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pmid:33787354

Identification of an Immune Gene Signature Based on Tumor Microenvironment Characteristics in Colon Adenocarcinoma.

Ying Chen · Jia Zhao

Cell transplantation · 2021 doi:10.1177/09636897211001314

Paper

complete

Experiment

complete

Data

partial

Analysis

partial

Execution

absent

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pmid:33787354
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2026-11-01T15:41:30Z
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title
Identification of an Immune Gene Signature Based on Tumor Microenvironment Characteristics in Colon Adenocarcinoma.
doi
10.1177/09636897211001314
pmid
33787354
authors array · 2 items
[0]
Ying Chen
[1]
Jia Zhao
journal
Cell transplantation
year
2021
abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME) changes are related to the occurrence and development of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of the immune microenvironment in CC, as well as the microenvironment's relationship with the clinical features of CC. Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GSE39582 cohorts, the scores of 22 tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were calculated using CIBERSORT. ConsensusClusterPlus was used for unsupervised clustering. Three TME subtypes (TMEC1, TMEC2, and TME3) were identified based on TIL scores. TMEC2 was associated with the worst prognosis. Random forest, k-means clustering, and principal component analysis were used to construct the TME score risk signature. The median TME score was used to divide the samples into high- and low-risk groups. The prognoses of the patients with high TME scores were worse than those of the patients with low TME scores. A high TME score was an independent prognostic risk factor for patients with colon cancer. The Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) results showed that those with high TME scores were enriched in FOCAL_ADHESION, ECM_RECEPTOR_INTERACTION, and PATHWAYS_IN_CANCER. Our findings will provide a new strategy for immunotherapy in patients with CC.
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The Kaplan-Meier method was used to generate a survival curve for the subgroups in each data set, and the log rank test was used to determine the statistical significance at the level of P < 0.05.
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sections[12] "Statistical Analysis" paragraph 2
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The Kaplan-Meier method was used to generate a survival curve for the subgroups in each data set, and the log rank test was used to determine the statistical significance at the level of P < 0.05.
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sections[3] "Data Downloads and Processing" paragraph 2
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Clinical follow-up information was downloaded using the TCGA Genomic Data Commons (GDC) application performing interface (API), with 499 RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) samples.
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570
taxon
Homo sapiens
title
Gene expression Classification of Colon Cancer defines six molecular subtypes with distinct clinical, molecular and survival characteristics [Expression]
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2026-11-01T15:39:54Z
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Clinical Information of the Two Cohorts.
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PMC8020110
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3
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Data Downloads and Processing
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22
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4
table object · 8 fields
label
Table 1.
caption
Clinical Information of the Two Cohorts.
rows array · 22 items
[0] array · 3 items
[0]
Characteristic
[1]
TCGA datasets (n = 427)
[2]
GSE39582 (n = 567)
[1] array · 4 items
[0]
Age (years)
[1]
<=60
[2]
133
[3]
160
[2] array · 3 items
[0]
>60
[1]
294
[2]
406
[3] array · 4 items
[0]
Survival Status
[1]
Living
[2]
331
[3]
379
[4] array · 3 items
[0]
Dead
[1]
96
[2]
188
[5] array · 4 items
[0]
Gender
[1]
female
[2]
197
[3]
254
[6] array · 3 items
[0]
male
[1]
230
[2]
313
[7] array · 4 items
[0]
pathologic_T
[1]
T 1
[2]
10
[3]
12
[8] array · 3 items
[0]
T 2
[1]
73
[2]
47
[9] array · 3 items
[0]
T 3
[1]
293
[2]
367
[10] array · 3 items
[0]
T 4
[1]
50
[2]
117
[11] array · 4 items
[0]
pathologic_N
[1]
N 0
[2]
248
[3]
304
[12] array · 3 items
[0]
N 1
[1]
103
[2]
131
[13] array · 3 items
[0]
N 2
[1]
76
[2]
100
[14] array · 3 items
[0]
N 3
[1]
0
[2]
6
[15] array · 4 items
[0]
pathologic_M
[1]
M 0
[2]
315
[3]
486
[16] array · 3 items
[0]
M 1
[1]
60
[2]
59
[17] array · 3 items
[0]
M X
[1]
47
[2]
2
[18] array · 4 items
[0]
Tumor Stage
[1]
Stage I
[2]
70
[3]
37
[19] array · 3 items
[0]
Stage II
[1]
162
[2]
263
[20] array · 3 items
[0]
Stage III
[1]
124
[2]
205
[21] array · 3 items
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Stage IV
[1]
60
[2]
58
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Univariate Analysis and Multivariate Analysis Based on the TME Score and Clinical Features.
structure object · 5 fields
pmcid
PMC8020110
section_index
20
section_title
Univariate and Multivariate Analyses Based on the TME Scores and Clinical Features
row_count
14
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9
table object · 8 fields
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Table 2.
caption
Univariate Analysis and Multivariate Analysis Based on the TME Score and Clinical Features.
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Tag
[1]
Univariate cox analysis
[2]
Multivariate cox analysis
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HR
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Low 95% CI
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High 95% CI
[4]
P-value
[5]
HR
[6]
Low 95% CI
[7]
High 95% CI
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T2/T1
[1]
0.788434
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0.740422
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0.082446
[4]
6.64951
[5]
0.085299
[6]
0.065833
[7]
0.002969
[8]
1.459724
[3] array · 9 items
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T3/T1
[1]
0.360699
[2]
2.512314
[3]
0.348494
[4]
18.11141
[5]
0.118638
[6]
0.08934
[7]
0.004301
[8]
1.855684
[4] array · 9 items
[0]
T4/T1
[1]
0.042337
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8.024114
[3]
1.074698
[4]
59.91117
[5]
0.308283
[6]
0.204286
[7]
0.009623
[8]
4.336691
[5] array · 9 items
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N1/N0
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0.016565
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1.873784
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1.121118
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3.131757
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0.009559
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0.245076
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0.084607
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0.709894
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N2/N0
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2.47E-10
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4.529375
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2.837032
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7.231233
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0.14687
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0.467768
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0.167579
[8]
1.305696
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M1/M0
[1]
9.47E-12
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4.904907
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3.104477
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7.749487
[5]
0.002335
[6]
163.7793
[7]
6.144636
[8]
4365.376
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[0]
Stage II/ I
[1]
0.083332
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2.881514
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0.869774
[4]
9.546303
[5]
0.106173
[6]
13.42297
[7]
0.574952
[8]
313.3757
[9] array · 9 items
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Stage III/ I
[1]
0.005062
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5.455357
[3]
1.665799
[4]
17.86585
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0.009409
[6]
77.0099
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2.901863
[8]
2043.696
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Stage IV/I
[1]
6.63E-06
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15.28265
[3]
4.666812
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50.04687
[5]
NA
[6]
NA
[7]
NA
[8]
NA
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0.200744
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1.352589
[3]
0.851595
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2.14832
[5]
0.001154
[6]
2.594517
[7]
1.460013
[8]
4.610589
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[0]
Gender
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0.41197
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1.18459
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0.790348
[4]
1.775487
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0.370362
[6]
0.811356
[7]
0.513535
[8]
1.281897
[13] array · 9 items
[0]
TME Score
[1]
2.98E-06
[2]
2.718282
[3]
1.786924
[4]
4.135071
[5]
0.00036
[6]
2.013549
[7]
1.370871
[8]
2.957523
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Correlation Between TMEscore and Immune Cells.
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PMC8020110
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22
section_title
Relationships Between the TME Scores and Immune Cells
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23
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3
table object · 8 fields
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Table 3.
caption
Correlation Between TMEscore and Immune Cells.
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Tag
[1]
R
[2]
P-value
[1] array · 3 items
[0]
B cells naive
[1]
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1
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[1]
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0.354214610059808
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T cells CD8
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T cells CD4 naive
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1
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locator
section[22]/table-wrap[1]#table3-09636897211001314
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[0]
asset:data:geo:GSE39582 not downloaded
[1]
asset:data:geo:GSE39582 licence not read
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partial
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[0] object · 10 fields
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method-1
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survival_analysis
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kaplan_meier
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Survival analysis
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[0]
survival_km
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parameters object · 0 fields
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time_to_event_with_censoring
evidence object · 3 fields
score
1
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verbatim
quote
The Kaplan-Meier method was used to generate a survival curve for the subgroups in each data set, and the log rank test was used to determine the statistical significance at the level of P < 0.05.
[1] object · 10 fields
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method-2
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group_comparison
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mann_whitney
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Group comparison
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group_comparison_mann_whitney
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false
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two_or_more_groups_continuous
evidence object · 3 fields
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Mann-Whitney
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method-3
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group_summary
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two_or_more_groups_continuous
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analysis of variance
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method-4
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survival_analysis
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Survival analysis
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logrank_test
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time_to_event_with_censoring
evidence object · 3 fields
score
0.8
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high
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log rank
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method-5
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Principal component analysis
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pca_fit
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wide_numeric_matrix
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principal component analysis
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method-6
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machine_learning
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Machine learning
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machine_learning_random_forest
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labelled_feature_matrix
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method-7
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Correlation analysis
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spearman_rho
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paired_numeric_columns
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complete
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[0] object · 6 fields
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capability:computational_analysis
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meta_analysis
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machine_learning
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gwas
candidate
Automated Assays Laravel application and simulated adapters
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survival_km
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basis
The paper names the method it used and the corpus's method extractor maps it onto the DSL catalogue: kaplan_meier.
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capability:computational_analysis
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The computational analysis is owned. The physical bench the paper used is not, so a physical validation cannot be run here.
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GSE39582
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[0]
GSE39582
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[0]
Clinical follow-up information was downloaded using the TCGA Genomic Data Commons (GDC) application performing interface (API), with 499 RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) samples.
basis
The paper names GSE39582 in National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), Gene Expression Omnibus and the accession resolves in the repository. No dataset was downloaded and no licence was read.
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survival_km
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source:pmid:33787354
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run_analysis
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minimax
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minimax
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2026-10-31T18:28:44Z
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pmid:33787354
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PMID 33787354 full text
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data:geo:GSE39582
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GEO GSE39582
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pmid:33787354
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PMID 33787354 full text
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data:geo:GSE39582
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GEO GSE39582
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extraction
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source:pmid:33787354
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agent:corpus-assay-engine
agents array · 2 items
[0] object · 3 fields
id
agent:corpus-assay-engine
type
software
label
Corpus assay engine
[1] object · 3 fields
id
agent:minimax-reader
type
software
label
MiniMax literature reader
source_run_id
reading-sci-2026-11-01
dsl_catalogue_fingerprint
343fb30756ba6ec3
capability_table_fingerprint
2cb3e42f047d2ecf
snapshot_id
ba34b49490d9bfaf
lineage object · 4 fields
parent_id
pmid:33787354
parent_hash
sha256:574da0479aad13bf7b24412998d30f076c86a0b4a4f33e689409badbf2f76145
fork_of
null
gaps array · 7 items
[0]
asset:data:geo:GSE39582 licence not read
[1]
asset:data:geo:GSE39582 not downloaded
[2]
execution.not_run
[3]
method.reader_differs_from_extractor
[4]
review.human_critique
[5]
review.independent_reader
[6]
review.machine_critique
assays array · 1 item
[0] object · 11 fields
role
analysis
definition_id
survival_analysis
definition_version
f2132e96ae6c7a4e
required_operations array · 1 item
[0]
survival_km
support_state
supported
source_hashes object · 1 field
dsl_catalogue
f2132e96ae6c7a4e
evidence array · 1 item
[0]
The Kaplan-Meier method was used to generate a survival curve for the subgroups in each data set, and the log rank test was used to determine the statistical significance at the level of P < 0.05.
order_basis
analysis_only
id
assay:1
Complete file
{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:33787354", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 9, "content_hash": "sha256:49e89d3729cfe0f0beb3ad0df0ed730c30e68726a2cb4dcc821b2c925151aed4", "created_at": "2026-11-01T15:41:30Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:46:25Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Identification of an Immune Gene Signature Based on Tumor Microenvironment Characteristics in Colon Adenocarcinoma.", "doi": "10.1177/09636897211001314", "pmid": "33787354", "authors": ["Ying Chen", "Jia Zhao"], "journal": "Cell transplantation", "year": 2021, "abstract": "Tumor microenvironment (TME) changes are related to the occurrence and development of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of the immune microenvironment in CC, as well as the microenvironment's relationship with the clinical features of CC. Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GSE39582 cohorts, the scores of 22 tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were calculated using CIBERSORT. ConsensusClusterPlus was used for unsupervised clustering. Three TME subtypes (TMEC1, TMEC2, and TME3) were identified based on TIL scores. TMEC2 was associated with the worst prognosis. Random forest, k-means clustering, and principal component analysis were used to construct the TME score risk signature. The median TME score was used to divide the samples into high- and low-risk groups. The prognoses of the patients with high TME scores were worse than those of the patients with low TME scores. A high TME score was an independent prognostic risk factor for patients with colon cancer. The Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) results showed that those with high TME scores were enriched in FOCAL_ADHESION, ECM_RECEPTOR_INTERACTION, and PATHWAYS_IN_CANCER. Our findings will provide a new strategy for immunotherapy in patients with CC.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "The Kaplan-Meier method was used to generate a survival curve for the subgroups in each data set, and the log rank test was used to determine the statistical significance at the level of P < 0.05.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:33787354", "locator": "sections[12] \"Statistical Analysis\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The Kaplan-Meier method was used to generate a survival curve for the subgroups in each data set, and the log rank test was used to determine the statistical significance at the level of P < 0.05."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "Clinical follow-up information was downloaded using the TCGA Genomic Data Commons (GDC) application performing interface (API), with 499 RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) samples.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:33787354", "locator": "sections[3] \"Data Downloads and Processing\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Clinical follow-up information was downloaded using the TCGA Genomic Data Commons (GDC) application performing interface (API), with 499 RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) samples."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": null, "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:33787354"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE39582"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE39582"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": []}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:33787354", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.1177/09636897211001314", "sha256": 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499 RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) samples.", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "Clinical follow-up information was downloaded using the TCGA Genomic Data Commons (GDC) application performing interface (API), with 499 RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) samples.", "access_statement_kind": "repository_route_statement", "sample_accessions": ["GSM1681353", "GSM1681354", "GSM1681355", "GSM1681356", "GSM1681357", "GSM1681358", "GSM1681359", "GSM1681360", "GSM1681361", "GSM1681362", "GSM1681363", "GSM1681364", "GSM1681365", "GSM1681366", "GSM1681367", "GSM1681368", "GSM1681369", "GSM1681370", "GSM1681371", "GSM971957", "GSM971958", "GSM971959", "GSM971960", "GSM971961", "GSM971962", "GSM971963", "GSM971964", "GSM971965", "GSM971966", "GSM971967", "GSM971968", "GSM971969", "GSM971970", "GSM971971", "GSM971972", "GSM971973", "GSM971974", "GSM971975", "GSM971976", "GSM971977", "GSM971978", "GSM971979", "GSM971980", "GSM971981", "GSM971982", 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"GSM972522"], "sample_count": 585, "group_sizes": null, "group_sizes_basis": null, "platform": "570", "taxon": "Homo sapiens", "title": "Gene expression Classification of Colon Cancer defines six molecular subtypes with distinct clinical, molecular and survival characteristics [Expression]", "resolution_checked_at": "2026-11-01T15:39:54Z", "resolution_check": "identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}, {"id": "asset:table:pmid:33787354:1", "role": "table", "format": "jats-table", "media_type": "application/vnd.jats.table+json", "uri": null, "sha256": "sha256:9eb930d7275800d4a33d3346e8440a236df4bd02ec1d6fcec5f0ee41c71fe925", "bytes": 806, "access": "open", "state": "verified", "reader": "read_table", "reader_status": "available", "identifier": "section[3]/table-wrap[1]#table1-09636897211001314", "version": null, "note": "Clinical Information of the Two Cohorts.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC8020110", "section_index": 3, "section_title": "Data Downloads and Processing", "row_count": 22, "column_count": 4}, "table": {"label": "Table 1.", "caption": "Clinical Information of the Two Cohorts.", "rows": [["Characteristic", "TCGA datasets (n = 427)", "GSE39582 (n = 567)"], ["Age (years)", "<=60", "133", "160"], [">60", "294", "406"], ["Survival Status", "Living", "331", "379"], ["Dead", "96", "188"], ["Gender", "female", "197", "254"], ["male", "230", "313"], ["pathologic_T", "T 1", "10", "12"], ["T 2", "73", "47"], ["T 3", "293", "367"], ["T 4", "50", "117"], ["pathologic_N", "N 0", "248", "304"], ["N 1", "103", "131"], ["N 2", "76", "100"], ["N 3", "0", "6"], ["pathologic_M", "M 0", "315", "486"], ["M 1", "60", "59"], ["M X", "47", "2"], ["Tumor Stage", "Stage I", "70", "37"], ["Stage II", "162", "263"], ["Stage III", "124", "205"], ["Stage IV", "60", "58"]], "row_count": 22, "column_count": 4, "numeric_cells": 56, "header_rows": 1, "locator": "section[3]/table-wrap[1]#table1-09636897211001314"}}, {"id": 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CI", "High 95% CI"], ["T2/T1", "0.788434", "0.740422", "0.082446", "6.64951", "0.085299", "0.065833", "0.002969", "1.459724"], ["T3/T1", "0.360699", "2.512314", "0.348494", "18.11141", "0.118638", "0.08934", "0.004301", "1.855684"], ["T4/T1", "0.042337", "8.024114", "1.074698", "59.91117", "0.308283", "0.204286", "0.009623", "4.336691"], ["N1/N0", "0.016565", "1.873784", "1.121118", "3.131757", "0.009559", "0.245076", "0.084607", "0.709894"], ["N2/N0", "2.47E-10", "4.529375", "2.837032", "7.231233", "0.14687", "0.467768", "0.167579", "1.305696"], ["M1/M0", "9.47E-12", "4.904907", "3.104477", "7.749487", "0.002335", "163.7793", "6.144636", "4365.376"], ["Stage II/ I", "0.083332", "2.881514", "0.869774", "9.546303", "0.106173", "13.42297", "0.574952", "313.3757"], ["Stage III/ I", "0.005062", "5.455357", "1.665799", "17.86585", "0.009409", "77.0099", "2.901863", "2043.696"], ["Stage IV/I", "6.63E-06", "15.28265", "4.666812", "50.04687", "NA", "NA", "NA", "NA"], ["Age", "0.200744", "1.352589", "0.851595", "2.14832", "0.001154", "2.594517", "1.460013", "4.610589"], ["Gender", "0.41197", "1.18459", "0.790348", "1.775487", "0.370362", "0.811356", "0.513535", "1.281897"], ["TME Score", "2.98E-06", "2.718282", "1.786924", "4.135071", "0.00036", "2.013549", "1.370871", "2.957523"]], "row_count": 14, "column_count": 9, "numeric_cells": 96, "header_rows": 2, "locator": "section[20]/table-wrap[1]#table2-09636897211001314"}}, {"id": "asset:table:pmid:33787354:3", "role": "table", "format": "jats-table", "media_type": "application/vnd.jats.table+json", "uri": null, "sha256": "sha256:94fa593b6958fb1c0ed27802b1941044f5dfebbc8ca69b10bb4ebd46cb08bcd1", "bytes": 1460, "access": "open", "state": "verified", "reader": "read_table", "reader_status": "available", "identifier": "section[22]/table-wrap[1]#table3-09636897211001314", "version": null, "note": "Correlation Between TMEscore and Immune Cells.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC8020110", "section_index": 22, "section_title": "Relationships Between the TME Scores and Immune Cells", "row_count": 23, "column_count": 3}, "table": {"label": "Table 3.", "caption": "Correlation Between TMEscore and Immune Cells.", "rows": [["Tag", "R", "P-value"], ["B cells naive", "0.199217973890225", "0.000709875609957349"], ["B cells memory", "0.0348579878987621", "1"], ["Plasma cells", "−0.111811114292333", "0.354214610059808"], ["T cells CD8", "0.0942277711192144", "0.775282449719287"], ["T cells CD4 naive", "0.0309884863300497", "1"], ["T cells CD4 memory resting", "0.228067146791613", "4.21996417212415e-05"], ["T cells CD4 memory activated", "0.143578280975776", "0.0559182638855866"], ["T cells follicular helper", "0.0394924450297709", "1"], ["T cells regulatory (Tregs)", "0.10499467562999", "0.481023337835375"], ["T cells gamma delta", "−0.138423244849318", "0.0748726574775479"], ["NK cells resting", "0.00221747458689814", "1"], ["NK cells activated", "−0.0602205025871069", "1"], ["Monocytes", "0.00129294704540079", "1"], ["Macrophages M0", "0.159121437982563", "0.0193721789134318"], ["Macrophages M1", "0.00163972460534322", "1"], ["Macrophages M2", "−0.0532367111085018", "1"], ["Dendritic cells resting", "−0.0710878531228252", "1"], ["Dendritic cells activated", "−0.0914225309831241", "0.827171858978039"], ["Mast cells resting", "−0.0068291170712964", "1"], ["Mast cells activated", "0.00694292534679881", "1"], ["Eosinophils", "−0.0735116628567726", "1"], ["Neutrophils", "−0.0238206340464072", "1"]], "row_count": 23, "column_count": 3, "numeric_cells": 44, "header_rows": 1, "locator": "section[22]/table-wrap[1]#table3-09636897211001314"}}], "gaps": ["asset:data:geo:GSE39582 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE39582 licence not read"]}, "analysis": {"state": "partial", "methods": [{"id": "method-1", "family": "survival_analysis", "specific": "kaplan_meier", "label": "Survival analysis", "dsl_operations": ["survival_km"], "missing_operations": [], "expressible": true, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": 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