": 18, "column_count": 13, "numeric_cells": 209, "header_rows": 2, "locator": "section[14]/table-wrap[1]#Tab3"}}, {"id": "asset:table:pmid:33568149:4", "role": "table", "format": "jats-table", "media_type": "application/vnd.jats.table+json", "uri": null, "sha256": "sha256:7745041f544f84fa98b9d183d75a9b5c48f42ba2866ea9a36a83b34c13b7b7bd", "bytes": 2756, "access": "open", "state": "verified", "reader": "read_table", "reader_status": "available", "identifier": "section[15]/table-wrap[1]#Tab4", "version": null, "note": "Associations of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE)-protein adducts and autoantibody isotypes against unmodified and HNE-modified peptides in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients vs. healthy controls (HCs)", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC7874460", "section_index": 15, "section_title": "Associations of serum anti-unmodified and anti-HNE-modified peptide autoantibodies with RA patients compared to HCs", "row_count": 36, "column_count": 8}, "table": {"label": "Table 4", "caption": "Associations of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE)-protein adducts and autoantibody isotypes against unmodified and HNE-modified peptides in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients vs. healthy controls (HCs)", "rows": [["Risk factor", "", "Cutoff", "HC", "RA", "Age-adjusted logistic regression modela", "p value", "Power"], ["(n)", "(n)", "OR (95% CI)"], ["HNE-protein adduct", "<", "2.386", "26", "24", "1.0 (Ref)", "0.014", "0.743"], ["≥", "2.386", "34", "71", "2.413 (1.193, 4.880)", "", ""], ["IgG anti-CFAH1121−1230", "<", "0.175", "14", "8", "1.0 (Ref)", "0.013", "0.874"], ["≥", "0.175", "46", "87", "3.293 (1.286, 8.431)", "", ""], ["IgG anti-CFAH1121−1230 HNE", "<", "0.263", "46", "51", "1.0 (Ref)", "0.005", "0.870"], ["≥", "0.263", "14", "44", "2.808 (1.363, 5.785)", "", ""], ["IgM anti-CFAH1121−1230", "<", "0.609", "35", "20", "1.0 (Ref)", "< 0.001", "0.979"], ["≥", "0.609", "25", "75", "5.204 (2.550, 10.617)", "", ""], ["IgM anti-CFAH1121−1230 HNE", "<", "0.333", "39", "39", "1.0 (Ref)", "0.004", "0.838"], ["≥", "0.333", "21", "56", "2.700 (1.378, 5.289)", "", ""], ["IgG anti-HPT78−108", "<", "0.662", "35", "37", "1.0 (Ref)", "0.024", "0.645"], ["≥", "0.662", "25", "58", "2.156 (1.108, 4.193)", "", ""], ["IgG anti-HPT78−108 HNE", "<", "0.307", "41", "51", "1.0 (Ref)", "0.094", "0.455"], ["≥", "0.307", "19", "44", "1.821 (0.904, 3.672)", "", ""], ["IgM anti-HPT78−108", "<", "0.326", "40", "42", "1.0 (Ref)", "0.005", "0.841"], ["≥", "0.326", "20", "53", "2.695 (1.356, 5.354)", "", ""], ["IgM anti-HPT78−108 HNE", "<", "0.187", "39", "25", "1.0 (Ref)", "< 0.001", "0.985"], ["≥", "0.187", "21", "70", "5.235 (2.594, 10.565)", "", ""], ["IgG anti-IGKC2−19", "<", "0.392", "35", "22", "1.0 (Ref)", "< 0.001", "0.974"], ["≥", "0.392", "25", "73", "4.679 (2.317, 9.449)", "", ""], ["IgG anti-IGKC2−19 HNE", "<", "0.427", "33", "26", "1.0 (Ref)", "< 0.001", "0.905"], ["≥", "0.427", "27", "69", "3.206 (1.621, 6.340)", "", ""], ["IgM anti-IGKC2−19", "<", "0.743", "56", "50", "1.0 (Ref)", "< 0.001", "> 0.999"], ["≥", "0.743", "4", "45", "12.655 (4.244, 37.734)", "", ""], ["IgM anti-IGKC2−19 HNE", "<", "0.738", "53", "47", "1.0 (Ref)", "< 0.001", "> 0.999"], ["≥", "0.738", "7", "48", "8.095 (3.312, 19.780)", "", ""], ["IgG anti-THRB328−345", "<", "0.154", "19", "7", "1.0 (Ref)", "< 0.001", "0.951"], ["≥", "0.154", "41", "88", "5.761 (2.228, 14.895)", "", ""], ["IgG anti-THRB328−345 HNE", "<", "0.281", "26", "7", "1.0 (Ref)", "< 0.001", "0.962"], ["≥", "0.281", "34", "88", "9.524 (3.777, 24.012)", "", ""], ["IgM anti-THRB328−345", "<", "0.791", "46", "56", "1.0 (Ref)", "0.029", "0.697"], ["≥", "0.791", "14", "39", "2.249 (1.086, 4.659)", "", ""], ["IgM anti-THRB328−345 HNE", "<", "0.682", "48", "42", "1.0 (Ref)", "< 0.001", "0.992"], ["≥", "0.682", "12", "53", "5.043 (2.377, 10.696)", "", ""]], "row_count": 36, "column_count": 8, "numeric_cells": 187, "header_rows": 2, "locator": "section[15]/table-wrap[1]#Tab4"}}, {"id": "asset:table:pmid:33568149:5", "role": "table", "format": "jats-table", "media_type": "application/vnd.jats.table+json", "uri": null, "sha256": "sha256:f4a3f91da1be96b7da6dfede15a9c320505696dae6dfaf7348e7a82847d76c89", "bytes": 1276, "access": "open", "state": "verified", "reader": "read_table", "reader_status": "available", "identifier": "section[16]/table-wrap[1]#Tab5", "version": null, "note": "Feature importance ranking of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE)-protein adducts and autoantibody isotypes against unmodified and HNE-modified peptides in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients versus healthy controls (HCs) and osteoarthritis (OA) patients", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC7874460", "section_index": 16, "section_title": "Using serum anti-unmodified and anti-HNE-modified peptide autoantibodies to identify RA patients from HCs and OA patients", "row_count": 15, "column_count": 4}, "table": {"label": "Table 5", "caption": "Feature importance ranking of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE)-protein adducts and autoantibody isotypes against unmodified and HNE-modified peptides in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients versus healthy controls (HCs) and osteoarthritis (OA) patients", "rows": [["HC versus RA", "OA versus RA"], ["Score", "Feature", "Score", "Feature"], ["0.3496", "IgM anti-HPT78−108 HNE", "0.352", "IgM anti-HPT78−108 HNE"], ["0.2967", "IgM anti-IGKC2−19", "0.245", "IgM anti-IGKC2−19"], ["0.2921", "IgM anti-IGKC2−19 HNE", "0.223", "IgM anti-IGKC2−19 HNE"], ["0.1689", "IgM anti-THRB HNE", "0.186", "IgG anti-HPT78−108 HNE"], ["0.1395", "IgG anti-THRB328−345", "0.172", "IgG anti-CFAH1121−1230"], ["0.1382", "IgG anti-THRB328−345 HNE", 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all 16 features in decision trees, random forests, and support vector machines for healthy controls (HCs) versus rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and osteoarthritis (OA) versus RA patients", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC7874460", "section_index": 16, "section_title": "Using serum anti-unmodified and anti-HNE-modified peptide autoantibodies to identify RA patients from HCs and OA patients", "row_count": 9, "column_count": 7}, "table": {"label": "Table 6", "caption": "Predictive performance using all 16 features in decision trees, random forests, and support vector machines for healthy controls (HCs) versus rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and osteoarthritis (OA) versus RA patients", "rows": [["Algorithms*", "Accuracy", "Precision", "F1 score", "Sensitivity", "Specificity", "AUC"], ["HC v.s. 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RA"], ["DT", "0.78 (0.73–0.83)", "0.90 (0.85–0.95)", "0.77 (0.70–0.84)", "0.68 (0.58–0.78)", "0.89 (0.82–0.96)", "0.79 (0.74–0.83)"], ["RF", "0.80 (0.75–0.85)", "0.84 (0.78–0.90)", "0.84 (0.80–0.88)", "0.86 (0.79–0.92)", "0.68 (0.52–0.85)", "0.87 (0.82–0.92)"], ["SVM", "0.66 (0.56–0.70)", "0.66 (0.56–0.70)", "0.79 (0.72–0.82", "0.47 (0.33–0.60)", "0.93 (0.88–0.99)", "0.82 (0.80–0.85)"]], "row_count": 9, "column_count": 7, "numeric_cells": 36, "header_rows": 1, "locator": "section[16]/table-wrap[2]#Tab6"}}, {"id": "asset:table:pmid:33568149:7", "role": "table", "format": "jats-table", "media_type": "application/vnd.jats.table+json", "uri": null, "sha256": "sha256:258be13cfa3fba66f68a6d7a0aeb3b1b895dcd9e3db3260f1e385e076ca8366b", "bytes": 1785, "access": "open", "state": "verified", "reader": "read_table", "reader_status": "available", "identifier": "section[16]/table-wrap[3]#Tab7", "version": null, "note": "Improved predictive performance using only selected features in decision trees, random forests, and support vector machines for healthy controls (HCs) versus rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and osteoarthritis (OA) versus RA patients", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC7874460", "section_index": 16, "section_title": "Using serum anti-unmodified and anti-HNE-modified peptide autoantibodies to identify RA patients from HCs and OA patients", "row_count": 9, "column_count": 8}, "table": {"label": "Table 7", "caption": "Improved predictive performance using only selected features in decision trees, random forests, and support vector machines for healthy controls (HCs) versus rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and osteoarthritis (OA) versus RA patients", "rows": [["Algorithm*", "Accuracy", "Precision", "F1 score", "Sensitivity", "Specificity", "AUC", "Selected feature"], ["HC v.s. RA"], ["DT", "0.84 (0.80–0.87)", "0.92 (0.88–0.95)", "0.80 (0.76–0.85)", "0.73 (0.67–0.80)", "0.93 (0.89–0.97)", "0.86 (0.82–0.89)", "IgM anti-HPT78−108 HNEIgG anti-THRB328−345"], ["RF", "0.87 (0.85–0.90)", "0.91 (0.87–0.95)", "0.85 (0.82–0.88)", "0.81 (0.76–0.87)", "0.93 (0.91–0.96)", "0.92 (0.90–0.95)", "IgM anti-HPT78−108 HNEIgM anti-HPT78−108IgG anti-HPT78−108IgG anti-THRB328−345HNE adducts"], ["SVM", "0.71 (0.62–0.80)", "0.97 (0.91–1.00)", "0.56 (0.42–0.70)", "0.42 (0.27–0.58)", "0.98 (0.95–1.00)", "0.82 (0.75–0.89)", "IgM anti-HPT78−108 HNEIgG anti-HPT78−108 HNEIgM anti IGKC2−19IgM anti-CFAH1121−1230 HNE"], ["OA v.s. 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