Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Downregulates Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) Gene Expression in Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue: A Putative Protective Mechanism Against Severe COVID-19.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:33611766", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 9, "content_hash": "sha256:f7caf25e7682792cf3554148f290ce7e6088e3439d0579f03dd06f541042a625", "created_at": "2026-11-01T15:41:25Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:46:09Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Downregulates Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) Gene Expression in Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue: A Putative Protective Mechanism Against Severe COVID-19.", "doi": "10.1007/s11695-021-05271-7", "pmid": "33611766", "authors": ["Leonardo Kristem", "Mariana Recamonde-Mendoza", "Giuliano C Cigerza", "Jad Khoraki", "Guilherme M Campos", "Guilherme S Mazzini"], "journal": "Obesity surgery", "year": 2021, "abstract": "The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the receptor for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is highly expressed in adipose tissue, possibly associated with progression to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in obese subjects. We searched the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and reanalyzed the GSE59034 containing microarray data from subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT) biopsies from 16 women before and 2 years after RYGB, and 16 controls matched by sex, age, and BMI. After RYGB, there was a significant decrease in sWAT ACE2 gene expression (logFC=-0.4175, P=0.0015). Interestingly, after RYGB the sWAT ACE2 gene expression was significantly lower than in non-obese matched controls (LogFC=-0.32875, P=0.0014). Our data adds to the well-known benefits of RYGB, a potential protective mechanism against COVID-19.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "Differential expression was assessed using linear models provided by the limma R package v. 3.42.2, which are more stable and improve the statistical power of differential expression analysis, especially for small sample sizes.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:33611766", "locator": "sections[3] \"Statistical Analyses\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Differential expression was assessed using linear models provided by the limma R package v. 3.42.2, which are more stable and improve the statistical power of differential expression analysis, especially for small sample sizes."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "Pre-processed log2-transformed gene expression data were obtained from GEO using GEOquery R package v. 2.54.1.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:33611766", "locator": "sections[2] \"Methods\" paragraph 3", "quote": "Pre-processed log2-transformed gene expression data were obtained from GEO using GEOquery R package v. 2.54.1."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": null, "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:33611766"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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