Proteomic Analysis of Mycelial Exudates of Ustilaginoidea virens.

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Exudation of droplets is a common feature in many fungi, but the functions of exudates are undetermined. As the executors of life functions, proteins can intuitively reflect the functions of exudates. Shotgun proteomics were used in this study. A total of 650 proteins were identified in the exudate of U. virens, and the raw data were made available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD019861. There were 57 subcategories and 167 pathways annotated with Gene Ontology (GO) classification and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, respectively. Through protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, it was found that 20 proteins participated in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Two separate PPI analyses were performed for carbon metabolism and microbial metabolism in diverse environments. After comparing and annotating the functions of proteins of the exudate, it was speculated that the exudate was involved in the construction and remodeling of the fungal cell wall. Pathogenicity, sporulation, and antioxidant effects might all be affected by the exudate.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were carried out with Fisher’s exact test and FDR correction for multiple tests was also performed.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:33803797", "locator": "sections[14] \"4.5. 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Protein Identification", "row_count": 26, "column_count": 3}, "table": {"label": "Table 1", "caption": "List of proteins identified with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in the exudates of Ustilaginoidea virens.", "rows": [["NO a", "Protein Functions b", "Protein IDs c"], ["1", "fungal-type cell wall organization", "KDB16044.1, KDB16026.1, KDB12967.1, KDB17270.1, KDB13423.1, KDB12509.1, KDB10968.1, KDB12449.1"], ["2", "pathogenesis", "KDB16026.1, KDB18474.1, KDB18473.1, KDB13423.1, KDB13264.1, KDB17801.1, KDB14282.1, KDB12970.1, KDB12705.1, KDB12369.1, KDB12341.1, KDB12056.1, KDB12863.1, KDB14729.1, KDB12463.1, KDB18714.1, KDB11931.1, KDB11462.1"], ["3", "response to oxidative stress", "KDB14292.1, KDB12590.1, KDB18386.1, KDB17179.1, KDB13850.1, KDB15471.1, KDB13484.1, KDB11596.1, KDB11345.1, KDB11441.1, KDB15626.1, KDB16892.1, KDB13523.1, KDB15731.1, KDB18611.1, KDB16877.1, KDB17534.1"], ["4", "sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore", "KDB13075.1, KDB17876.1"], ["5", "ascospore formation", "KDB12701.1, KDB11591.1"], ["6", "spore germination", "KDB17080.1"], ["7", "cell wall organization", "KDB16967.1, KDB18910.1, KDB15368.1, KDB12546.1, KDB14267.1, KDB19043.1, KDB12613.1, KDB14252.1, KDB13987.1, KDB18188.1, KDB11503.1, KDB16319.1"], ["8", "cellular response to osmotic stress", "KDB18447.1, KDB11395.1, KDB13915.1, KDB18874.1, KDB17080.1"], ["9", "carbohydrate metabolic process", "KDB14278.1, KDB18474.1, KDB18473.1, KDB18838.1, KDB14575.1, KDB11829.1, KDB14601.1, KDB14600.1, KDB15368.1, KDB12546.1, KDB11271.1, KDB14684.1, KDB12548.1, KDB15611.1, KDB10889.1, KDB14267.1, KDB14320.1, KDB12419.1, KDB18213.1, KDB13612.1, KDB15373.1, KDB13423.1, KDB11780.1"], ["10", "cell redox homeostasis", "KDB16889.1, KDB12590.1, KDB18386.1, KDB17179.1, KDB18140.1"], ["11", "cellulose catabolic process", "KDB12033.1, KDB16140.1, KDB12252.1, KDB16790.1, KDB11955.1, KDB16468.1, KDB13443.1"], ["12", "chitin catabolic process", "KDB15606.1, KDB11464.1, KDB12586.1"], ["13", "oxidation–reduction process", "KDB16889.1, KDB18474.1, KDB18473.1, KDB17420.1, KDB12801.1, KDB15461.1, KDB12059.1"], ["14", "filamentous growth", "KDB16843.1"], ["15", "tricarboxylic acid cycle", "KDB12786.1, KDB14278.1, KDB14601.1, KDB14600.1, KDB10889.1, KDB13150.1, KDB16991.1, KDB17192.1, KDB16006.1, KDB11543.1, KDB10744.1, KDB14658.1, KDB17818.1, KDB11496.1"], ["16", "translation", "KDB17180.1, KDB17178.1, KDB13202.1, KDB17437.1, KDB17624.1, KDB16501.1, KDB12514.1, KDB15720.1, KDB18497.1, KDB13460.1, KDB12690.1, KDB11557.1, KDB18340.1, KDB13903.1, KDB18121.1, KDB17697.1, KDB12335.1, KDB16500.1, KDB11526.1, KDB11525.1, KDB11907.1, KDB15905.1, KDB16255.1, KDB15436.1, KDB14900.1, KDB13937.1, KDB13450.1, KDB11439.1"], ["17", "amino acid metabolism process", "KDB12840.1, KDB18587.1, KDB14255.1, KDB18363.1, KDB16051.1, KDB18484.1, KDB12951.1, KDB13778.1, KDB13915.1, KDB13888.1, KDB14012.1, KDB14608.1, KDB13578.1, KDB16028.1, KDB11789.1, KDB11862.1, KDB16889.1, KDB16190.1, KDB11291.1, KDB12646.1, KDB11239.1, KDB11321.1, KDB12537.1, KDB18031.1, KDB11222.1, KDB17215.1, KDB15208.1, KDB16374.1, KDB18200.1, KDB16669.1, KDB18959.1, KDB10792.1, KDB18706.1, KDB18773.1, KDB11366.1, KDB11543.1, KDB15471.1, KDB15846.1, KDB12825.1, KDB11677.1, KDB18285.1, KDB12314.1, KDB17813.1, KDB15640.1, KDB16843.1, KDB12482.1, KDB17017.1, KDB11426.1, KDB14889.1, KDB11692.1, KDB13308.1, KDB15264.1, KDB18161.1, KDB15909.1, KDB13150.1, KDB12414.1, KDB13272.1, KDB12151.1"], ["18", "fatty acid biosynthetic process", "KDB13931.1, KDB13929.1, KDB16107.1"], ["19", "glycolytic process", "KDB18218.1, KDB19042.1, KDB15252.1, KDB11157.1, KDB14945.1, KDB14792.1, KDB11877.1, KDB13798.1, KDB18458.1, KDB16050.1, KDB15065.1, KDB10987.1"], ["20", "defense response to fungus", "KDB14422.1, KDB11072.1"], ["21", "mannose metabolism process", "KDB12509.1, KDB13367.1, KDB16099.1, KDB15243.1, KDB13380.1"], ["22", "response to toxic substance", "KDB11815.1"], ["23", "protein 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