Adipose Triglyceride Lipase Loss Promotes a Metabolic Switch in A549 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Spheroids.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:33992777", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 7, "content_hash": "sha256:ab3935471db379c0091969a778ad8133a89223aec447adde64e3db33fadd9a4d", "created_at": "2026-11-01T15:41:35Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:03:45Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Adipose Triglyceride Lipase Loss Promotes a Metabolic Switch in A549 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Spheroids.", "doi": "10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100095", "pmid": "33992777", "authors": ["Sophie Honeder", "Tamara Tomin", "Laura Nebel", "Jürgen Gindlhuber", "Katarina Fritz-Wallace", "Maximilian Schinagl", "Christoph Heininger", "Matthias Schittmayer", "Nassim Ghaffari-Tabrizi-Wizsy", "Ruth Birner-Gruenberger"], "journal": "Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP", "year": 2021, "abstract": "Cancer cells undergo complex metabolic adaptations to survive and thrive in challenging environments. This is particularly prominent for solid tumors, where cells in the core of the tumor are under severe hypoxia and nutrient deprivation. However, such conditions are often not recapitulated in the typical 2D in vitro cancer models, where oxygen as well as nutrient exposure is quite uniform. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of a key neutral lipid hydrolase, namely adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), in cancer cells that are exposed to more tumor-like conditions. To that end, we cultured lung cancer cells lacking ATGL as multicellular spheroids in 3D and subjected them to comprehensive proteomics analysis and metabolic phenotyping. Proteomics data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD021105. As a result, we report that loss of ATGL enhanced growth of spheroids and facilitated their adaptation to hypoxia, by increasing the influx of glucose and endorsing a pro-Warburg effect. This was followed by changes in lipid metabolism and an increase in protein production. Interestingly, the observed phenotype was also recapitulated in an even more \"in vivo like\" setup, when cancer spheroids were grown on chick chorioallantoic membrane, but not when cells were cultured as a 2D monolayer. In addition, we demonstrate that according to the publicly available cancer databases, an inverse relation between ATGL expression and higher glucose dependence can be observed. In conclusion, we provide indications that ATGL is involved in regulation of glucose metabolism of cancer cells when grown in 3D (mimicking solid tumors) and as such could be an important factor of the treatment outcome for some cancer types. Finally, we also ratify the need for alternative cell culture models, as the majority of phenotypes observed in 3D and spheroids grown on chick chorioallantoic membrane were not observed in 2D cell culture.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "For these experiments, a two-sided unpaired Students t test was performed and group differences considered significant below a threshold of 0.05 (p < 0.05 (∗); p < 0.01 (∗∗); p < 0.001 (∗∗∗)).", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:33992777", "locator": "sections[7] \"Experimental Design and Statistical Rationale\" paragraph 2", "quote": "For these experiments, a two-sided unpaired Students t test was performed and group differences considered significant below a threshold of 0.05 (p < 0.05 (∗); p < 0.01 (∗∗); p < 0.001 (∗∗∗))."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE (23) partner repository with the dataset identifier PXD021105 and https://doi.org/10.6019/PXD021105.\n\nIn addition, all spectral files are available for preview using MS Viewer (https://msviewer.ucsf.edu/) under following search keys: octvhdisxq for 3D spheroids dataset and vaqbljjeke for 3D spheroids on CAM dataset.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:33992777", "locator": "sections[30] \"Data Availability\" paragraphs 1-3", "quote": "The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE (23) partner repository with the dataset identifier PXD021105 and https://doi.org/10.6019/PXD021105.\n\nIn addition, all spectral files are available for preview using MS Viewer (https://msviewer.ucsf.edu/) under following search keys: octvhdisxq for 3D spheroids dataset and vaqbljjeke for 3D spheroids on CAM dataset."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "partial", "objective": null, "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:33992777"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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