Investigation and verification of the clinical significance and perspective of natural killer group 2 member D ligands in colon adenocarcinoma.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:33909599", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 8, "content_hash": "sha256:d17c00b2d2342c61c26b2049a2bcf90af217de3a8893bba4727f4f54c479e05c", "created_at": "2026-11-01T15:41:33Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:46:36Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Investigation and verification of the clinical significance and perspective of natural killer group 2 member D ligands in colon adenocarcinoma.", "doi": "10.18632/aging.202935", "pmid": "33909599", "authors": ["Guo-Tian Ruan", "Shuai Wang", "Li-Chen Zhu", "Xi-Wen Liao", "Xiang-Kun Wang", "Cun Liao", "Ling Yan", "Hai-Lun Xie", "Yi-Zhen Gong", "Jia-Liang Gan", "Feng Gao"], "journal": "Aging", "year": 2021, "abstract": "This study investigated and verified the diagnostic and prognostic values of natural killer group 2 member D ligand (NKG2DL) genes in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). We downloaded NKG2DLs expression data and corresponding clinical parameters from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and used bioinformatics techniques to investigate the values of NKG2DLs in COAD. Then, we used the GSE40967 cohort to verify the prognostic value of NKG2DLs. Finally, we verified the ULBP2 expression level in tissues, and also investigated the diagnostic and prognostic values of ULBP2 in COAD. The diagnostic receiver operating characteristic curves showed that ULBP1, ULBP2, ULBP3, and RAET1L had high diagnostic values in COAD [Area Under Curve (AUC) > 0.9]. In TCGA cohort, the univariate and multivariate survival analyses suggested that ULBP2 was correlated with the prognosis of COAD recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). In GSE40967 cohort, ULBP2 was associated with CC RFS and OS. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry results showed that ULBP2 was highly expressed in COAD tumor tissues (P < 0.05) and both had diagnostic values (AUC > 0.7). Validated survival analysis showed that the high expression of ULBP2 had a worse prognosis in COAD OS and RFS. Thus, ULBP2 might be an independent diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of COAD.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "The DESeq and edgeR [70, 71] datasets, downloaded from the TCGA database using the R platform, were used to investigate the differential expression of NKG2DLs in COAD through the expression of mRNAs between COAD tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues. We considered the false discovery rate (FDR) to be < 0.05 and | log2 fold change (FC)| ≥ 2.0 was regarded as a significantly differential expression.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:33909599", "locator": "sections[17] \"Differential gene expression and diagnostic ROC curve analysis based on the TCGA cohort\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The DESeq and edgeR [70, 71] datasets, downloaded from the TCGA database using the R platform, were used to investigate the differential expression of NKG2DLs in COAD through the expression of mRNAs between COAD tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues. We considered the false discovery rate (FDR) to be < 0.05 and | log2 fold change (FC)| ≥ 2.0 was regarded as a significantly differential expression."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "partial", "objective": null, "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:33909599"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "blocked", "blocked_on": "data:accession_absent", "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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