EGF Induces Migration Independent of EMT or Invasion in A549 Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:33777943", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 8, "content_hash": "sha256:b7f1ee2e1d10a777bfcd137a3712f0a55d98bfc95d96036eee80bb82e602e3f9", "created_at": "2026-11-01T15:41:30Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:46:24Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "EGF Induces Migration Independent of EMT or Invasion in A549 Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells.", "doi": "10.3389/fcell.2021.634371", "pmid": "33777943", "authors": ["Karin Schelch", "Lisa Vogel", "Anja Schneller", "Jelena Brankovic", "Thomas Mohr", "Rupert L Mayer", "Astrid Slany", "Christopher Gerner", "Michael Grusch"], "journal": "Frontiers in cell and developmental biology", "year": 2021, "abstract": "Tumors and the tumor microenvironment produce multiple growth factors that influence cancer cell behavior via various signal transduction pathways. Growth factors, like transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and epidermal growth factor (EGF), have been shown to induce proliferation, migration, and invasion in different cell models. Both factors are frequently overexpressed in cancer and will often act in combination. Although both factors are being used as rational targets in clinical oncology, the similarities and differences of their contributions to cancer cell migration and invasion are not fully understood. Here we compared the impact of treating A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells with TGFβ, EGF, and both in combination by applying videomicroscopy, functional assays, immunoblotting, real-time PCR, and proteomics. Treatment with both factors stimulated A549 migration to a similar extent, but with different kinetics. The combination had an additive effect. EGF-induced migration depended on activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. However, this pathway was dispensable for TGFβ-induced migration, despite a strong activation of this pathway by TGFβ. Proteome analysis (data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD023024) revealed an overlap in expression patterns of migration-related proteins and associated gene ontology (GO) terms by TGFβ and EGF. Further, only TGFβ induced the expression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins like matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2). EGF, in contrast, made no major contribution to EMT marker expression on either the protein or the transcript level. In line with these expression patterns, TGFβ treatment significantly increased the invasive capacity of A549 cells, while EGF treatment did not. Moreover, the addition of EGF failed to enhance TGFβ-induced invasion. Overall, these data suggest that TGFβ and EGF can partly compensate for each other for stimulation of cell migration, but abrogation of TGFβ signaling may be more suitable to suppress cell invasion.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "Data on cell behavior are from at least three independent experiments each and were analyzed for statistical differences by one-way ANOVA with Sidak’s or Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test with Prism 8.0 (GraphPad).", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:33777943", "locator": "sections[13] \"Statistical Analysis\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Data on cell behavior are from at least three independent experiments each and were analyzed for statistical differences by one-way ANOVA with Sidak’s or Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test with Prism 8.0 (GraphPad)."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE (Perez-Riverol et al., 2019) partner repository with the dataset identifier PXD023024 and 10.6019/PXD02302.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:33777943", "locator": "sections[23] \"Data Availability Statement\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE (Perez-Riverol et al., 2019) partner repository with the dataset identifier PXD023024 and 10.6019/PXD02302."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "partial", "objective": null, "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:33777943"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "blocked", "blocked_on": "data:accession_absent", "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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Here we compared the impact of treating A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells with TGFβ, EGF, an", "mics. Treatment with both factors stimulated A549 migration to a similar extent, but with diff", "ificantly increased the invasive capacity of A549 cells, while EGF treatment did not. Moreover"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:12", "id": "assay:1"}, {"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "western_blot", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.99, "evidence": ["applying videomicroscopy, functional assays, immunoblotting, real-time PCR, and proteomics. Treatment wi", "a file. Supplementary DataScans of uncropped immunoblots.Click here for additional data file. Supplem", "a file. 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