High Expression Levels of CDK1 and CDC20 in Patients With Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma are Associated With Worse Prognosis.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:34307447", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 8, "content_hash": "sha256:5935f9bb1c837db1886c17b56668bc5c91ed4fa69e3989259b1438f795978768", "created_at": "2026-11-01T15:41:45Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:47:10Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "High Expression Levels of CDK1 and CDC20 in Patients With Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma are Associated With Worse Prognosis.", "doi": "10.3389/fmolb.2021.653805", "pmid": "34307447", "authors": ["Huan Deng", "Qingqing Hang", "Dijian Shen", "Hangjie Ying", "Yibi Zhang", "Xu Qian", "Ming Chen"], "journal": "Frontiers in molecular biosciences", "year": 2021, "abstract": "Purpose: Progress related to the early detection and molecular targeted therapy of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) remains limited. The goal of our study was to identify key candidate indicators of LUSC. Methods: Three microarray datasets (GSE33532, GSE30219 and GSE19188) were applied to find differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Functional enrichment analyses of DEGs were carried out, and their protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established. Hub genes were chosen from the PPI network according to their degree scores. Then, overall survival (OS) analyses of hub genes were carried out using Kaplan-Meier plotter, and their GSEA analyses were performed. Public databases were used to verify the expression patterns of CDK1 and CDC20. Furthermore, basic experiments were performed to verify our findings. Results: A total of 1,366 DEGs were identified, containing 669 downregulated and 697 upregulated DEGs. These DEGs were primarily enriched in cell cycle, chromosome centromeric region and nuclear division. Seventeen hub genes were selected from PPI network. Survival analyses demonstrated that CDK1 and CDC20 were closely associated with OS. GSEA analyses revealed that cell cycle, DNA replication, and mismatch repair were associated with CDK1 expression, while spliceosome, RNA degradation and cell cycle were correlated with CDC20 expression. Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and The Human Protein Atlas (THPA) databases, CDK1 and CDC20 were upregulated in LUSC at the mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, basic experiments also supported the obvious upregulation of CDK1 and CDC20 in LUSC. Conclusion: Our study suggests and validates that CDK1 and CDC20 are potential therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers of LUSC.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "DEGs were selected between LUSC and normal lung tissues using the limma package of R software (Ritchie et al., 2015). To minimize the false discovery rate (FDR), the p-values were adjusted using the Benjamini–Hochberg method.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:34307447", "locator": "sections[4] \"Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes\" paragraph 2", "quote": "DEGs were selected between LUSC and normal lung tissues using the limma package of R software (Ritchie et al., 2015). To minimize the false discovery rate (FDR), the p-values were adjusted using the Benjamini–Hochberg method."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding authors.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:34307447", "locator": "sections[20] \"Data Availability Statement\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding authors."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": null, "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:34307447"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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"format": "jats-table", "media_type": "application/vnd.jats.table+json", "uri": null, "sha256": "sha256:3c0146defde18867e30df1bda6685c630e09f200137c9e64da841743e67543db", "bytes": 2817, "access": "open", "state": "verified", "reader": "read_table", "reader_status": "available", "identifier": "section[13]/table-wrap[1]#T3", "version": null, "note": "Functional roles of all hub genes with degrees>60.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC8292837", "section_index": 6, "section_title": "Construction of the PPI Network and Selection of Hub Genes", "row_count": 18, "column_count": 5}, "table": {"label": "TABLE 3", "caption": "Functional roles of all hub genes with degrees>60.", "rows": [["No", "Gene Symbol", "Degree", "Full name", "Function"], ["1", "CDK1", "123", "Cyclin-dependent kinase 1", "CDK1 regulates the cell cycle progression, apoptosis and carcinogenesis of several cancers"], ["2", "CDC20", "106", "Cell division cycle 20", "CDC20 participates in the pathogenesis of NSCLC, and its higher expression correlates with higher tumor grade"], ["3", "CCNB1", "95", "Cyclin B1", "CCNB1 plays an important role in promoting the transition from G2/M phase, and its high expression predicts worse prognosis in LUSC."], ["4", "CCNB2", "91", "Cyclin B2", "CCNB2 participates in promoting G2/M transition, and its overexpression correlates with the development of LUSC."], ["5", "CCNA2", "83", "Cyclin A2", "CCNA2 promotes the transition from G1 to S phase and G2 to M phase, and it is overexpressed in LUSC."], ["6", "BUB1", "83", "BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase", "BUB1 participates in binding kinetochores, and its mutation is correlated with the occurrence of LUSC."], ["7", "AURKB", "82", "Aurora Kinase B", "AURKB closely correlates with the acquired resistance of anti-EGFR treatment in NSCLC."], ["8", "PLK1", "80", "Polo Like Kinase 1", "Abnormal expression of PLK1 is associated with higher stages and aggressive progression of LUSC."], ["9", "MAD2L1", "75", "Mitotic Arrest Deficient 2 Like 1", "MAD2L1 participates in chromosomal instability and substantial aneuploidy, which is correlated with the carcinogenesis of NSCLC."], ["10", "CDCA8", "74", "Cell Division Cycle Associated 8", "Phosphorylation and activation of CDCA8 by AURKB serve an important role in the tumorigenesis of LC."], ["11", "KIF11", "69", "Kinesin Family Member 11", "The overexpression of KIF11 promotes the invasion and adverse prognosis of NSCLC."], ["12", "KIF2C", "69", "Kinesin Family Member 2C", "Elevated expression of KIF2C is associated with poorer differentiation status and lymph node metastasis in NSCLC."], ["13", "NDC80", "69", "NDC80 Kinetochore Complex Component", "NDC80 is highly expressed in LUAD, and high expression of NDC80 is associated with shorter OS."], ["14", "BIRC5", "66", "Baculoviral IAP Repeat Containing 5", "BIRC5 is highly expressed in LUSC, and the upregulation of BIRC5 indicates worse survival in LUSC."], ["15", "CENPE", "65", "Centromere Protein E", "CENPE is 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"section[13]/table-wrap[1]#T3", "version": null, "note": "Functional roles of all hub genes with degrees>60.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC8292837", "section_index": 13, "section_title": "Construction of the PPI Network and Selection of Hub Genes", "row_count": 18, "column_count": 5}, "table": {"label": "TABLE 3", "caption": "Functional roles of all hub genes with degrees>60.", "rows": [["No", "Gene Symbol", "Degree", "Full name", "Function"], ["1", "CDK1", "123", "Cyclin-dependent kinase 1", "CDK1 regulates the cell cycle progression, apoptosis and carcinogenesis of several cancers"], ["2", "CDC20", "106", "Cell division cycle 20", "CDC20 participates in the pathogenesis of NSCLC, and its higher expression correlates with higher tumor grade"], ["3", "CCNB1", "95", "Cyclin B1", "CCNB1 plays an important role in promoting the transition from G2/M phase, and its high expression predicts worse prognosis in LUSC."], ["4", "CCNB2", "91", "Cyclin B2", "CCNB2 participates in promoting G2/M 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[["Gene", "Name", "ES", "NES", "NOM p-value", "FDR q-value"], ["CDK1", "KEGG_BASAL_TRANSCRIPTION_FACTORS", "0.57", "1.74", "0.010", "0.033"], ["KEGG_BASE_EXCISION_REPAIR", "0.67", "1.90", "0.000", "0.040"], ["KEGG_CELL_CYCLE", "0.58", "1.88", "0.000", "0.012"], ["KEGG_DNA_REPLICATION", "0.76", "1.85", "0.004", "0.014"], ["KEGG_MISMATCH_REPAIR", "0.77", "1.94", "0.002", "0.016"], ["KEGG_NUCLEOTIDE_EXCISION_REPAIR", "0.61", "1.81", "0.006", "0.017"], ["KEGG_ONE_CARBON_POOL_BY_FOLATE", "0.67", "1.73", "0.002", "0.034"], ["KEGG_RNA_DEGRADATION", "0.56", "1.83", "0.006", "0.016"], ["KEGG_RNA_POLYMERASE", "0.67", "1.88", "0.000", "0.015"], ["KEGG_SPLICEOSOME", "0.55", "1.95", "0.002", "0.020"], ["CDC20", "KEGG_BASAL_TRANSCRIPTION_FACTORS", "0.53", "1.57", "0.033", "0.137"], ["KEGG_BASE_EXCISION_REPAIR", "0.61", "1.70", "0.004", "0.063"], ["KEGG_CELL_CYCLE", "0.59", "1.84", "0.002", "0.030"], ["KEGG_DNA_REPLICATION", "0.78", "1.76", "0.000", "0.044"], ["KEGG_MISMATCH_REPAIR", "0.74", "1.80", 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The physical bench the paper used is not, so a physical validation cannot be run here."}, "data": {"tier": "R1", "reachable": true, "accessions": ["GSE33532", "GSE30219", "GSE19188"], "resolved_accessions": ["GSE33532", "GSE30219", "GSE19188"], "statements": ["The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding authors."], "basis": "The paper names GSE33532, GSE30219, GSE19188 in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the accession resolves in the repository. 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