A Novel Immune-Related Seventeen-Gene Signature for Predicting Early Stage Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma Prognosis.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:34177903", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 7, "content_hash": "sha256:838e2f7459c99cd1015ce56e37ae2031f0f464338b82e96b59b8071059173830", "created_at": "2026-11-01T15:41:40Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:04:02Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "A Novel Immune-Related Seventeen-Gene Signature for Predicting Early Stage Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma Prognosis.", "doi": "10.3389/fimmu.2021.665407", "pmid": "34177903", "authors": ["Tao Fan", "Zhiliang Lu", "Yu Liu", "Liyu Wang", "He Tian", "Yujia Zheng", "Bo Zheng", "Liyan Xue", "Fengwei Tan", "Qi Xue", "Shugeng Gao", "Chunxiang Li", "Jie He"], "journal": "Frontiers in immunology", "year": 2021, "abstract": "With the increasingly early stage lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) being discovered, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive analysis of the prognostic characteristics of early stage LUSC. Here, we developed an immune-related gene signature for outcome prediction of early stage LUSC based on three independent cohorts. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using CIBERSORT and ESTMATE algorithm. Then, a 17-immune-related gene (RPRM, APOH, SSX1, MSGN1, HPR, ISM2, FGA, LBP, HAS1, CSF2, RETN, CCL2, CCL21, MMP19, PTGIS, F13A1, C1QTNF1) signature was identified using univariate Cox regression, LASSO regression and stepwise multivariable Cox analysis based on the verified DEGs from 401 cases in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Subsequently, a cohort of GSE74777 containing 107 cases downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and an independent data set consisting of 36 frozen tissues collected from National Cancer Center were used to validate the predictive value of the signature. Seventeen immune-related genes were identified from TCGA cohort, which were further used to establish a classification system to construct cases into high- and low-risk groups in terms of overall survival. This classifier was still an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis. In addition, another two independent cohorts and different clinical subgroups validated the significant predictive value of the signature. Further mechanism research found early stage LUSC patients with high risk had special immune cell infiltration characteristics and gene mutation profiles. In conclusion, we characterized the tumor microenvironment and established a highly predictive model for evaluating the prognosis of early stage LUSC, which may provide a lead for effective immunotherapeutic options tailored for each subtype.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "In order to study whether the risk score was an independent prognostic factor for early stage LUSC, we performed univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:34177903", "locator": "sections[16] \"The Risk Score Based on These 17 Genes Was an Independent Risk Factor for Early Stage LUSC Patients\" paragraph 2", "quote": "In order to study whether the risk score was an independent prognostic factor for early stage LUSC, we performed univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:34177903", "locator": "sections[18] \"Data Availability Statement\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": null, "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:34177903"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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