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pmid:34054812
Immune Landscape of Gastric Carcinoma Tumor Microenvironment Identifies a Peritoneal Relapse Relevant Immune Signature.
Chuang Zhang · Danni Li · Ruoxi Yu · Ce Li · Yujia Song · Xi Chen · Yibo Fan · Yunpeng Liu · Xiujuan Qu
Frontiers in immunology · 2021 doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.651033
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Experiment
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Complete file
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Peritoneal relapse (PR) is the most frequent metastasis occurring among patients with advanced gastric cancer. Increasingly more evidence have clarified the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) may predict survival and have clinical significance in GC. However, tumor-transcriptomics based immune signatures derived from immune profiling have not been established for predicting the peritoneal recurrence of the advanced GC.\nMethods: In this study, we depict the immune landscape of GC by using transcriptome profiling and clinical characteristics retrieved from GSE62254 of Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Immune cell infiltration score was evaluated via single-sample gene set enrichment (ssGSEA) analysis algorithm. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression algorithm was used to select the valuable immune cells and construct the final model for the prediction of PR. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the Kaplan-Meier curve were used to check the accuracy of PRIs. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were performed to explore the molecular pathways associated with PRIs.\nResults: A peritoneal recurrence related immune score (PRIs) with 10 immune cells was constructed. Compared to the low-PRIs group, the high-PRIs group had a greater risk. The upregulation of the focal adhesion signaling was observed in the high-PRIs subtype by GSEA and KEGG. Multivariate analysis found that both in the internal training cohort and the internal validation cohort, PRIs was a stable and independent predictor for PR. A nomogram that integrated clinicopathological features and PRIs to predict peritoneal relapse was constructed. Subgroup analysis indicated that the PRIs could obviously distinguish peritoneal recurrence in different molecular subtypes, pathological stages and Lauren subtypes, in which PRIs of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transitions (EMT) subtype, III-IV stage and diffuse subtype are higher respectively.\nConclusion: Overall, we performed a comprehensive evaluation of the immune landscape of GC and constructed a predictive PR model based on the immune cell infiltration. The PRIs represents novel promising feature of predicting peritoneal recurrence of GC and sheds light on the improvement of the personalized management of GC patients after surgery.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "Continuous variables were analyzed using Student’s t-tests or nonparametric tests.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:34054812", "locator": "sections[10] \"Statistical Analysis\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Continuous variables were analyzed using Student’s t-tests or nonparametric tests."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories. 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tests", "dsl_operations": [], "missing_operations": [], "expressible": null, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": [], "evidence": {"score": 1.0, "band": "verbatim", "quote": "Continuous variables were analyzed using Student’s t-tests or nonparametric tests."}}], "targets": [], "gaps": ["method.reader_named_unmapped"]}, "capability": {"state": "complete", "requirements": [{"capability_id": "capability:computational_analysis", "label": "Computational analysis platform", "assay_families": ["meta_analysis", "machine_learning", "survival_analysis", "statistical_regression", "pca", "molecular_docking", "network_analysis", "differential_expression", "gwas"], "availability_state": "owned", "tier_unlocked": "R1", "candidate": "Automated Assays Laravel application and simulated adapters"}], "gaps": []}, "readiness": {"state": "complete", "tier": "R1", "blocking_axis": "none", "blocked_on": "nothing:replicable_now", "axes": {"method": {"tier": "R1", "expressible": true, "required_operations": 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The physical bench the paper used is not, so a physical validation cannot be run here."}, "data": {"tier": "R1", "reachable": true, "accessions": ["GSE62254", "GSE10581", "GSE15081"], "resolved_accessions": ["GSE62254", "GSE10581", "GSE15081"], "statements": ["The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories. The names of the repository/repositories and accession number(s) can be found in the article/ Supplementary Material ."], "basis": "The paper names GSE62254, GSE10581, GSE15081 in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the accession resolves in the repository. No dataset was downloaded and no licence was read."}}, "can_run": {"dsl_operations": ["survival_km"], "assets": ["source:pmid:34054812", "data:geo:GSE10581", "asset:table:pmid:34054812:1"], "steps": ["run_analysis"]}, "must_build": {"dsl_operations": [], "converters": [], "readers": [], "capabilities": [], "data_gaps": ["data:geo:GSE10581"]}, "gaps": []}, "review": {"state": "partial", "machine_critique": {"kind": "extraction_review", "reader": {"model": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "provider": "minimax", "provider_family": "minimax", "read_at": "2026-10-31T18:30:29Z", "independence": "single_reader"}, "evidence_check": {"method": "verbatim", "availability": "verbatim"}, "calls": 3, "usage": {"prompt_tokens": 46276, "completion_tokens": 1162, "cached_tokens": 528}}, "human_critique": null, "stages": [{"id": "extraction", "state": "complete", "reader": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "provider": "minimax"}], "gaps": ["review.independent_reader", "review.machine_critique", "review.human_critique"]}, "execution": {"state": "absent", "status": "not_run", "mode": null, "runs": [], "gaps": ["execution.not_run"]}, "provenance": {"entities": [{"id": "pmid:34054812", "type": "paper", "label": "pmid:34054812"}, {"id": "source:pmid:34054812", "type": "manuscript", "label": "PMID 34054812 full text"}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE10581", "type": "dataset", "label": "GEO GSE10581"}], "activities": [{"id": "activity-reading-sci-2026-11-01", "type": "classification", "used": [{"id": "pmid:34054812", "type": "paper", "label": "pmid:34054812"}, {"id": "source:pmid:34054812", "type": "manuscript", "label": "PMID 34054812 full text"}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE10581", "type": "dataset", "label": "GEO GSE10581"}], "agent": "agent:corpus-assay-engine"}, {"id": "activity-read-34054812", "type": "extraction", "used": ["source:pmid:34054812"], "agent": "agent:minimax-reader"}, {"id": "activity-resolve-GSE10581", "type": "accession_resolution", "used": ["data:geo:GSE10581"], "agent": "agent:corpus-assay-engine"}], "agents": [{"id": "agent:corpus-assay-engine", "type": "software", "label": "Corpus assay engine"}, {"id": "agent:minimax-reader", "type": "software", "label": "MiniMax literature reader"}], "source_run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01", "dsl_catalogue_fingerprint": "343fb30756ba6ec3", "capability_table_fingerprint": "2cb3e42f047d2ecf", "snapshot_id": "ba34b49490d9bfaf"}, "lineage": {"parent_id": "pmid:34054812", "parent_hash": "sha256:8b695469b99c5b24d1e306b1ef6c8494b10f0c50df1652b236f93aa43700f49d", "fork_of": null, "generation": 6}, "gaps": ["asset:data:geo:GSE10581 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE10581 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE15081 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE15081 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE62254 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE62254 not downloaded", "execution.not_run", "method.reader_named_unmapped", "review.human_critique", "review.independent_reader", "review.machine_critique"], "assays": [{"role": "analysis", "definition_id": "survival_analysis", "definition_version": "f2132e96ae6c7a4e", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": ["survival_km"], "support_state": "supported", "source_hashes": {"dsl_catalogue": "f2132e96ae6c7a4e"}, "confidence": 0.7, "evidence": ["Kaplan-Meier"], "order_basis": "analysis_only", "id": "assay:1"}]}