Identification of Hub Genes and Small Molecule Drugs Associated with Acquired Resistance to Gefitinib in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:34335945", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 4, "content_hash": "sha256:86f05851314c268ff89f3d977d747ef2f2a5fc73031cfc00640b448e3ecf78e3", "created_at": "2026-11-01T15:41:46Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:04:23Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Identification of Hub Genes and Small Molecule Drugs Associated with Acquired Resistance to Gefitinib in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.", "doi": "10.7150/jca.56506", "pmid": "34335945", "authors": ["Guangda Li", "Yunfei Ma", "Mingwei Yu", "Xiaoxiao Li", "Xinjie Chen", "Yu Gao", "Peiyu Cheng", "Ganlin Zhang", "Xiaomin Wang"], "journal": "Journal of Cancer", "year": 2021, "abstract": "Targeting EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR TKIs), brings lights to the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although T790M mutation responded as one of the main reasons of acquired resistance, still 15% of the resistance patients can't be explained by the known mechanisms. The purpose of this research was to identify some new mechanisms of gefitinib acquired resistance, and to predict small molecules drugs which may reverse drug resistance by integrated bioinformatics analysis. The GSE34228 data package containing the microarray data of acquired gefitinib-resistant cell line (PC9GR) and gefitinib-sensitive cell line (PC9) from the GEO database were downloaded, and gene co-expression networks by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were constructed to identified key modules and key genes related to gefitinib resistance. Furthermore, the significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two cell types were screened out, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network to obtain the key genes of DEGs was accordingly constructed. Through the above two methods, 4 hub genes, PI3, S100A8, AXL and PNPLA4 were mined as the most relevant to gefitinib resistance. Among them, PI3, S100A8 were down-regulated in PC9GR cell samples, while AXL, PNPLA4 were up-regulated. The gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) for single gene showed that the four hub genes were mainly correlated with cell proliferation and cycle. Besides, small molecule drugs with the potential to overcome resistance, such as Emetine and cephaeline, were screened by CMap database. Consistent with this, in vitro experiments results have shown that emetine and cephaeline can increase the sensitivity of drug-resistant cells to gefitinib, and the mechanism may be related to the regulation of PI3 and S100A8. In conclusion, 4 hub genes were found to be related to the occurrence of gefitinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancer, and several small molecule drugs were screened out as potential therapeutic agents to overcome gefitinib resistance, which may lead a new way for the treatment of NSCLC of acquired resistance to gefitinib.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The data sets analyzed during this study are either publicly available online or are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:34335945", "locator": "sections[20] \"ack\" paragraph 1", "quote": "The data sets analyzed during this study are either publicly available online or are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": null, "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:34335945"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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