Identification of Five Glycolysis-Related Gene Signature and Risk Score Model for Colorectal Cancer.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:33747908", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 8, "content_hash": "sha256:241fcffc650b6461f0397412d9cf11b012d0a03d74e7ba4c39eb26720c161313", "created_at": "2026-11-01T15:41:29Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:46:21Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Identification of Five Glycolysis-Related Gene Signature and Risk Score Model for Colorectal Cancer.", "doi": "10.3389/fonc.2021.588811", "pmid": "33747908", "authors": ["Jun Zhu", "Shuai Wang", "Han Bai", "Ke Wang", "Jun Hao", "Jian Zhang", "Jipeng Li"], "journal": "Frontiers in oncology", "year": 2021, "abstract": "Metabolic changes, especially in glucose metabolism, are widely established during the occurrence and development of tumors and regarded as biological markers of pan-cancer. The well-known 'Warburg effect' demonstrates that cancer cells prefer aerobic glycolysis even if there is sufficient ambient oxygen. Accumulating evidence suggests that aerobic glycolysis plays a pivotal role in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. However, few studies have examined the relationship of glycolytic gene clusters with prognosis of CRC patients. Here, our aim is to build a glycolysis-associated gene signature as a biomarker for colorectal cancer. The mRNA sequencing and corresponding clinical data were downloaded from TCGA and GEO databases. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed, indicating that four gene clusters were significantly enriched, which revealed the inextricable relationship of CRC with glycolysis. By comparing gene expression of cancer and adjacent samples, 236 genes were identified. Univariate, multivariate, and LASSO Cox regression analyses screened out five prognostic-related genes (ENO3, GPC1, P4HA1, SPAG4, and STC2). Kaplan-Meier curves and receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC, AUC = 0.766) showed that the risk model could become an effective prognostic indicator (P < 0.001). Multivariate Cox analysis also revealed that this risk model is independent of age and TNM stages. We further validated this risk model in external cohorts (GES38832 and GSE39582), showing these five glycolytic genes could emerge as reliable predictors for CRC patients' outcomes. Lastly, based on five genes and risk score, we construct a nomogram model assessed by C-index (0.7905) and calibration plot. In conclusion, we highlighted the clinical significance of glycolysis in CRC and constructed a glycolysis-related prognostic model, providing a promising target for glycolysis regulation in CRC.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "298 genes were extracted from the four gene sets enriched by GESA, and the linear models for microarray data (LIMMA) R package was performed for DEGs identified between paracancerous and cancer samples.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:33747908", "locator": "sections[5] \"Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes and Prognostic Genes\" paragraph 2", "quote": "298 genes were extracted from the four gene sets enriched by GESA, and the linear models for microarray data (LIMMA) R package was performed for DEGs identified between paracancerous and cancer samples."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/supplementary material. Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding authors.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:33747908", "locator": "sections[23] \"Data Availability Statement\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/supplementary material. 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