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pmid:34026368

Analysis of multi-omics differences in left-side and right-side colon cancer.

Yanyi Huang · Jinzhong Duanmu · Yushu Liu · Mengyun Yan · Taiyuan Li · Qunguang Jiang

PeerJ · 2021 doi:10.7717/peerj.11433

Paper

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pmid:34026368
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title
Analysis of multi-omics differences in left-side and right-side colon cancer.
doi
10.7717/peerj.11433
pmid
34026368
authors array · 6 items
[0]
Yanyi Huang
[1]
Jinzhong Duanmu
[2]
Yushu Liu
[3]
Mengyun Yan
[4]
Taiyuan Li
[5]
Qunguang Jiang
journal
PeerJ
year
2021
abstract
BACKGROUND: Colon cancer is one of the most common tumors in the digestive tract. Studies of left-side colon cancer (LCC) and right-side colon cancer (RCC) show that these two subtypes have different prognoses, outcomes, and clinical responses to chemotherapy. Therefore, a better understanding of the importance of the clinical classifications of the anatomic subtypes of colon cancer is needed. METHODS: We collected colon cancer patients' transcriptome data, clinical information, and somatic mutation data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database portal. The transcriptome data were taken from 390 colon cancer patients (172 LCC samples and 218 RCC samples); the somatic mutation data included 142 LCC samples and 187 RCC samples. We compared the expression and prognostic differences of LCC and RCC by conducting a multi-omics analysis of each using the clinical characteristics, immune microenvironment, transcriptomic differences, and mutation differences. The prognostic signatures was validated using the internal testing set, complete set, and external testing set (GSE39582). We also verified the independent prognostic value of the signature. RESULTS: The results of our clinical characteristic analysis showed that RCC had a significantly worse prognosis than LCC. The analysis of the immune microenvironment showed that immune infiltration was more common in RCC than LCC. The results of differential gene analysis showed that there were 360 differentially expressed genes, with 142 upregulated genes in LCC and 218 upregulated genes in RCC. The mutation frequency of RCC was generally higher than that of LCC. BRAF and KRAS gene mutations were the dominant genes mutations in RCC, and they had a strong mutual exclusion with APC, while APC gene mutation was the dominant gene mutation in LCC. This suggests that the molecular mechanisms of RCC and LCC differed. The 4-mRNA and 6-mRNA in the prognostic signatures of LCC and RCC, respectively, were highly predictive and may be used as independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: The clinical classification of the anatomic subtypes of colon cancer is of great significance for early diagnosis and prognostic risk assessment. Our study provides directions for individualized treatment of left and right colon cancer.
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Gene expression Classification of Colon Cancer defines six molecular subtypes with distinct clinical, molecular and survival characteristics [Expression]
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{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:34026368", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 6, "content_hash": "sha256:f8923491a76d59b8a76ffe23599a32e006d35b7bb78524da5158e45347ec6636", "created_at": "2026-11-01T15:41:36Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T21:25:23Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Analysis of multi-omics differences in left-side and right-side colon cancer.", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.11433", "pmid": "34026368", "authors": ["Yanyi Huang", "Jinzhong Duanmu", "Yushu Liu", "Mengyun Yan", "Taiyuan Li", "Qunguang Jiang"], "journal": "PeerJ", "year": 2021, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Colon cancer is one of the most common tumors in the digestive tract. Studies of left-side colon cancer (LCC) and right-side colon cancer (RCC) show that these two subtypes have different prognoses, outcomes, and clinical responses to chemotherapy. Therefore, a better understanding of the importance of the clinical classifications of the anatomic subtypes of colon cancer is needed.\nMETHODS: We collected colon cancer patients' transcriptome data, clinical information, and somatic mutation data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database portal. The transcriptome data were taken from 390 colon cancer patients (172 LCC samples and 218 RCC samples); the somatic mutation data included 142 LCC samples and 187 RCC samples. We compared the expression and prognostic differences of LCC and RCC by conducting a multi-omics analysis of each using the clinical characteristics, immune microenvironment, transcriptomic differences, and mutation differences. The prognostic signatures was validated using the internal testing set, complete set, and external testing set (GSE39582). We also verified the independent prognostic value of the signature.\nRESULTS: The results of our clinical characteristic analysis showed that RCC had a significantly worse prognosis than LCC. The analysis of the immune microenvironment showed that immune infiltration was more common in RCC than LCC. The results of differential gene analysis showed that there were 360 differentially expressed genes, with 142 upregulated genes in LCC and 218 upregulated genes in RCC. The mutation frequency of RCC was generally higher than that of LCC. BRAF and KRAS gene mutations were the dominant genes mutations in RCC, and they had a strong mutual exclusion with APC, while APC gene mutation was the dominant gene mutation in LCC. This suggests that the molecular mechanisms of RCC and LCC differed. The 4-mRNA and 6-mRNA in the prognostic signatures of LCC and RCC, respectively, were highly predictive and may be used as independent prognostic factors.\nCONCLUSION: The clinical classification of the anatomic subtypes of colon cancer is of great significance for early diagnosis and prognostic risk assessment. Our study provides directions for individualized treatment of left and right colon cancer.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The raw data is available at TCGA-COAD and GSE39582.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:34026368", "locator": "sections[24] \"Additional Information and Declarations\" paragraph 4", "quote": "The raw data is available at TCGA-COAD and GSE39582."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": null, "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:34026368"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE39582"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE39582"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": []}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:34026368", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11433", "sha256": 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